精靈語、克林貢語、多斯拉克語和納美語是真實的語言嗎？ - 約翰·麥克沃特：英語精讀講義

完成 one of ... is that ... 句型：One of the best things about this library ____ it stays open late.

哪一句自然地表示「這個社群擁有一套特別屬於自己的完整語言系統」？

1. The community has its own real language, not just a few invented words.
2. The community studies a real language spoken somewhere else.
3. The community uses a few invented words instead of a full language.

用表示「緊接著發生」的慣用語完成句子：The second update ____ the first update.

用 have 的現在完成式完成句子：They ____ this family business since 2012.

在這個句子中，And let's not forget 有什麼作用？

1. 它告訴聽者，他們的記憶出了問題。
2. 它引入一個與前面例子互相矛盾的例子。
3. 它為討論補上另一個重要例子。

判斷以下理解：在這個句子中，official grandfather 是指由政府或機構正式授予的稱號。

1. 正確
2. 錯誤

完成 X is short for Y 句型：Demo ____ demonstration.

在句子“A good team is more than a group of talented people.”中，more than 是什麼意思？

1. 這支團隊在實際長度上比那個群體更長。
2. 這支團隊包含不只一個群體。
3. 不應把這支團隊僅僅理解為一群有才華的人。

用 not just 來排除過於狹窄的定義：A city is ____ a collection of buildings; it is also a network of communities.

用一個把詞義呈現為巧合的三個字詞片語完成句子：We chose the name for its sound, but it ____ hope in another language.

選出正確使用 What makes X Y 作主詞，並在後面指出決定性因素的句子。

1. What this jacket makes warm is its wool lining.
2. What makes this jacket warm is its wool lining.
3. What makes this jacket warm because it has a wool lining.

哪一句承認某件事有幫助，但沒有把它說成結果的保證？

1. Planning ahead guarantees that nothing will go wrong.
2. Planning ahead is completely useless.
3. It helps, of course, to plan ahead, but a plan cannot prevent every surprise.

完成兩項對比結構：Explain the difference ____ a password ____ a passcode.

完成名詞 + alone 的結構：Money ____ cannot solve every problem.

用 put together 的正確形式完成句子：Yesterday, Lena ____ a short presentation from the team's notes.

哪一項使用 After all 為第一句話引出支持證據？

1. We rested after all the hikers reached camp.
2. The trail may be slippery. In the end, we chose another path.
3. The trail may be slippery. After all, it rained all night.

請用目標結構補完整句子，表示即使有這個優勢，能力仍然很有限：You could own every tool and ____ repair the bike.

哪一句表示 Maya 在辯論中說得比我高明得多？

1. Maya can talk me into joining the debate.
2. Maya can talk over me during the debate.
3. Maya can talk rings around me in a debate.

Lena went home early. 請選出能正確說明原因的後續句子。

1. That's because she felt sick.
2. That's why she felt sick.
3. That's when she felt sick.

請用表示「如何把詞語組織成句子」的目標片語補完整句子：I know the vocabulary, but I don't know ____.

在例句中，That is, 表示什麼？

1. 後面的子句與前面的意思形成對比。
2. 後面的子句把前面的意思說得更清楚。
3. 後面的子句提供一個較廣泛觀點的例子。

哪一句正確使用 make + 受詞 + 形容詞 來描述狀態變化？

1. To make the screen brighter, move the slider to the right.
2. To make the screen brightness, move the slider to the right.
3. To make brighter the screen, move the slider to the right.

請用表示「隨著時間逐漸地」的目標雙詞片語完成句子：Family traditions can change ____ as new generations add their own ideas.

請用表示「這類事物不存在」的四詞固定表達完成句子：There's ____ a plan that works in every situation.

哪一句用 as 表示一個變化隨著另一個過程持續進行而發展？

1. As children practice, their reading becomes smoother.
2. Because children practice, their reading becomes smoother.
3. Although children practice, their reading becomes smoother.

用 drift into 和 shed 的過去式完成句子：After moving, Maya slowly ____ a new routine and ____ some old habits.

這句引文在本句中有什麼作用？

1. 它是一段用來討論語言變化的熟悉宗教文本。
2. 它是在說明麵包每天都必須烘焙。
3. 它是在麵包店裡對別人下普通命令。

用本課中表示「有系統且詳細地展開」的表達完成句子：The researchers ____ the language's development over five centuries.

哪一句正確使用 when 子句先設定時間背景，再提供主要資訊？

1. When the hikers reached the cabin, they found the door open.
2. When the hikers the cabin, they found the door open.
3. The hikers when reached the cabin, they found the door open.

使用 the word for + concept + is 結構，表達 agua 是西班牙文中表示 water 的詞：In Spanish, the ____ agua.

哪個句子自然地使用 over time ... became ... 來概括逐漸發生的變化？

1. On time, the quiet village became a busy town.
2. Over time, the quiet village became a busy town.
3. At one time, the quiet village was a busy town.

用 turn 的正確形式完成句子：The cold air arrived, with the rain ____ into snow.

請用本課表示「正如……一樣」的兩個英文單字補全類比：____ real maps, this digital map uses symbols to show landmarks.

請用本課表示「分離並形成若干群體」的三個英文單字補全句子：After the dispute, the members ____ three smaller groups.

句首的 When 子句在這句話中有什麼作用？

1. 它先提出主要結果，再交代背景。
2. 它先交代歷史背景，再提出主要結果。
3. 它詢問羅馬人何時學會了這三種語言。

用 be born 的過去式完成句子，表示抽象事物的起源：A new style of jazz ____ in the neighborhood during the 1940s.

哪一句最恰當地描述逐漸產生的分化？

1. The glass broke apart the moment it hit the floor.
2. The two suitcases moved one meter apart when I pushed them.
3. The two regional accents grew apart over several generations.

閱讀這個例子：「The roads were flooded. Thus, the event was canceled.」Thus 表示什麼？

1. 由前一個事實造成或支持的結果
2. 與前一個事實形成的對比
3. 時間順序中的下一步

選出正確使用 made sure + 子句，並以 did 代替前文動作的選項。

1. The old app warned users before deleting a file. The designer made the new app sure to did the same kind of thing.
2. The old app warned users before deleting a file. The designer made sure did the new app the same kind of thing.
3. The old app warned users before deleting a file. The designer made sure the new app did the same kind of thing.

哪一句使用 while 來組織兩個群體之間的對比？

1. While one group kept the old spelling, the other adopted a new one.
2. Because one group kept the old spelling, the other adopted a new one.
3. While I was checking the spelling, the phone rang.

本句中的 Avari 和 Middle-earth 分別指什麼？

1. 托爾金虛構世界中的精靈族群與故事地點
2. 現實中的民族與歐洲的一個地區
3. 來自不同國家的兩種英語形式

用 drop out 的過去式完成句子，表示「從拼字中消失」：Over time, the silent letter ____ of the word.

哪一句自然地使用 flesh out 表示「透過補充細節來完善」？

1. The team carried out the plan exactly as written.
2. The team filled out the application with their names.
3. The team fleshed out the basic plan with a timeline and budget.

下面這句話是什麼意思？The two menus are different in the same way the lunch and dinner menus are.

1. 兩組對象呈現相似的差異模式。
2. 四份菜單完全相同。
3. 第一組比第二組差異更大。

一位經理正在對從未看過行程的新進員工說話。以下這樣使用 as you know 是否適合？As you know, our weekly meeting is on Tuesday.

1. 不適合
2. 適合

哪一句中的 messy 表示「不規整、難以整理」，而不是實際空間不整潔？

1. The new equation is complex, but its steps follow a clear order.
2. My desk is messy because papers are scattered everywhere.
3. The records are messy because dates use three different formats.

請用 have a way of + grow 的正確形式完成句子：Small worries ____ when we keep them to ourselves.

just like in a living room or on a bookshelf 在這段說明中有什麼作用？

1. 用熟悉的類比讓抽象觀點更容易想像。
2. 表示變化只會發生在房間和書架上。
3. 把話題改成如何擺放家具。

選出正確使用 That's why、從已說明的原因轉向結果的句子。

1. School closed early. That's why the roads were icy.
2. The roads were icy. That's because school closed early.
3. The roads were icy. That's why school closed early.

用 make sure that 的過去式完成句子：The organizer ____ every child had a seat。

下面句子中的 conjugated 是什麼意思？ In Spanish, verbs are conjugated for person and number.

1. 它們被翻譯成多種語言。
2. 它們的形式會改變，以表示文法資訊。
3. 它們透過標點符號與名詞連接。

用本課片語補完整句子，表達「必須記住」的意思： Some irregular spellings are things you ____.

用 take 加上一個表示「連這個出人意料地基礎的情況也包括在內」的強調詞完成句子：To test the idea, ____ the word go.

用一個能添加非限定評論的關係詞完成句子：The past form is irregular, ____ makes it hard to predict.

朋友說：「My family was badly hurt in an accident.」用「Oh well」回應是否適合？

1. 不適合
2. 適合

在例句中，The truth is, though, 表達什麼話語功能？

1. 它請聽者確認一項事實。
2. 它表示說話者要結束這個話題。
3. 它引出一個更準確、並限制前面印象的判斷。

用 more A than B 結構完成句子，表示這段話更像警告，而不是承諾：His message was ____ a promise.

用 rather than 完成句子，把前一種描述界定為準確說法，並排除後一種描述：The trip was a working visit ____ a holiday.

選出能正確表示「很多對話內容被改寫了」的句子。

1. Many of the dialogue were rewritten.
2. Much of the dialogue were rewritten.
3. Much of the dialogue was rewritten.

哪個句子表示「原著出版後，後來的作者又創造了幾個字」？

1. The writers worked overtime to make up for the delay.
2. Several words have been made up by later writers since the original book was published.
3. The new glossary is made up of several sections.

哪一句能自然表達「這項重建依賴對某個具體問題的不確定推測」？

1. The reconstruction is based of guesses about what the lost inscription said.
2. The reconstruction is based on guesses to what the lost inscription said.
3. The reconstruction is based on guesses as to what the lost inscription said.

用 what + would have + see 的過去分詞完成句子：Because the trip was canceled, we can only imagine ____ if we had gone.

請補完整目標結構 the best + subject + can do：With the information available, that's the ____.

用 no one around 補完整目標結構：Yesterday, at the empty help desk, there was ____ to answer our questions.

請選出 go further 表示「在發展或研究上更進一步」的句子。

1. The hikers went farther down the trail before sunset.
2. The meeting went ahead as planned.
3. The new study goes further by testing the idea in real classrooms.

請用兩個字連接清楚的程度與其結果：The instructions are clear ____ everyone can follow them.

補完整介紹譯本的結構 a translation of X into Y：Here's a translation ____ the safety guide ____ Spanish.

用 mean 和 rehearse 補完整讓步與後果結構：Although accepting the role would ____ on Saturdays, Nina still wants the part.

請用 pronounce 的正確形式完成句子：Maya is getting used to ____ unfamiliar names.

判斷這種說法是否符合情境：在一篇正式的解剖學報告中，一名學生把 uvula 稱為 weird cartoony thing。

1. 這種說法適合用在正式報告中。
2. 這種說法對正式報告而言太口語，也不夠精確。

在原句中，Believe it or not 有什麼作用？

1. 表示說話者不確定這個說法是否屬實
2. 引出一個可能令人意外、但說話者當成事實講述的說法
3. 要求聽者決定是否相信這個說法

使用 plenty 和它後面必須接的字完成句子：This feature appears in ____ languages around the world.

對於 like Eskimo ones，哪一種理解和用法最恰當？

1. ones 指人，而且 Eskimo 在所有社群中都是中性稱呼。
2. ones 表示數字 one，而且 Inuit 可以取代所有北方原住民族名稱。
3. ones 代替 languages；知道具體名稱時，最好使用具體的社群或語言名稱。

The old app is hard to learn. 請用 be 的單數形式、much 和 easy 的比較級完成對比句：Learning the new app ____, though.

用本課中表示「離開或告辭」的正式表達完成句子：At the end of the reception, the ambassador said, “We should ____ now and thank our hosts.”

哪一項最準確地解釋了本句中的 a heartfelt quad-conlangual valedictory？

1. 這是為了發明四個新詞而道歉。
2. 這是一段用四種人工語言表達的真摯告別。
3. 這是一堂比較四種自然語言的正式課程。