團結對抗食物浪費 - 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from the BBC.

BBC的《6分鐘英語》。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是BBC英語教學的《6分鐘英語》。

I'm Neil.

我是尼爾。

And I'm Sam.

我是薩姆。

Does this situation sound familiar to you, Sam? 片語搭配

薩姆，這個場景聽起來對你來說熟悉嗎？

You reach into the kitchen refrigerator looking for something to eat,

你伸手去廚房的冰箱裡找點吃的，

only to find a brown lettuce, 文法

結果只找到一顆發褐的生菜、

a sad-looking cucumber, 用詞

一根可憐巴巴的小黃瓜，

and some 2-week old fish all past its use-by date. 用詞

還有一大些過了保存期限兩週的魚。

The date printed on the food containers

印在食品包裝盒上的那個日期

showing how long it is safe to eat.

標示著在此之前食用是安全的。

Oh, I'm guilty of wasting food, Neil. 片語搭配

噢，我也有浪費食物的罪惡感，尼爾。

Me and many others.

我和許多其他人一樣。

According to the UN,

根據聯合國的數據，

1/3 of the food we grow ends up in the rubbish bin. 片語動詞

我們種植的食物中有三分之一最終進了垃圾桶。

And it's not just food that's wasted.

被浪費的不僅僅是食物。

It's also the resources used to produce that food.

還有用於生產這些食物的資源。

Things like water, land, and transport.

比如水、土地和運輸。

In this program, 表達脈絡

在本期節目中，

we'll be talking about food waste.

我們將討論食物浪費問題。

We'll meet the people trying to stop us from throwing good food away, 片語動詞

我們會見見那些試圖阻止我們扔掉好食物的人，

and as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.

而且和往常一樣，我們還會學習一些新詞彙。

Here in the UK,

在英國，

big supermarkets import food from abroad for customers to enjoy all year round. 片語搭配

大超市從國外進口食品，讓顧客全年都能享用。

Summer fruit like strawberries and mangoes are flown in from tropical countries 片語動詞

像草莓和芒果這樣的夏季水果從熱帶國家空運過來

and sold in winter,

並在冬天出售，

increasing carbon emissions as well as waste. 用詞

這增加了碳排放以及浪費。

Yes, that's why you hear the phrase eat local, 文化背景

是的，這就是為什麼你會聽到「吃在地，

eat seasonal to encourage people to buy and eat food

吃當季」這句話，以鼓勵人們購買和食用

which has been grown in their local area

在他們當地種植的、

at that time of year.

適合那個時節的食物。

So, Sam, my question is,

那麼，薩姆，我的問題是，

which of the following foods can be grown in Britain

下列哪種食物可以在英國

throughout the year?

全年種植？

Is it A, strawberries,

是A，草莓，

B, kale, or C, rhubarb?

B，羽衣甘藍，還是C，大黃？

Hmm, it's definitely not strawberries

嗯，絕對不是草莓，

cuz they only grow in summer.

因為它們只在夏天生長。

So, I'll say B, kale. 語氣意圖

所以我猜是B，羽衣甘藍。

Okay, I'll reveal the answer later.

好的，我稍後會公布答案。

We've talked about supermarkets in Britain, 表達脈絡

我們談論了英國的超市，

but food waste is happening all over the world.

但食物浪費在世界各地都在發生。

In Puerto Rico, too,

在波多黎各也是如此，

most people shop in supermarkets,

大多數人在超市購物，

making it difficult for farmers to choose what to sell 文法

這使得農民很難選擇要賣什麼

and how much to charge for their fruit and vegetables.

以及為他們的水果和蔬菜定多少價。

Josefina Arcay is a farmer

約瑟菲娜·阿爾凱是一位農民，

who wanted to make it easier for customers to buy local food.

她想讓顧客更容易買到當地食物。

She started an online shop to connect shoppers with farmers directly, 片語搭配

她開了一家網店，直接把顧客和農民聯繫起來，

without the supermarkets.

繞開超市。

Here, Josefina explains her project to Jo Mathys,

在這裡，約瑟菲娜向喬·馬蒂斯解釋了她的項目，

reporter for BBC World Service program People Fixing the World.

喬是BBC世界服務節目《修復世界的人》的記者。

So, Josefina, that's the farmer who we heard earlier

那麼，約瑟菲娜就是我們剛才聽到的

growing those giant avocados.

種植那些巨型酪梨的農民。

She used to have to sell her crops to these kind of middlemen. 文法

她過去不得不把農作物賣給這類中間商。

We had a lot of

我們有很多

I don't know how you call carreros...

我不知道你們怎麼稱呼「卡車攤販」……

It's just people that have a big truck,

就是那些開著大卡車的人，

and they will just come by 片語動詞

他們會順道過來

and they will say, "What do you have?

然後說：「你有什麼？

Oh, that's too expensive.

哦，那太貴了。

Very expensive.

非常貴。

I want it half that price." 片語搭配

我要以一半的價格收購。」

So, I didn't have any way of controlling 片語搭配

所以我沒有任何辦法控制

how I was going to sell.

我的銷售方式。

It just depended on these people coming. 文法

這完全取決於這些人來不來。

And a lot of these carreros

而且很多這些「卡車攤販」

are kind of commissioned by the supermarkets.

有點像是受超市委託的。

All this leads to food waste 表達脈絡

所有這些都導致了食物浪費，

because it's really hard for farmers like Josefina,

因為對像約瑟菲娜這樣的農民來說，

to predict which crops they're going to be able to sell.

很難預測他們能賣出哪些農作物。

Josefina used to sell her food to carreros or middlemen, 用詞

約瑟菲娜過去常把食物賣給「卡車攤販」或中間商，

people who buy food directly from the grower

他們是直接從種植者那裡購買食物

and make money by selling it on to customers. 片語動詞

然後轉賣給顧客以賺取利潤的人。

Josefine had no control over what to sell, 片語搭配

約瑟菲娜無法控制要賣什麼，

and a lot of her food went to waste. 片語搭配

她很多食物都浪費掉了。

Usually, middlemen are commissioned. 用詞

通常，中間商是受委託的。

They received a payment from the supermarkets

他們從超市那裡收到一筆報酬，

directly related to the amount they sell.

報酬與他們的銷售量直接掛鉤。

But, with Josefina's online shop,

但是，有了約瑟菲娜的網店，

farmers get a fair price for their food,

農民們為他們的食物獲得了公平的價格，

customers get high quality fresh vegetables,

顧客得到了高品質的新鮮蔬菜，

and less food is wasted.

食物浪費也減少了。

Another problem is that we throw away food

另一個問題是我們買完食物後

after we've bought it.

又把它扔掉。

In fact, the UN estimates that 60%

事實上，聯合國估計60%的

of food waste happens in this way,

食物浪費就是這樣發生的，

often because it's past the use-by date

通常是因為它過了保存期限，

and might not be safe to eat.

可能食用不安全。

But, according to green designer Solveiga Pakstaite, 用詞

但是，據綠色設計師索爾維加·帕克斯泰特說，

these use-by dates aren't always accurate,

這些保存期限並不總是準確的，

something she discussed with BBC World Service's

這是她與BBC世界服務節目的

People Fixing the World.

《修復世界的人》討論的事情。

Well, food makers don't know how people will keep their products.

嗯，食品製造商不知道人們將如何保存他們的產品。

So, for instance, they might forget to put their groceries 片語搭配

所以，例如，人們回家後可能忘記把買來的東西

straight in the fridge when they get home.

直接放進冰箱。

So, what they do is they calculate the use-by date 文法

所以，他們所做的就是計算保存期限

using a very cautious estimate. 用詞

採用非常謹慎的估算。

Food producers and supermarkets,

食品生產商和超市，

they kind of have to calculate it to the worst-case scenario 用詞

他們在某種程度上必須按最壞的情況來計算，

because they don't know which product is going to get stored 文法

因為他們不知道哪個產品會被儲存在

at the wrong temperature.

錯誤的溫度下。

So, they have to blanket apply a shorter date 用詞

所以，他們不得不一刀切地應用一個較短的日期，

to protect consumers.

以保護消費者。

Supermarkets set cautious use-by dates for the worst-case scenario.

超市為了最壞的情況設定了謹慎的保存期限。

The worst case that could possibly happen in a situation,

最壞的情況可能是一種情況下可能發生的最糟狀況，

for example, someone getting sick and dying of food poisoning.

比如，有人因為食物中毒而生病甚至死亡。

In other words, they blanket apply use-by dates. 表達脈絡

換句話說，他們一刀切地應用保存期限。

Here, blanket is an adverb

在這裡，「一刀切地」是個副詞，

meaning applied in the same way to everything,

意思是「以同樣的方式應用於所有事物」，

even when there are differences between those things.

即使這些事物之間存在差異。

Doing this protects customers from bad food,

這樣做雖然保護了顧客免受變質食物的傷害，

but it also means a lot of safe-to-eat food gets thrown away. 用詞

但也意味著大量安全可食用的食物被扔掉了。

Maybe it's best to stick to local seasonal food after all. 片語動詞

也許堅持吃在地當季食物終究是最好的選擇。

Anyway, Neil, what was the answer to your question?

話說回來，尼爾，你剛才那個問題的答案是什麼？

Right. I asked you which food could be grown in Britain

對了。我問你下列哪種食物能在英國

all year round.

全年種植。

You said kale,

你說羽衣甘藍，

which was the correct answer.

這是正確答案。

Uh-huh.

嗯哼。

Unlike strawberries and rhubarb, kale grows in all seasons. 表達脈絡

與草莓和大黃不同，羽衣甘藍一年四季都生長。

And what's more, it's good for you, too. 表達脈絡

而且，它對你的身體也有好處。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned

好的，讓我們複習一下我們學過的詞彙，

starting with use-by date,

從保存期限開始，

the date until which food is safe to eat.

即在此日期之前食用是安全的日期。

The slogan eat local, eat seasonal

「吃在地，吃當季」這個口號

encourages people to buy food

鼓勵人們購買

which has been grown locally during the current season.

在當前季節於當地種植的食物。

A middleman buys produce directly from the producer

中間商直接從生產商那裡購買農產品，

before selling it on to customers for a profit.

然後轉賣給顧客以獲取利潤。

If he is commissioned,

如果他是受委託的，

he received a payment directly related to the amount he sells.

他將收到一筆與他的銷售量直接掛鉤的報酬。

The worst-case scenario describes the most serious unpleasant thing

最壞的情況描述的是在某個情況下

that could happen in a situation.

可能發生的最嚴重、最令人不快的事情。

And finally, the adverb blanket

最後，副詞「一刀切地」

means applied in the same uniform way to everything,

意思是「以同樣統一的方式應用於所有事物」，

even when there are differences between those things.

即使這些事物之間存在差異。

Bye for now.

暫且再見。

Bye-bye.

再見。

6 Minute English from the BBC.

BBC的《6分鐘英語》。