抵抗希特勒的秘密學生組織 - 伊索爾特·吉萊斯皮 (Iseult Gillespie)：英語精讀講義

In 1943, Allied aircraft swooped over Nazi Germany,

1943年，盟軍飛機呼嘯著飛越納粹德國上空，

raining tens of thousands of leaflets on people below. 慣用語

向底下的人們投下數以萬計的傳單。

Written by anonymous Germans, the leaflets urged readers to renounce Hitler, 講解

這些傳單由匿名德國人撰寫，敦促讀者譴責希特勒，

to fight furiously for the future, and to never give up hope. 片語搭配

為未來奮力拼搏，永不放棄希望。

Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses, 講解

他們的行動號召在各個家庭和企業中激起漣漪，

and news of their message even reached concentration camps and prisons.

其訊息甚至傳到了集中營和監獄。

It was only after the war had ended 文法

直到戰爭結束之後，

that the authors' identities, stories,

作者們的身分、故事，

and tragic fate would come to light. 慣用語

以及悲慘的命運才為人所知。

When Hitler seized power 10 years earlier, 片語搭配

在10年前希特勒奪取政權時，

Hans and Sophie Scholl were teenagers in the town of Forchtenberg.

漢斯·蕭爾和蘇菲·蕭爾還是福希滕貝格鎮的青少年。

At that time,

當時，

fear, propaganda, and surveillance

恐懼、政治宣傳和監控

kept all aspects of life for the Scholl family 文法

使蕭爾一家的生活方方面面，

and millions of other Germans under Nazi control.

連同數百萬其他德國人，都被置於納粹的控制之下。

The government specifically targeted young people,

政府專門針對年輕人，

setting up institutions to regulate their behavior and police their thoughts. 講解

設立機構來規範他們的行為並控制他們的思想。

As teenagers,

在青少年時期，

Hans was a member of the Hitler Youth, 文化背景

漢斯是希特勒青年團的成員，

and Sophie joined the League of German Girls. 文化背景

蘇菲加入了德國少女聯盟。

Hans rose through the ranks 慣用語

漢斯職位不斷晉升，

and oversaw the training and indoctrination of other young people. 用詞

並負責監督其他年輕人的訓練和灌輸思想工作。

In 1936,

1936年，

he was chosen to carry the flag at a national rally.

他被選中在一次全國集會上舉旗。

But when he witnessed the zeal of Nazi rhetoric,

但當他目睹了納粹極端狂熱的言論時，

he began to question it for the first time. 用詞

他第一次開始對其產生質疑。

Meanwhile,

與此同時，

Sophie was also starting to doubt the information she was being fed. 慣用語

蘇菲也開始懷疑她所接收到的資訊。

Their parents, Robert and Magdalena,

他們的父母，羅伯特和馬格達萊娜，

who had feared they were losing their children to Nazi ideology, 慣用語

一直擔心自己的孩子會被納粹思想毒害，

encouraged these misgivings. 用詞

於是鼓勵了孩子們的這種疑慮。

At home,

在家裡，

Robert and Magdalena listened to foreign radio stations 文法

羅伯特和馬格達萊娜收聽外國廣播電台，

the government first discouraged and later banned.

這些電台最初不被政府鼓勵，後來乾脆被封禁。

While the government churned out national broadcasts 片語動詞

當政府大量炮製全國廣播

which denied Nazi atrocities, 用詞

否認納粹暴行時，

the Scholls learned shocking truths.

蕭爾一家卻了解到了令人震驚的真相。

And yet they were still subject to the rules of life in Hitler's Germany. 講解

然而，他們仍然受制於希特勒治下德國的生活規則。

After the outbreak of war,

戰爭爆發後，

Sophie reluctantly worked for the national effort,

蘇菲不情願地為國家效力，

and Hans had to take on army duties 片語動詞

而漢斯不得不在承擔軍隊職責的同時

while attending medical school in Munich. 文法

還要在慕尼黑上醫學院。

That was where Hans met Christoph Probst,

正是在那裡，漢斯遇到了克里斯托夫·普羅布斯特、

Willi Graf, and Alexander Schmorell.

維利·格拉夫和亞歷山大·施莫雷爾。

Day by day,

日復一日，

each grew more sickened by Nazi ideology. 文法

每個人對納粹思想越來越感到厭惡。

They longed to share their views,

他們渴望分享自己的觀點，

but how could they spread them 表達脈絡

但是他們要如何傳播這些觀點呢，

when it was impossible to know who to trust?

畢竟根本不知道該信任誰？

And so, 表達脈絡

於是，

the friends decided to rebel anonymously.

這幾個朋友決定以匿名方式反抗。

They pooled their money and bought printing materials. 片語搭配

他們湊錢買了一些印刷材料。

An acquaintance let them use a cellar under his studio. 文法

一個熟人讓他們使用他工作室下面的地窖。

In secret,

在暗地裡，

they began drafting their message.

他們開始起草反抗訊息。

In June 1942,

1942年6月，

mysterious anti-Nazi leaflets began appearing all over Munich.

神秘的反納粹傳單開始出現在慕尼黑各地。

They were signed, "The White Rose." 文化背景

傳單署名為「白玫瑰」。

The first leaflet denounced Hitler

第一張傳單譴責了希特勒，

and called for Germans to sabotage the war effort. 片語搭配

並呼籲德國人破壞戰爭行動。

"Adopt passive resistance. 用詞

「採取消極抵抗。

Block the functioning of this atheistic war machine 慣用語

阻礙這台無神論戰爭機器的運轉，

before it is too late, 表達脈絡

在一切太遲之前，

before the last city is a heap of rubble,

在最後一座城市淪為廢墟之前，

before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death.

在我們國家最後一名青年流血致死之前。

Don't forget that each people gets the government it deserves." 慣用語

不要忘記，每個民族都會得到它應得的政府。」

At a time when a sarcastic remark could constitute treason, 講解

在哪怕是一句諷刺的話也能構成叛國罪的時代，

this language was unprecedented.

這種語言簡直是史無前例。

It was written mostly by Hans Scholl.

這些傳單主要由漢斯·蕭爾執筆。

In 1942,

1942年，

Sophie came to Munich

蘇菲來到慕尼黑，

knowing nothing of her brother's activities. 文法

對她哥哥的活動一無所知。

She soon encountered the leaflets at school,

她很快在學校裡看到了這些傳單，

but it was not until she discovered evidence in Hans's room 文法

但直到她在漢斯的房間裡發現了證據，

that she realized who'd written them.

她才意識到這是誰寫的。

Her shock soon gave way to resolve. 慣用語

她的震驚很快轉化為決心。

She wanted in. 用詞

她想加入。

For both siblings,

對兄妹倆來說，

it was time to escalate the fury 片語搭配

是時候升級那種

that had been brewing for years. 慣用語

醞釀多年的憤怒了。

From June 1942 to February 1943,

從1942年6月到1943年2月，

the group worked feverishly.

這個小組狂熱地工作著。

While the Gestapo searched for leads,

在蓋世太保尋找線索的同時，

the White Rose were constantly on guard. 片語搭配

白玫瑰始終保持警惕。

The war raged on.

戰爭還在繼續。

Regulations tightened,

管制更加嚴格，

and Munich suffered air raids,

慕尼黑也遭到了空襲，

but the White Rose ventured deeper into conspiracy. 慣用語

但白玫瑰卻向陰謀的更深處邁進。

They graffitied buildings

他們在建築物上塗鴉，

and braved trains swarming with Gestapo. 用詞

並冒著危險乘坐擠滿蓋世太保的火車。

In the winter of 1942,

1942年冬天，

Hans made a treacherous journey to the Czechoslovakian border

漢斯冒著極大危險踏上了前往捷克斯洛伐克邊境的旅程，

to meet anti-Nazi rebels.

去會見反納粹抵抗者。

On February 18th, 1943,

1943年2月18日，

Sophie and Hans brought a suitcase of leaflets to their university.

蘇菲和漢斯帶著一滿手提箱的傳單來到他們的大學。

A custodian noticed what they were doing

一名管理員注意到了他們的舉動，

and reported them to the Gestapo. 片語搭配

並向蓋世太保舉報了他們。

Both calmly denied any involvement 片語搭配

兩人平靜地否認參與了任何事情，

until the police gathered all the leaflets

直到警察收集了所有的傳單，

and placed them back in the empty case,

然後把它們放回那個空箱子裡，

where they fit perfectly.

結果竟然嚴絲合縫。

When Hans and Sophie confessed,

漢斯和蘇菲坦白後，

they were immediately led to court

立即被帶上法庭，

and sentenced to death by guillotine. 用詞

並被判處斷頭台死刑。

Despite a grueling interrogation, 文法

儘管經歷了嚴酷的審訊，

the two refused to betray their co-conspirators. 片語搭配

這兩人仍拒絕出賣他們的同謀。

Before her execution,

在行刑前，

Sophie declared her fury at the state of her country, 用詞

蘇菲表達了她對國家現狀的憤怒，

but she also spoke to a more hopeful future. 片語動詞

但她也談到了一個更充滿希望的未來。

"How can we expect righteousness to prevail 表達脈絡

「怎麼能指望正義占上風呢，

when there is hardly anyone willing to give himself up individually to a righteous cause? 講解

當幾乎沒有人願意為了正義的事業而犧牲自己時？

Such a fine sunny day,

這麼晴朗的陽光，

and I have to go.

而我卻要走了。

But what does my death matter 表達脈絡

但是我的死又有什麼關係呢，

if through us

如果透過我們

thousands of people are awakened and stirred to action?" 片語搭配

能喚醒成千上萬的人並激發他們行動起來？」

Ever wondered how Hitler rose to power

曾經好奇過希特勒最初是如何

in the first place?

奪取政權的嗎？

Find out with this video.

看看這個影片了解一下吧。

Or,

或者，

for more gut-wrenching bravery and subterfuge,

如果想了解更多驚心動魄的勇氣與隱密行動，

check out this lesson on Harriet Tubman,

請觀看這期關於哈莉特·塔布曼的課程，

liberator of enslaved peoples,

她是被奴役人民的解放者，

and secret general in the Union Army.

也是聯邦軍的秘密將領。