為什麼這麼多CEO都來自印度：英語精讀講義

Google, Adobe, Microsoft and IBM are all run by people who grew up in India.

Google、Adobe、微軟和 IBM 都是由在印度長大的人來經營。

The latest to join these ranks is Twitter's CEO Parag Agrawal, 慣用語

最新加入這個行列的是 Twitter 執行長 Parag Agrawal，

who took over from Jack Dorsey. 片語動詞

他接替了 Jack Dorsey。

People originally from India make up 1% of the total US population, 片語動詞

原籍印度的移民佔美國總人口的 1%，

yet about 6% of Silicon Valley's workforce.

卻佔了矽谷勞動力的約 6%。

So,

那麼，

why are there so many tech CEOs who hail from India? 片語搭配

為什麼有這麼多來自印度的科技公司 CEO？

When Satya Nadella took over as CEO of Microsoft in 2014,

當 Satya Nadella 在 2014 年接任微軟 CEO 時，

the company was in bad shape. 慣用語

公司的狀況很糟糕。

Bill Gates was reportedly an angry and difficult boss.

據說比爾·蓋茲是一個愛發脾氣、很難相處的老板。

His successor, Steve Ballmer,

他的繼任者 Steve Ballmer，

apparently wasn't any better.

顯然也好不到哪裡去。

Microsoft was also a dinosaur. 慣用語

微軟當時也像是一頭恐龍。

It had failed to innovate.

它缺乏創新。

For example, it lost the smartphone battle to Apple. 慣用語

比如，它在智慧型手機大戰中輸給了蘋果。

Along comes Nadella, 表達脈絡

然後 Nadella 出現了，

an engineer who rose through the ranks of Microsoft to become the CEO. 慣用語

他是一位從微軟基層晉升為 CEO 的工程師。

Nadella changed the culture of the company.

Nadella 改變了公司的文化。

He made it clear anger and yelling weren't welcome. 文法

他明確表示，憤怒和咆哮在這裡不受歡迎。

He also sought to make Microsoft relevant.

他還試圖讓微軟重新獲得競爭力。

We now need to make Microsoft thrive in a mobile-first and cloud-first world. 用詞

我們現在需要讓微軟在行動優先和雲端優先的世界中蓬勃發展。

Under his direction,

在他的領導下，

Microsoft moved its software to non-Windows devices and expanded its cloud business, Azure.

微軟將其軟體引入了非 Windows 裝置，並擴展了其雲端業務 Azure。

That innovative spirit of problem solving was bred in his native country.

這種解決問題的創新精神，正是在他的祖國孕育的。

India is home to nearly 1.4 billion people. 片語搭配

印度擁有近 14 億人口。

It's the second most populous country on Earth after China

它是地球上人口第二多的國家，僅次於中國，

and is expected to overtake China as the most populous country in a few years. 文法

並有望在幾年內超過中國，成為人口最多的國家。

Although India has made remarkable progress, 文法

儘管印度取得了顯著的進步，

poverty is still a major challenge.

但貧困仍然是一個重大挑戰。

Nearly a quarter of the population lives below the poverty line of $1.90 a day, 文化背景

近四分之一的人口生活在每天 1.90 美元的貧窮線以下，

according to the United Nations Development Program.

根據聯合國開發計畫署的數據。

They face corruption, poor infrastructure,

他們面臨腐敗、糟糕的基礎設施，

and limited opportunities.

以及有限的機會。

So,

因此，

they learn to be resilient, adapt,

他們學會了堅韌、適應，

and overcome endless obstacles.

並克服無盡的障礙。

This leads them to be problem solvers, 文法

這使得他們成為解決問題的高手，

a key asset in any corporation.

也是任何公司的關鍵資產。

Sundar Pichai has had to solve many problems after taking over at the helm of Google in 2015. 慣用語

Sundar Pichai 在 2015 年接任 Google 掌門人後，不得不解決許多問題。

At a time when Big Tech is being scrutinized over the power they hold. 用詞

當時正值科技巨頭因其擁有的權力而受到審查之際。

He became the archetype of a kinder, calmer, gentler leader in tech.

他成了科技界更善良、更冷靜、更溫和的領導者的典範。

Pichai earned an engineering degree at one of the Indian Institutes of Technology.

Pichai 在印度理工學院之一獲得了工程學位。

The IITs are kind of like the Indian equivalent of MIT with an even lower acceptance rate, 文化背景

IIT 有點像印度的麻省理工學院（MIT），但錄取率更低，

reportedly of 1% or 2%.

據報導只有 1% 或 2%。

After Pichai graduated,

Pichai 畢業後，

his ticket to America came in the form of a master's at Stanford. 慣用語

史丹佛大學的碩士學位成了他通往美國的門票。

Going to a top grad school in the States

去美國讀頂尖的研究所

is how many Indians land up in the land of opportunity. 講解

是許多印度人來到這片充滿機會的土地的方式。

They appear to follow this well-trodden path. 慣用語

他們似乎遵循著這條熟門熟路的軌跡。

They did their undergrad at a great school in India,

他們在印度的一所優秀學校讀大學，

got a master's in the US,

在美國獲得碩士學位，

where they studied STEM, 文化背景

在那裡他們學習了 STEM，

science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

即科學、技術、工程和數學。

More than half of all international students in America pursued a STEM degree in the past academic year.

在過去的學年裡，美國超過一半的國際學生攻讀了 STEM 學位。

American immigration favors people with specialized skills.

美國的移民政策青睞擁有專業技能的人。

After Pichai graduated,

Pichai 畢業後，

he went on an H-1B visa to work at consulting firm McKinsey. 文化背景

他憑藉 H-1B 簽證去了顧問公司麥肯錫工作。

The H-1B allows American companies to employ foreign workers,

H-1B 簽證允許美國公司僱用外籍員工，

many of whom are in IT-related fields. 文法

其中許多人從事 IT 相關領域。

The US government awarded nearly 75% of these visas to Indians in 2020.

2020 年，美國政府將近 75% 的此類簽證發給了印度人。

In comparison, China trailed far behind in second at 12%. 片語搭配

相比之下，中國以 12% 遠遠落後，位居第二。

The fact that so many Indians can speak English is a tremendous advantage in the West,

這麼多印度人會說英語，這在西方是一個巨大的優勢，

and they're comfortable with American business culture,

而且他們對美國的商業文化感到適應，

possibly because it mirrors the thriving IT industry back home in Bangalore, Chennai, and Hyderabad.

這可能是因為它與班加羅爾、清奈和海得拉巴國內蓬勃發展的 IT 產業相呼應。

They're also more likely to want to work overseas.

他們也更有可能想要出國工作。

80% of Chinese international students return to China after graduating,

80%的中國留學生畢業後回國，

according to China's Ministry of Education.

根據中國教育部的說法。

Chinese entrepreneurs prefer starting their own companies at home.

中國企業家更喜歡在國內創辦自己的公司。

Alibaba is known as the Amazon of China. 表達脈絡

阿里巴巴被稱為中國的亞馬遜。

Tencent owns the messaging app WeChat,

騰訊擁有通訊應用程式 WeChat，

used by 1.2 billion people.

用戶達 12 億。

Huawei is one of the giants of the tech industry.

華為是科技產業的巨頭之一。

China's transition from a manufacturing hub to a tech hotbed has largely been driven by government policy. 講解

中國從製造業中心向科技熱點的轉變，很大程度上是由政府政策推動的。

In the late 70s,

在 70 年代末，

Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping encouraged foreign businesses to set up offices in China, 片語動詞

中國領導人鄧小平鼓勵外國企業在中國設立辦事處，

which fostered a startup environment.

這培養了創業環境。

On the other hand, 表達脈絡

另一方面，

India has a problem of too much talent leaving the country for good. 慣用語

印度面臨著過多人才永久流失國外的問題。

It has the highest number of migrants living abroad at 17 and a half million,

它的海外移民人數最多，達到 1750 萬，

according to the UN.

根據聯合國的數據。

And more Indians gave up their passports to become naturalized American citizens in 2020 than the Chinese, 文化背景

而且在 2020 年，放棄護照入籍成為美國公民的印度人比中國人還多，

continuing the trend from past years.

延續了過去幾年的趨勢。

However,

然而，

the brain drain from India may be starting to recede. 文化背景

印度的人才流失可能開始減少。

An increasing number of home-grown Indian startups are becoming unicorns, 文化背景

越來越多的本土印度新創公司正在成為獨角獸，

meaning the companies are valued at $1 billion or more.

意味著這些公司的估值達到 10 億美元或以上。

The data platform Tracxn tells NewsThink India created 47 unicorns in 2021,

數據平台 Tracxn 告訴 NewsThink，印度在 2021 年創造了 47 家獨角獸企業，

a significant jump from the 17 in 2020 and even less in years past. 片語搭配

比 2020 年的 17 家大幅躍升，甚至比過去幾年更多。

The tech ecosystem is being bolstered by powerful investment firms such as SoftBank that have been pumping money into Indian startups. 慣用語

包括軟銀在內的強大投資公司一直在向印度新創企業注入資金，從而支持了這裡的科技生態系統。

But in order to entice more people to remain in their native country, 片語搭配

但是，為了吸引更多的人留在他們的祖國，

salaries will have to catch up with those in the West. 片語動詞

薪水必須趕上西方的水平。

The average American tech worker earns around $98,000 a year,

美國科技工作者的平均年薪約為 98,000 美元，

according to the online recruiting platform Dice.

根據線上招募平台 Dice 的數據。

Tech salaries in India vary greatly,

印度科技產業的薪水差異很大，

but the job site Indeed pegs the median salary at $20,000 US, 用詞

但求職網站 Indeed 認為中位數薪資為 20,000 美元，

going up to as much as $33,000

最高可達 33,000 美元

which makes them some of the top earners in their country,

這使他們成為國內收入最高的人群之一，

but still far less than what they'd make in the States. 文法

但仍然遠遠低於他們在美國的收入。

As salaries grow along with India's startup boom,

隨著印度創業熱潮帶動薪水增長，

this could have implications for the number of exceptional individuals desiring to move abroad. 片語搭配

這可能會對渴望出國的傑出人才數量產生影響。

The one thing that the CEOs of tech giants have in common 片語搭配

科技巨頭 CEO 們的共同點

is their strong background in engineering.

就是他們擁有強大的工程學背景。

If you wanted to improve your STEM skills, 語氣意圖

如果你想提高你的 STEM 技能，

my sponsor Brilliant can help you achieve your goals.

我的贊助商 Brilliant 可以幫助你實現目標。

Brilliant is a website and app that lets you tackle math, science, and computer science concepts

Brilliant 是一個網站和應用程式，讓你以有趣且親自動手的方式

in a fun and hands-on way. 用詞

來應對數學、科學和電腦科學的理念。

You can develop your critical thinking skills through their recently updated logic course

你可以透過他們最近更新的邏輯課程來培養批判性思考能力，

that forms the basis for mathematical reasoning. 片語搭配

這是數學推理的基礎。

Or you can jump right in to their popular mathematical fundamentals course 片語動詞

或者你也可以直接進入他們受歡迎的數學基礎課程，

to master algebra, logic, and number theory.

掌握代數、邏輯和數論。

There's something for everyone,

這裡有適合每個人的內容，

whether it's the foundations of computer science 文法

無論是電腦科學的基礎知識

or learning about cryptocurrency.

還是了解加密貨幣。

If you're stuck on a question or get an incorrect answer, 片語搭配

如果你卡在一個問題上，或者得到了錯誤的答案，

you can read the explanation to see where you went wrong. 慣用語

你可以閱讀解釋，看看自己錯在哪裡。

Brilliant is free to sign up

Brilliant 註冊是免費的，

if you head to the custom link in my description,

只要你點擊我描述裡的專屬連結，

brilliant.org/newsthink.

brilliant.org/newsthink。

And the first 200 of you to sign up with my link

前 200 名使用我的連結註冊的人

will receive 20% off Brilliant's annual premium subscription, 用詞

將獲得 Brilliant 年度高級訂閱 20% 的折扣，

which unlocks all of the courses.

該訂閱可解鎖所有課程。

Thanks for watching.

感謝觀看。

For NewsThink,

這裡是 NewsThink，

I'm Cindy Pom.

我是 Cindy Pom。