徹底釐清英文文法難點：Since vs For，I have been vs I was：英語精讀講義

What's the difference between I have been and I was? 片語搭配

「I have been」和「I was」有什麼差別？

Between since and for?

「Since」和「For」之間呢？

And what about annoying and annoyed?

還有「annoying」和「annoyed」又該怎麼分？

Let's clear up all this confusion in just a few minutes. 片語動詞

讓我們在幾分鐘內徹底釐清這些困惑。

Let's start with I have been and I was.

先從「I have been」和「I was」開始。

Many English learners mix them up, but they express two different ideas. 片語動詞

很多英語學習者會混淆它們，但它們表達的是兩種不同的概念。

When you say I have been busy, 文法

當你說「I have been busy」（我一直很忙），

it means the action started before and continues now.

意思是動作從過去開始，一直持續到現在。

You're still busy.

你現在依然很忙。

It connects your past to your present.

它把你的過去和現在連結了起來。

For example, I have been tired all day means 文法

例如，「I have been tired all day」（我一整天都很累）意味著

even at this moment, you still feel tired.

即使此時此刻，你仍然感到疲憊。

But when you say I was busy, 文法

但當你說「I was busy」（我當時很忙），

you're talking about something that happened before and ended.

你是在談論以前發生並已經結束的事情。

It's in the past.

那是過去的事了。

For example, I was busy yesterday

例如，「I was busy yesterday」（我昨天很忙）

means that yesterday you had things to do, but now you're free.

意味著昨天你有事做，但現在你有空了。

The difference is simple, but powerful.

這個差別很簡單，但非常重要。

I have been means the effect continues,

「I have been」意味著影響還在持續，

while I was means it's finished.

而「I was」意味著事情已經結束。

Listen carefully.

仔細聽。

I have been hungry since morning 文法

「I have been hungry since morning」（我從早上餓到現在）

shows you're still hungry right now.

表示你現在還是很餓。

I was hungry in the morning

「I was hungry in the morning」（我早上很餓）

shows you already ate.

表示你已經吃過了。

One connects to now,

一個與現在有關聯，

the other doesn't.

另一個則沒有。

Now let's move on to since and for. 片語動詞

現在我們來看看「since」和「for」。

These two little words can be confusing,

這兩個小詞可能會讓人困惑，

but once you understand them, they're super easy.

但一旦你理解了，它們其實超級簡單。

Since talks about the time when something started.

「Since」談論的是事情開始的時間點。

For talks about how long it has continued.

「For」談論的是事情持續了多久。

If you say I have lived here since 2020, 文法

如果你說「I have lived here since 2020」（我自2020年起住在這裡），

you're telling me when you started living there.

你是在告訴我你是什麼時候開始住那裡的。

But if you say I have lived here for 5 years, 文法

但如果你說「I have lived here for 5 years」（我在這裡住了5年），

you're showing the duration, the length of time.

你是在展示時長，即時間的長度。

Think of since as a starting point, 片語搭配

要把「since」看作一個起點，

a date, a year, or a specific moment.

一個日期、年份或特定的時刻。

Think of for as a period,

要把「for」看作一個時段，

minutes, hours, days, months, or years.

幾分鐘、幾小時、幾天、幾個月或幾年。

Listen again.

再聽一遍。

I've known her since childhood

「I've known her since childhood」（我從童年起就認識她）

means I met her when I was a child and I still know her now.

意味著我在小時候遇見她，到現在還認識她。

I've known her for 10 years

「I've known her for 10 years」（我認識她10年了）

means the total duration of time is 10 years.

意味著總時長是10年。

So the easy rule is

所以簡單的規則是：

since equals when it began.

「Since」等於何時開始。

For equals how long it lasted.

「For」等於持續了多久。

But here's something people often forget.

但這有一點人們經常忘記。

You always use since and for with perfect tenses,

你總是要在完成式中使用「since」和「for」，

especially the present perfect.

特別是現在完成式。

You say, I've been waiting for an hour 文法

你會說，「I've been waiting for an hour」（我等了一個小時）

or I've been waiting since 5:00.

或者「I've been waiting since 5:00」（我從5點等到現在）。

Both are correct, but not I waited since. 文法

這兩個都是對的，但不能說「I waited since」。

That's wrong.

那是錯的。

Keep that in mind when you speak.

說話時請記住這一點。

Finally, let's talk about annoying and annoyed. 文法

最後，我們來談談「annoying」和「annoyed」。

They look similar, but they describe different feelings and situations.

它們看起來很像，但描述的是不同的感受和情況。

Annoying describes the thing that causes the feeling. 文法

「Annoying」描述的是引起這種感覺的事物。

Annoyed describes the person who feels it. 文法

「Annoyed」描述的是感受到這種情緒的人。

For example, that noise is annoying.

例如，「That noise is annoying」（那個噪音很煩人）。

The noise is the thing that causes irritation.

噪音是引起煩躁的事物。

I am annoyed by the noise. 片語搭配

「I am annoyed by the noise」（我對噪音感到厭煩）。

I'm the one feeling irritated.

我才是那個感到煩躁的人。

Easy, right?

簡單吧？

The -ing form shows the source of the emotion 文法

-ing 形式表示情緒的來源，

and the -ed form shows the receiver of that emotion.

-ed 形式表示情緒的接受者。

Here's another example.

再舉個例子。

The movie was boring

「The movie was boring」（電影很無聊）

means the movie caused the feeling.

意思是電影引起了這種感覺。

I was bored

「I was bored」（我感到無聊）

means I felt that emotion.

意思是我感受到了那種情緒。

So when you want to describe something that makes you feel a certain way,

所以當你想要描述讓你產生某種感覺的事物時，

use the -ing adjective.

使用 -ing 結尾的形容詞。

Annoying, boring, tiring, exciting.

Annoying（煩人的）、boring（無聊的）、tiring（累人的）、exciting（令人興奮的）。

But when you want to describe your emotion,

但當你想要描述你的情緒時，

use the -ed adjective.

使用 -ed 結尾的形容詞。

Annoyed, bored, tired, excited.

Annoyed（煩躁的）、bored（無聊的）、tired（累的）、excited（興奮的）。

Listen carefully to the difference.

仔細聽這個差別。

My job is tiring

「My job is tiring」（我的工作很累人）

means the job makes me feel tired.

意味著工作讓我感到累。

I am tired

「I am tired」（我很累）

means I feel the result of it.

意味著我感受到了那個結果。

My friend is interesting

「My friend is interesting」（我的朋友很有趣）

means my friend makes me curious.

意味著我的朋友讓我感到好奇。

I am interested

「I am interested」（我很感興趣）

means I feel curious.

意味著我感到好奇。

The same pattern works for almost all emotion-related adjectives.

同樣的模式適用於幾乎所有與情緒相關的形容詞。

Let's review quickly.

讓我們快速複習一下。

I have been means something started in the past and continues now.

「I have been」意味著某事從過去開始並持續到現在。

While I was means something happened in the past and ended.

而「I was」意味著某事發生在過去並且已經結束。

Since is for the starting time,

「Since」用於開始的時間，

for is for the duration.

「For」用於持續的時長。

And annoying describes the thing that causes the feeling,

還有，「annoying」描述的是引起感覺的事物，

while annoyed describes the person who feels it.

而「annoyed」描述的是感受到它的人。

Simple, right?

很簡單，對吧？

If you can remember these small details,

如果你能記住這些小細節，

your English will sound much more natural and accurate. 片語搭配

你的英語聽起來會自然和準確得多。

So next time someone asks, "Why are you tired?"

所以下次有人問，「Why are you tired?」（你為什麼累？）

you can say, "I have been working all day." 文法

你可以說，「I have been working all day.」（我一直在工作。）

Not I was working unless your work is finished. 文法

不要說「I was working」，除非你的工作已經做完了。

And if the traffic is making too much noise,

如果交通噪音太大了，

say, "That sound is annoying." 文法

說，「That sound is annoying.」（那個聲音很煩人。）

Not I am annoying.

不要說「I am annoying」。

Remember, I am annoyed, not I am annoying. 文法

記住，是「I am annoyed」（我感到煩），而不是「I am annoying」（我很煩人）。

Words may look similar, but their meanings are completely different.

單字可能看起來很像，但意思完全不同。

Mastering small grammar details like these

掌握像這樣的小文法細節，

is what makes your English smooth and professional. 文法

能讓你的英語流暢且專業。

If you found this helpful, repeat after me.

如果你覺得這支影片有幫助，請跟著我唸。

I have been learning English for 5 minutes 文法

「I have been learning English for 5 minutes」

since this video started.

「since this video started.」

That sentence includes both have been,

這句話包含了「have been」、

for, and since.

「for」以及「since」。

Congratulations.

恭喜。

You just practiced all three in one sentence.

你剛剛在一個句子裡練習了這三個知識點。

Keep practicing every day

堅持每天練習，

and soon you'll never confuse these phrases again.

很快你就再也不會搞混這些短語了。