當你被擊暈時會發生什麼事？：英語精讀講義

One second you're there, 表達脈絡

上一秒你還在，

the next you're not.

下一秒你就不省人事了。

Rendered unconscious on the floor,

倒在地上失去知覺，

your world has turned to black.

你的世界陷入一片漆黑。

It could be for a matter of seconds, minutes, hours, or worse. 片語搭配

這可能持續幾秒鐘、幾分鐘、幾個小時，甚至更糟。

Today we'll investigate how and why.

今天我們就來調查一下這其中的原理。

In this episode of the Infographics Show,

在本期《資訊圖表秀》中，

what happens when you get knocked out. 片語動詞

我們來看看當你被擊暈時會發生什麼事。

When we say knocked out,

我們所說的「被擊暈」，

we're talking about loss of consciousness

指的是失去意識，

as a result of a blunt force trauma to the head. 片語搭配

原因是頭部受到鈍器外傷。

So what happens?

那麼究竟發生了什麼事呢？

If we look at the word concussion,

如果我們看看「腦震盪」這個詞，

also referred to as a mild traumatic brain injury, 片語搭配

它也被稱為輕度創傷性腦損傷，

we know it comes from the Latin shake violently.

我們知道它源自拉丁語，意思是「劇烈搖晃」。

And that's what happens to your brain when you get knocked out.

這就是你被擊暈時大腦發生的情況。

It does a jiggle in your skull.

它在你的頭骨裡搖晃了一下。

This may not always result in loss of consciousness, 片語搭配

這並不總是會導致意識喪失，

but today we're talking about just that,

但今天我們討論的正是這種情況，

knocked out cold. 慣用語

徹底被擊暈。

Inside our tough skulls is a very soft,

在我們堅硬的頭骨內是一個非常柔軟、

ultra-sensitive brain,

極其敏感的大腦，

which is layered with arteries, veins, and nerves.

上面佈滿了動脈、靜脈和神經。

It's not only protected by the skull,

它不僅受到頭骨的保護，

but something called cerebrospinal fluid

還有一種叫做腦脊髓液的東西，

that stops the brain from hitting the skull. 文法

可以防止大腦撞擊頭骨。

If you get hit hard enough, 文法

如果你受到的撞擊足夠猛烈，

this fluid cannot fully protect the brain from impact with its protective cranium.

這種液體就不能完全保護大腦免受與顱骨撞擊的傷害。

When it does hit, 文法

當撞擊發生時，

it is called trauma.

就被稱為創傷。

You have trauma on one side,

你的一側受到了創傷，

which bruises the brain,

導致大腦挫傷，

and possibly on the other side

甚至可能在另一側也有創傷，

when the brain bounces back. 片語動詞

這是當大腦反彈時造成的。

Your brain might also twist in your skull.

你的大腦甚至可能會在頭骨裡扭曲。

All this trauma damages the brain cells

所有這些創傷都會損害腦細胞，

and also leads to neurotransmitters firing rapidly,

還會導致神經傳導物質快速釋放，

overloading the nervous system, 文法

使神經系統過載，

which can result in a kind of paralysis or shutdown,

這可能導致一種癱瘓或關閉狀態，

and then it's lights out, 慣用語

然後就是大家所說的「眼前一黑」。

as they say.

俗話說得好。

By the way, 表達脈絡

順帶一提，

getting hit hard on the chin or jaw

下巴或下顎受到重擊，

sometimes causes intense rotational force in the brain,

有時會在大腦中產生強烈的旋轉力，

and this is why boxers often go for those areas to get their knockout. 片語動詞

這就是為什麼拳擊手經常攻擊這些部位以求擊倒對手。

Experts say for most people,

專家說，對大多數人而言，

this will last a few seconds to a few minutes,

這種情況會持續幾秒鐘到幾分鐘，

and we should recover without sustaining a bad injury to the brain. 片語搭配

我們應該能恢復過來，而不會對大腦造成嚴重損傷。

But if you're unlucky,

但如果你運氣不好，

your knockout might lead to cerebral bleeding and even death.

擊暈可能會導致腦出血甚至死亡。

So how much force does it take to get knocked out? 文法

那麼需要多大的力量才能把人擊暈呢？

There's no exact science,

這沒有確切的科學依據，

but the bigger the force, 文法

但力量越大，

the more chance there is of a knockout happening.

發生擊暈的機率就越高。

You can see that in boxing.

你可以在拳擊比賽中看到這一點。

There are more knockouts in the heavier weight categories.

體重級別越重的比賽，擊倒次數就越多。

A flyweight might punch with a force of 750 lb, 文化背景

蠅量級拳擊手出拳的力量可能為750磅，

but a heavyweight may punch at well over 1,000 lb of force. 片語搭配

但重量級拳擊手的出拳力量可能遠超1000磅。

But as you may have seen on any of those guy gets owned videos circulating the web, 用詞

但正如你可能在網路上流傳的那些「被人慘虐」的影片中看到的那樣，

you don't need massive punching power to knock someone out.

你不需要巨大的重拳也能把人擊暈。

It's not only about how much weight is behind the punch, 文法

這不僅僅在於拳頭背後有多大的重量，

but also the momentum of the punch

還在於拳頭的動量，

and the speed the fist or other body part is moving at. 文法

以及拳頭或身體其他部位移動的速度。

It's said Conor McGregor's running punch has about 932 lb of force. 文法

據說康納·麥葛瑞格助跑衝拳的力量約為932磅。

If the person being hit can't see it coming, 慣用語

如果被打的人沒有防備，

this will also have more impact

這也會產生更大的衝擊力，

and there is more chance of a knockout.

更有可能導致擊暈。

That's because our muscles tense in a way to take the blow 片語搭配

這是因為當我們看到撞擊即將到來時，

when we see it coming.

我們的肌肉會以某種方式緊繃以承受打擊。

For instance, 表達脈絡

例如，

self-defense expert James LaFond studied 1,675 acts of violence.

自衛專家詹姆斯·拉方德研究了1675起暴力事件。

According to him, 表達脈絡

據他介紹，

a sucker punch by a boxer on a civilian's jaw or chin will 100% of the time lead to a knockout. 用詞

拳擊手對平民下巴或下顎的偷襲，100%會導致擊暈。

Being hit behind the ears and at the back of the head

耳後和後腦勺受到撞擊

can also easily lead to being knocked out.

也很容易導致昏迷。

The CDC studied traumatic brain injuries 文化背景

美國疾病管制與預防中心（CDC）研究了

from 2007 to 2013 in the United States

美國2007年至2013年的創傷性腦損傷，

and found that 2.8 million Americans

發現有280萬名美國人

who visited the emergency room 文化背景

在就診急診室後

were hospitalized or died

住院或死亡，

as a result of head trauma in 2013.

這些都是2013年頭部創傷導致的。

Most of the instances were old people falling,

大多數情況是老人跌倒，

but second was being struck by or against something. 用詞

但排在第二位的是被物體擊中或撞擊物體。

50,000 people died that year of head trauma.

那一年有5萬人死於頭部創傷。

Nonetheless, 表達脈絡

儘管如此，

it's said that around 80% of head traumas are mild.

據說大約80%的頭部創傷都是輕度的。

Some people just get right back up after being knocked out 片語動詞

有些人在被擊暈後很快就爬了起來，

and seem to have no underlying problems. 用詞

似乎沒有潛在的問題。

Others may be confused

其他人可能會感到神志不清，

and later suffer from headaches, dizziness, or memory loss. 片語搭配

隨後出現頭痛、頭暈或失憶等症狀。

Some may develop post-concussion syndrome 用詞

有些人可能會在受傷後的幾天、幾週或幾個月內

for days, weeks, or months after the injury,

患上腦震盪後症候群，

and this could result in physical symptoms,

這可能會導致身體上的症狀，

but also other symptoms such as depression, anxiety,

但也會引發其他症狀，如憂鬱、焦慮、

confusion, impulsiveness, or other changes in personality.

迷茫、衝動或性格的改變。

Much of the time these ailments do get better 文法

在大多數情況下，這些小毛病都會隨著

as the brain heals itself.

大腦的自我修復而好轉。

Generally speaking, 表達脈絡

一般來說，

the shorter time you were knocked out,

你被擊暈的時間越短，

the less chance there is of severe symptoms occurring.

出現嚴重症狀的機率就越小。

So,

那麼，

have you ever been knocked out? 文法

你有過被擊暈的經歷嗎？

Tell us about it in the comments.

歡迎在留言區告訴我們。

Also,

此外，

be sure to check out our other video called

一定要看看我們的另一部影片，名為

This will happen in the next 60 seconds.

《在接下來的60秒內會發生什麼事》。

Thanks for watching,

感謝您的觀看，

and as always,

像往常一樣，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

下次見。