魚是如何進食的（慢動作！）- 每天聰明一點點 118：英語精讀講義

Hey, it's me Destin.

嘿，我是 Destin。

Welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

歡迎回到 Smarter Every Day。

So as dads,

身為一位父親，

when you go fishing,

當你去釣魚時，

you spend a lot of time thinking about how to get the fish to bite, 講解

你會花很多時間思考如何讓魚咬鉤，

but you don't really think about how mechanically the fish do the bite.

但你不會真正去想魚在機械層面上是如何咬鉤的。

Does that make any sense? 語氣意圖

這樣說能聽懂嗎？

So today on Smarter Every Day,

所以今天在 Smarter Every Day 中，

we're going to go to James Cook University in Australia

我們要去澳洲的 James Cook University，

and look at how a fish bite takes place in slow motion using a Phantom camera. 片語搭配

並使用 Phantom 攝影機以慢動作觀察魚咬鉤的過程。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在變得更聰明。

Okay,

好的，

so how do fish eat?

那麼魚是如何進食的呢？

So they suck food in, 片語動詞

牠們會把食物吸進去，

but they have to generate that flow, right?

但牠們必須產生那種水流，對吧？

Oh, you talking to me?

噢，你在跟我說話嗎？

Yes, I am.

是的。

Dr. Seymour.

Seymour 博士。

I'm trying to do two things at once here.

我正試著同時做兩件事。

All right,

好的，

so we've got a big tank of barramundi.

我們這裡有一個裝有 barramundi 的大水缸。

Am I saying that right, Richard? 語氣意圖

我說得對嗎，Richard？

Mhm.

嗯。

Why do you have a stick and a string here?

為什麼你這裡有一根棍子和一根繩子？

Okay,

好的，

this is the stick of death.

這就是「死亡之棍」。

This is what we use to feed everything with. 文法

我們用它來餵所有的東西。

Right?

對吧？

So if we hold that tank on the water,

所以如果我們在水面上拿住它，

then you'll be able to focus on that, 文法

你就能把焦點對準那裡，

and you'll be able to see the barramundi come up and

然後你就能看到 barramundi 游上來，然後

Okay, got it.

好的，明白了。

Here it comes.

牠來了。

Gone.

不見了。

So how do they actually create that flow inwards?

那麼牠們究竟是如何產生那種向內的水流的呢？

Are they like increasing the chest cavity somehow?

牠們是透過某種方式擴大胸腔嗎？

It's the buccal cavity or the mouth. 用詞

是口腔（buccal cavity）。

Say what?

你說什麼？

The buccal cavity, the mouth.

buccal cavity，也就是嘴巴。

So they'll open their operculum, 用詞

所以牠們會打開 operculum，

which are the gill flaps,

也就是鰓蓋，

and they open their mouth wide,

牠們把嘴張大，

and that sucks the water in.

然後就把水吸了進去。

So they're basically creating a vacuum in behind it.

所以牠們基本上在後面產生了一個真空。

Buccal cavity?

buccal cavity？

Yep.

是的。

When they open their mouth,

當牠們張開嘴時，

why does flow not come in the gills?

為什麼水流不會從鰓進來？

Cuz they open the front first.

因為牠們先張開了前面。

So you'll have a look,

你看一看，

and you see it on the high speed,

在高速攝影畫面裡你能看到，

they'll open here,

牠們會在這裡張開，

yeah, and then that will go,

對，然後它會動，

and they'll push all the water that comes back out through the back of the gills.

然後牠們會把所有吸進來的水從鰓的後面推出去。

When you see it on the high speed,

當你在高速畫面裡看到時，

then it'll make sense.

就能明白了。

No way.

不會吧。

Yeah, yeah.

是的，是的。

Okay, I just had that moment where I figured it out. 片語動詞

好的，我剛才突然頓悟了。

So

那麼

Yeah, make sure I do this right.

是的，確保我沒理解錯。

So the fish opens his mouth,

魚張開嘴，

and he starts flow in.

開始讓水流進來。

Yes.

對。

So you have fluid momentum going in,

所以水流有向內的動量，

and then he still has momentum going in,

然後牠仍然有向內的動量，

and if he doesn't get rid of that somehow, 講解

如果牠不以某種方式消除這個動量，

it'll push him backwards.

就會把牠往後推。

Yep.

是的。

So when it goes in,

所以當水進去時，

after he gets it in his mouth, 文法

在水進入牠的嘴裡之後，

then he opens his gills,

牠就張開鰓，

and he releases that momentum.

釋放那個動量。

Shut up! 語氣意圖

別開玩笑了！

I've been fishing my whole life, 文法

我釣了一輩子的魚，

I didn't know that.

我都不知道這個。

And you'll see it on the high speed.

你會在高速攝影機下看到它的。

Really?

真的嗎？

Yeah, yeah.

對，對。

All right.

好的。

Dude, that's awesome.

老兄，這太酷了。

Do it out here in the light.

在這裡光線好的地方做。

Yeah, so...

是的，所以……

So the fish is coming up to the food,

魚游向食物，

and instead of accelerating the whole body

牠們不用加速整個身體

to grab the food,

去抓取食物，

fish have a very complex mouth where they can throw the jaws forward. 用詞

魚有一張非常複雜的嘴，可以將下巴向前拋。

So instead of throwing the whole body mass forward, 文法

所以與其把整個身體的質量往前拋，

at the last moment you have this very complex mouth with all these bones that just opens up.

在最後一刻，牠有這種非常複雜的、由各種骨頭組成的嘴會張開。

So it closes that gap with the prey.

從而縮短與獵物之間的距離。

Uh or a lot quicker and a lot easier. 文法

呃，而且快得多，也容易得多。

Okay,

好的，

so he doesn't have to accelerate the mass of his whole body, 文法

所以牠不需要加速整個身體的質量，

just the front jaws.

只需要加速前面的下頜。

Just the jaws.

只有下頜。

And so when the jaws are thrown forward,

所以當頜部向前彈出時，

as Jamie explained,

就像 Jamie 解釋的那樣，

it's creating this huge volume,

它創造了巨大的空間體積，

and the water has to rush into it,

水必須湧入其中，

and then out through the gills.

然後透過鰓流出。

And so you get this suction feeding. 用詞

所以就實現了吸食。

That's awesome.

太酷了。

So yeah, so that's suction feeders,

是的，這就是吸食者（suction feeders），

ram feeders, you can call them.

或者你可以叫牠們撞擊捕食者（ram feeders）。

That was awesome, really.

那真是太酷了，真的。

Yeah.

是的。

Do office, do this?

所有的魚都這樣嗎？

No.

不是。

only a few fish actually suck their prey in,

只有一小部分魚實際上是把獵物吸進去的，

cuz these guys don't have teeth as such. 用詞

因為這些傢伙沒有那樣的牙齒。

Okay.

好的。

So teach me the terminology.

所以教我一下這些術語。

So there's the buccal cavity,

也就是 buccal cavity，

which is the mouth.

即嘴巴。

Yep.

是的。

They open the buccal cavity,

牠們打開口腔，

and then they open the gills.

然後打開鰓。

It's your opercular flap.

那是鰓蓋瓣。

So the gills are behind this flap.

所以鰓在這個鰓蓋後面。

So when that's closed off,

當鰓蓋閉合時，

the only entrance is in through the mouth.

唯一的入口是透過嘴巴。

Water sucks in,

水被吸進去，

and you got to get rid of it somewhere,

你必須找個地方把它排出去，

so you then open that out,

所以你再打開那個地方，

and it'll flow through the back here.

水就會從後面這裡流出去。

Because you have to dissipate momentum. 片語搭配

因為你必須消散動量。

Yep.

是的。

Okay.

好的。

James Cook University just taught me something about how fish eat.

James Cook University 剛才教了我關於魚是如何進食的知識。

And I'm assuming you

我猜你

Does this work on like your goldfish in your 用詞

這對你魚缸裡的金魚

like in your aquarium?

也會適用嗎？

Yeah, yeah, same sort of thing.

是的，是的，差不多一樣。

When you put the flakes in,

當你放入薄片魚飼料時，

you're going to see him open his mouth,

你會看到牠張開嘴，

and then open the operculum

然後打開鰓蓋，

and dissipate that over the pectoral fin.

把水流從胸鰭上方排出去。

Yeah,

是的，

you're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在變得更聰明。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

Have a good one.

祝你好運。

Have you caught anything yet? 文法

你釣到什麼了嗎？

No, sir.

沒有，先生。

Do you enjoy it anyway?

儘管如此你玩得開心嗎？

Yes, sir.

是的，先生。

Do you wish we had an audiobook to listen to? 文法

你希望我們有一本有聲書可以聽嗎？

Yes, sir.

是的，先生。

Which one?

哪一本？

Captain Nemo.

《尼莫船長》。

Pull, pull.

拉，拉。

Pull, son.

拉，兒子。

Pull it.

拉上來。

I got a fish.

我釣到一條魚了。

There you go.

幹得好。

Keep reeling it in. 講解

繼續收線。

All right.

好的。

Okay.

好的。

Uh

呃

He still has the worm in his mouth.

牠的嘴裡還有蟲子。

He does.

是的。

Let's let him eat that worm. 文法

讓我們讓牠把那條蟲子吃掉。

So this is what happens.

事情是這樣的。

He opens his mouth right here.

牠就在這裡張開嘴。

The water gets pulled into his mouth, 文法

水被吸進了牠的嘴裡，

and then he opens his gills after that,

然後牠張開了鰓，

and he shoots the water out of that.

然後把水從裡面噴出來。

Does that make sense?

聽得懂嗎？

Yes, sir.

懂了，先生。

Hold on tight. 片語動詞

抓緊了。

Don't be scared.

別害怕。

You ready?

準備好了嗎？

Now slowly let him back in the water.

現在慢慢把牠放回水裡。

There you go.

好的。

All right,

好了，

so that's how fish eat.

這就是魚進食的方式。

If you are interested in supporting more fishing trips and more episodes of Smarter Every Day,

如果你有興趣支持我們進行更多的釣魚之旅和製作更多 Smarter Every Day 的節目，

you can support us by going to audible.com/smarter and getting a free audiobook.

你可以造訪 audible.com/smarter 免費獲取一本有聲書來支持我們。

Does that sound good to you? 語氣意圖

這個聽起來不錯吧？

Yes, sir.

是的，先生。

What audiobook do you recommend?

你推薦哪本有聲書？

Um

嗯

20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.

《海底兩萬里》。

That's right.

沒錯。

Where do we listen to that?

我們在哪裡聽那本書呢？

In the car.

在車裡。

That's right.

沒錯。

So if you're interested in helping Smarter Every Day,

所以如果你有興趣幫助 Smarter Every Day，

go to audible.com/smarter,

請前往 audible.com/smarter，

download a free audiobook.

免費下載一本有聲書。

You can get 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea,

你可以獲得《海底兩萬里》，

and you can help Smarter Every Day.

還能幫助 Smarter Every Day。

It'd be a real good thing. 用詞

這會是一件大好事。

Anyway, thank you very much.

總之，非常感謝你。

Do you want to say thank you?

你想說聲謝謝嗎？

Thank you.

謝謝。

Anyway, I'm Destin.

總之，我是 Destin。

And bye.

拜拜。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在變得更聰明。

Have a good one.

祝你有美好的一天。