笑的科學 - 薩莎·溫克勒：英語精讀講義

例句中的 Isn't it odd that...? 主要有什麼作用？

1. 它要求聽者證明這個事實從未發生。
2. 它表示說話者認為這個事實完全正常。
3. 它表示說話者認為這個事實很奇怪，並邀請聽者思考。

例句中的 In other words, 有什麼作用？

1. 它表示前面的細節都是錯的。
2. 它把前面的細節重述成一個更清楚、更集中的問題。
3. 它引入一個無關的話題。

哪一句正確使用 -ing 片語來表示主要動作造成的結果？

1. The storm blocked the road, it forcing drivers to turn back.
2. The storm blocked the road, forcing drivers to turn back.
3. The storm blocked the road, forced drivers to turn back.

請用 emerge 加上表示「以某種形式或身分」的介系詞完成句子：After months of testing, the prototype began to ____ the team's most reliable design.

閱讀句子 "Maya practiced much more than she usually would before a small concert." would 後省略了哪個動作？

1. practice after the concert
2. practice before a small concert
3. only imagine practicing

問題 "So where does this funny phenomenon come from?" 在這段說明中有什麼作用？

1. 它總結所有資訊並結束討論。
2. 它詢問這種現象位於哪個國家。
3. 它把討論從笑對身體的影響轉向笑的起源。

這裡的 there's no archaeological record of laughter 是什麼意思？

1. 從來沒有人為笑聲製作過錄音。
2. 古人不知道怎麼笑。
3. 考古學沒有關於笑的直接實物證據。

把直接疑問改成間接疑問來完成句子。直接疑問：How and why did the pattern change? Researchers want to understand ____.

這句話對類似笑的行為作出了什麼暗示？

1. 人類不是動物。
2. 只有人類會表現出類似笑的行為。
3. 至少還有一些其他動物也會表現出類似笑的行為。

哪一句的句首 Using... 片語具有清楚的邏輯主詞？

1. Using a telescope, the moon looked brighter to Maya.
2. Using a telescope, Maya studied the moon.
3. Using a telescope, the night sky became easier to study.

用標示出的年代縮寫表達「1990 年代後期」，完成句子：The lab published its first results in ____.

哪一種理解最符合原句中的 were basically giggling？

1. 老鼠發出了與人類完全相同且一般人能聽到的聲音，沒有任何重要差異。
2. 與搔癢有關的發聲可以用白話描述為咯咯笑，但並不與人類的咯咯笑完全相同。
3. basically 描述的是替老鼠搔癢的一種簡單手法。

哪一個句子使用 have since... 表示在過去某件事之後、到現在為止取得的進展？

1. The lab will compile evidence after the next study.
2. The lab published its first result in 2018 and has since compiled evidence from five more studies.
3. Since the equipment was ready, the lab compiled the evidence in one afternoon.

哪一個句子把當地居民當作主要群體，同時把遊客當作數量較少的補充群體？

1. The guests were mostly local residents, and no tourists attended.
2. The guests were mostly local residents, but also some tourists.
3. The guests included local residents and tourists in equal numbers.

哪一項最準確地解釋 vocalize during social play？

1. 動物在社群媒體上玩遊戲。
2. 動物在互動玩耍時發出聲音。
3. 動物用完整的人類語言彼此交談。

請用標示的片語完成句子，表示確信程度逐漸提高：As Maya reviewed more evidence, she ____ that her backpack was still on the bus.

原句中的 great apes 指什麼？

1. 只有體型特別大或特別了不起的類人猿
2. 所有猴類和類人猿物種
3. 包括人類、黑猩猩、大猩猩和紅毛猩猩的生物分類群體

用本課所學的連字表達完成句子：The puppies make happy noises during ____.

哪一句審慎地提出了一種可能的過去起源及其功能？

1. This warning call developed to keep the group together.
2. This warning call may have originally developed to keep the group together.
3. This warning call may develop further as the habitat changes.

哪一句中的 signal 是表示「傳達」的及物動詞？

1. The receiver picked up a weak signal.
2. A red light can signal danger to drivers.
3. The hikers waited beside the signal.

用 don't just ... but also 完成句子：Good coaches ____ point out mistakes, ____ show players how to improve.

用 take on 的過去式完成句子：As the team grew, Maya ____ more responsibility.

哪一句表示圖書館既協助研究，也協助求職申請，並把範圍擴大到第二個領域？

1. The library offers help just with research, not with job applications.
2. The library offers help not with research, but with job applications.
3. The library offers help not just with research, but with job applications.

請用標示的搭配完成句子：A slight change in tone can ____ that careful listeners notice.

請用表示「通常被認為是」的被動片語完成句子：This ancient bridge ____ over eight hundred years old.

哪一句用 contagious 的比喻義表示某種情緒或行為會傳播並影響其他人？

1. Her enthusiasm was genuine, but she showed it only in private.
2. Her enthusiasm was contagious, and soon everyone wanted to help.
3. The infection was contagious, so the patient stayed home.

哪一句正確使用 be like an invitation to + 原形動詞來描述鼓勵他人行動的作用？

1. An open gate is like an invitation for explore the garden.
2. An open gate is like an invitation to explore the garden.
3. An open gate likes an invitation to explore the garden.

請用 share 和正確的介系詞完成句子，表達「一起感受這種情緒」：We all wanted to ____ her excitement after she won the race.

使用 Just 和 read 的 -ing 形式補全主詞：____ the message made Leo smile.

哪一句自然地使用 significantly 報告兩個比較結果？

1. The second group completed the task important faster and more accurately.
2. The second group significantly completed the task faster and more accurately.
3. The second group completed the task significantly faster and more accurately.

請用表示「儘管事實是……」的兩字連接詞完成句子：____ the road was icy, the bus arrived on time.

哪一句表達的是有線索支持的可能性，而不是已經確認的結論？

1. Researchers speculate that the cave was used for winter shelter.
2. Researchers proved that the cave was used for winter shelter.
3. Researchers know that the cave was used for winter shelter.

請用清楚的 not only as ... but also as 平行結構完成句子：The library functions ____ a place to borrow books, ____ a community center.

請用目標片語完成句子，強調年齡很小：Children ____ four can recognize the pattern.

用目標片語完成這個英文句子：Can you ____ a violin and a viola by sound alone?

用 just from 完成這個英文句子：She knew who had written the note ____ the handwriting.

哪一個句子在 tell 後使用了正確的間接疑問語序？

1. The scanner can tell whether the pass valid is or invalid.
2. The scanner can tell whether is the pass valid or invalid.
3. The scanner can tell whether the pass is valid or invalid.

哪一項最準確地解釋 volitional laughter？

1. volitional laughter 指由非常強烈的情緒引起的任何笑。
2. volitional laughter 指在有意識控制下刻意發出的笑。
3. volitional laughter 指會自動在人群中傳開的笑。

哪一種解釋最符合本句中 speech-like pathways 的意思？

1. 本身能夠說話的通路。
2. 以類似言語處理的方式運作的神經通路。
3. 通往人們說話地點的道路。

用 arise from 的正確形式完成句子：The delay ____ a software error.

這句話中的 not just ... it's also 有什麼作用？

1. 它提供笑具有社交重要性的第二個例子。
2. 它在社交重要性這個論點之後，再加入一項可能的健康益處。
3. 它否定笑具有社交重要性這個說法。

請用由 feel 和 good 組成、帶連字號的複合形容詞完成句子：We watched a ____ movie after dinner.

依照 decrease、levels、of 的順序完成句子：Regular exercise may ____ stress hormones.

使用 cope 及其必要的介系詞完成句子：A short walk can help me ____ stress after a difficult day.

本句中的 the best medicine 應該怎麼理解？

1. 它聲稱笑可以取代所有醫療方式。
2. 它呼應一個常見說法，表示笑能讓人感覺好一些。
3. 它指一種用笑製成的藥物。

請用 strengthen bonds 的正確形式完成句子：Regular family dinners can ____ between parents and children.

用 Whether ... depends on ... 完成句子：____ the match will happen ____ the weather.

請用表示「這是個可靠選擇」的固定表達完成推薦：For a simple gift, you ____ a box of chocolates.

請用表示「除非」的連接詞完成句子：We'll have the picnic ____ it rains.

請用表示「情況很嚴重，不能拿來開玩笑」的慣用語完成提醒：A gas leak is ____.

在「Certainly nothing to crack up about.」中，crack up 是什麼意思？前文提到 broken rib 又增添了什麼效果？

1. 它表示「笑得很厲害」，同時 crack 也讓人聯想到某樣東西裂開。
2. 它表示因為壓力而情緒失控。
3. 它表示修復骨折的肋骨，讓它癒合。

在「Laughter is an essential part of expressing ourselves, but what about more advanced means of communication?」中，what about 的主要作用是什麼？

1. 它要求聽眾為 laughter 這個字下定義。
2. 它引入說話者接下來要討論的相關主題。
3. 它表示說話者忘記了前面的主題。

使用 turn A into B 完成句子：The editor will ____ the rough notes ____ a clear article.

使用 hone + skill 完成句子，表達「透過練習提升我的寫作技巧」：I keep a daily journal to ____.

no laughing matter 在這句話中有什麼作用？

1. 它表示這些活動並不有趣。
2. 它強調這些活動確實有價值，同時呼應「笑」的主題。
3. 它告訴參與者禁止笑。

完成 bring A to B 結構：The library wants to ____ free science workshops ____ neighborhood schools.