葡萄酒的語言 - 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

Hi, it's Neil from BBC Learning English here.

大家好，這裡是 BBC Learning English 的 Neil。

Just to let you know, 語氣意圖

只是想告訴大家，

we're offering a new weekly extra episode of Six Minute English exclusively on our website.

我們正在網站上獨家提供全新的每週一期《六分鐘英語》額外節目。

So, go to bbclearningenglish.com

所以，請訪問 bbclearningenglish.com

to hear Georgina and I discussing how color can affect your mood.

來聽聽 Georgina 和我討論顏色是如何影響你的情緒的。

It's available now,

節目現在已經上線，

so see you there.

期待在那裡見到你。

bbclearningenglish.com

bbclearningenglish.com

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com

《六分鐘英語》，來自 bbclearningenglish.com

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是 BBC Learning English 的《六分鐘英語》。

I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

And I'm Rob.

我是 Rob。

Rob, would you describe yourself as a wine connoisseur? 講解

Rob，你會把自己描述成一個葡萄酒鑑賞家嗎？

If you mean am I someone who enjoys wine and knows a lot about it, 語氣意圖

如果你是指那種喜歡葡萄酒並且對它很了解的人，

then no.

那就不是。

Although the enjoy part is true, 語氣意圖

雖然喜歡這部分是真的，

particularly a nice glass of red.

特別是一杯美味的紅酒。

Of course, wine might not be everybody's cup of tea, 慣用語

當然，葡萄酒可能並不是所有人的菜，

not something they like.

不是他們喜歡的東西。

But wine has been an important part of history and language.

但葡萄酒在歷史和語言中一直佔據著重要的地位。

And even if you don't drink alcohol, 文法

即使你不喝酒，

wine can be used as a commodity you can invest in and sell at an auction. 講解

葡萄酒也可以作為一種你可以投資並在拍賣會上出售的商品。

And that brings me to my quiz question, Rob. 表達脈絡

這就引出了我的測試問題，Rob。

In 2018, a bottle of wine dating back to 1774 片語搭配

在2018年，一瓶可追溯到1774年的葡萄酒

sold at auction in eastern France for a record-breaking price. 講解

在法國東部的拍賣會上以創紀錄的價格售出。

Do you know how much it was sold for? 文法

你知道它賣了多少錢嗎？

Was it A) $20,800,

是 A) 20,800美元，

B) $120,800,

B) 120,800美元，

or C) $220,800?

還是 C) 220,800美元？

I know wine can fetch a high price, 片語搭配

我知道葡萄酒能賣出高價，

but not as high as some of those options.

但沒有那些選項那麼高。

So, I'll say A) $20,800. 語氣意圖

所以，我選 A) 20,800美元。

I'll reveal the answer later on.

我稍後會揭曉答案。

But let's talk more about wine now.

但現在讓我們來多聊聊葡萄酒。

A glass of the stuff can be sipped and savored or just glugged. 講解

一杯這樣的飲品可以小口品嚐，也可以大口狂飲。

Ah, glug is a good word,

啊，glug（大口喝）是個好詞，

meaning drink in large gulps or mouthfuls.

意思是幾大口或滿滿地喝下去。

Not something a wine expert would do.

品酒專家可不會這麼做。

For some people,

對一些人來說，

drinking and serving wine is almost an art form. 慣用語

飲用和侍奉葡萄酒幾乎是一門藝術。

If you go to a restaurant, there might be a sommelier, 文化背景

如果你去餐廳，可能會有一位侍酒師，

a person whose job is to serve and give advice about wine. 片語搭配

這種人的工作是上酒並提供關於葡萄酒的建議。

They may have had years of training to learn about the different types of wine

他們可能接受了多年的訓練，來學習不同種類的葡萄酒

and the individual flavors or aromas known as notes. 用詞

以及那些被稱為‘香調’（notes）的獨特風味或香氣。

This job has fascinated journalist and author Bianca Bosker.

這份工作讓記者兼作家 Bianca Bosker 深感著迷。

She wrote a book called Cork Dorks'.

她寫了一本書叫《Cork Dorks》。

And here she is talking on the BBC World Service program The Wine Factor, 表達脈絡

這是她在 BBC 世界服務台的節目《The Wine Factor》上的講話，

describing her fascination with sommeliers.

描述了她對侍酒師的著迷。

These were people who had taken wine,

這些人拿到了葡萄酒，

which I'd always thought of as a thing of pleasure, 片語搭配

這本來是我一直認為能帶來快樂的東西，

something you turned to after a long stressful day, 片語動詞

是你在漫長、壓力大的一天後尋求安慰的東西，

and turned it into something approaching sheer god-awful pain. 講解

而他們卻把它變成了一種近乎純粹而可怕的痛苦。

They licked rocks to train their palates, 片語搭配

他們舔石頭來鍛煉自己的味覺，

they divorced their spouses to spend more time reviewing flash cards. 文法

他們與配偶離婚，花更多時間複習抽認卡。

They had hired voice coaches and memory coaches,

他們雇傭了聲音教練和記憶教練，

they took dance classes to learn how to move more gracefully across the dining room floor. 片語搭配

他們上舞蹈課，學習如何在餐廳地板上走得更優雅。

Like me, Bianca thought drinking wine was a pleasurable activity,

和我一樣，Bianca 認為喝葡萄酒是一項令人愉快的活動，

something that helped her relax after a long stressful day.

是能在漫長、壓力大的一天後幫助她放鬆的事情。

So, she was surprised at how sommeliers turn this activity 片語搭配

所以，她對侍酒師如何將這項活動

into something approaching sheer god-awful pain.

變成一種近乎純粹而可怕的痛苦感到驚訝。

The word sheer is used to emphasize the amount of something

sheer（純粹的）這個詞用來強調某物的數量

or to mean nothing but.

或者表示‘僅僅是’、‘無非是’。

She thought the work of a sommelier was nothing but pain. 片語搭配

她認為侍酒師的工作除了痛苦什麼也不是。

They seem to dedicate their life to wine. 片語搭配

他們似乎把一生都奉獻給了葡萄酒。

One thing a sommelier does is train their palate.

侍酒師要做的一件事就是訓練他們的味覺（palate）。

This is their ability to distinguish and appreciate different tastes 片語搭配

這是他們區分和欣賞不同味道的能力，

and identify types of good wine from their taste.

並透過味道來識別優質葡萄酒的種類。

I guess this is quite important.

我想這相當重要。

But divorcing their spouses does seem a bit extreme. 語氣意圖

但與配偶離婚確實顯得有點極端。

I'm afraid I wouldn't take it so seriously. 講解

恐怕我不會那麼當真。

I'll stick to drinking poor quality, 片語動詞

我還是堅持喝質量差的、

cheap red wine, sometimes called plonk. 用詞

廉價的紅酒，有時叫 plonk（劣質酒）。

Well, Rob, cheap wine doesn't always have to be poor quality. 文法

嗯，Rob，廉價葡萄酒並不總是質量差。

Interestingly, there is some evidence 表達脈絡

有趣的是，有一些證據表明

that shows we only think wine tastes better because it's more expensive. 文法

我們覺得葡萄酒更好喝只是因為它更貴。

Ah, yes.

啊，是的。

This is research Hilke Plassmann from INSEAD Business School in France spoke about

這是法國歐洲工商管理學院（INSEAD）的 Hilke Plassmann 所談及的研究，

on the BBC World Service's Wine Factor program.

是在 BBC 世界服務台的《The Wine Factor》節目中講述的。

She's been looking into what influences consumer behavior. 講解

她一直在研究是什麼影響了消費者行為。

The price tag affects that region in your brain 用詞

價格標籤會影響你大腦中的那個區域，

that encodes your liking of the taste. 用詞

那個編碼你對味道喜好程度的區域。

So, in other words, 表達脈絡

所以，換句話說，

you do not only think that you like the more expensive wine more, 表達脈絡

你不僅認為自己更喜歡昂貴的葡萄酒，

you feel you like the more expensive wine more

你甚至感覺自己更喜歡昂貴的葡萄酒，

because your brain region that encodes this feeling

因為你大腦中編碼這種感覺的區域

is influenced by the price tag. 文法

受到了價格標籤的影響。

So, our brain is possibly playing tricks on us. 慣用語

所以，我們的大腦可能在欺騙我們。

When we see the price tag on a bottle of wine,

當我們看到一瓶葡萄酒上的價格標籤時，

our brain encodes the information and tells us how it should taste.

我們的大腦會編碼這些信息，並告訴我們它應該是什麼味道。

Encodes means changes the information

編碼（encodes）意味著將信息改變

into something that we can use or understand.

成我們可以使用或理解的東西。

Drinking more expensive wine makes you think it tastes better. 文法

喝更貴的葡萄酒會讓你覺得它味道更好。

So, perhaps when buying a supermarket wine or wine in a restaurant, 文法

所以，也許在超市或餐廳買酒時，

it may be better telling yourself that the cheaper option is okay. 片語搭配

最好告訴自己便宜的那個也不錯。

Hmm, I'll drink to that. 慣用語

嗯，我完全同意。

But I wonder how that 語氣意圖

但我好奇那瓶

most expensive bottle of wine ever sold at auction tastes. 文法

在拍賣會上賣出的最貴的葡萄酒是什麼味道。

The one dating back to 1774 that you asked me about.

就是你問我的那瓶可追溯到1774年的酒。

Hmm, so you thought it sold for $20,800,

嗯，所以你以為它賣了20,800美元，

but sorry, Rob, that's too cheap. 語氣意圖

但是抱歉，Rob，那太便宜了。

It was, in fact, sold for $120,800. 表達脈絡

事實上，它賣了120,800美元。

I assume it wasn't drunk. 語氣意圖

我猜它沒被喝掉。

I hope not. 語氣意圖

我希望沒有。

Well, I think I'll stick to my plonk for now, Sam.

好吧，我想我現在還是繼續喝我的 plonk 吧，Sam。

Plonk was one of our vocabulary words today

Plonk 是我們今天的詞彙之一，

and describes cheap, poor quality wine.

描述便宜、劣質的葡萄酒。

We also mentioned a connoisseur,

我們還提到了鑑賞家（connoisseur），

someone who enjoys a particular thing and knows a lot about it.

喜歡特定事物並對此非常了解的人。

A sommelier is someone who serves and gives advice about wine in a restaurant.

侍酒師（sommelier）是在餐廳上酒並提供關於葡萄酒建議的人。

Sheer is a word used to emphasize the amount of something

Sheer（純粹的）是一個用於強調某物數量的詞，

or to mean nothing but.

或表示除了某物什麼也沒有。

A palate describes someone's ability to distinguish and appreciate different tastes.

味覺（palate）描述了一個人區分和欣賞不同味道的能力。

And finally, encodes

最後，編碼（encodes）

means changes information into something we can use or understand.

意味著將信息變成我們可以使用或理解的東西。

But now we're out of time, 表達脈絡

但現在我們時間到了，

so cheers, everyone.

那麼，大家乾杯。

Thanks for listening and goodbye.

感謝收聽，再見。

Goodbye.

再見。

Six Minute English from the BBC.

來自 BBC 的《六分鐘英語》。