你每天都在做的違法事情：英語精讀講義

We've probably all broken the law at some point in our lives.

在我們的一生中，大概每個人都曾在某個時刻犯過法。

Even the people that proudly call themselves law-abiding citizens 用詞

即便是那些自豪地稱自己為守法公民的人，

may have accidentally driven through a red light

也可能不小心闖過紅燈，

or not so accidentally stolen candy as a child.

或者在小時候「不那麼不小心」地偷過糖果。

It's thought about one in three Americans have some kind of police record

據認為大約三分之一的美國人有某種形式的警方紀錄，

and the figure is about the same in the UK.

而在英國，這個比例也差不多。

Research shows that in the USA

研究顯示在美國，

about 70% of the population have done something

大約70%的人口曾做過

that could have landed them in jail. 講解

可能讓他們鋃鐺入獄的事情。

That's a fairly realistic statistic

這是一個相當現實的統計數據，

considering that the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

考慮到藥物濫用暨心理健康服務局（SAMHSA）

says around half of the population admit to having taken illicit substances. 文法

表示大約一半的人口承認曾服用過違禁藥物。

What you might not know though 文法

然而你可能不知道的是，

is that you've probably broken the law on occasion

你很可能偶爾就犯了法，

and are not even aware you did.

卻完全沒有意識到。

Today we are going to explore these small crimes

今天我們將探究這些小罪行，

in this episode of the Infographics Show,

在《Infographics Show》的本期節目中，

Illegal Things that we do every day.

聊聊我們每天都在做的違法事情。

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button

別忘了訂閱並點擊小鈴鐺，

so that you can be part of our notification squad.

這樣你就能成為我們通知小隊的一員了。

One thing many of us do is watch our favorite shows and movies

我們中許多人都會做的一件事，就是觀看我們最喜歡的節目和電影

on streaming websites that haven't paid for the right to show that content.

在那些沒有付費購買內容播放權的串流網站上。

While some of those look legal, 文法

雖然其中一些看起來是合法的，

according to the UK Federation Against Copyright Theft or FACT,

但根據英國反盜版聯盟（FACT）的說法，

they are unlawful.

它們是非法的。

This is because they don't have permission

這是因為它們沒有獲得內容所有者的許可

to provide that content from the people that own it.

來提供這些內容。

As a viewer,

作為一名觀眾，

FACT says you are actually committing unlawful behavior

FACT表示你其實在從事非法行為，

by supporting the criminals.

因為你在支持犯罪分子。

Is it illegal in the USA?

這在美國違法嗎？

According to the Intellectual Property Institute

根據里奇蒙大學法學院的

at the University of Richmond Law School,

智慧財產權研究所的說法，

yes it is.

是的，這是違法的。

Uploading unlicensed content is also illegal.

上傳未經許可的內容也是違法的。

Right now people are not prosecuted for watching or uploading,

目前人們不會因為觀看或上傳而被起訴，

so you are safe to watch something like Game of Thrones online.

所以你在網路上看《權力遊戲》之類的還是很安全的。

Downloading stolen content has always been illegal,

下載盜版內容向來是非法的，

but streaming seems to be a bit of a gray area. 慣用語

但串流似乎處於一個灰色地帶。

Nevertheless, this might soon change.

不過，這種情況可能很快就會改變。

An EU court in 2017

一家歐盟法院在2017年

made what was called a landmark ruling 片語搭配

做出了一項具有里程碑意義的裁決，

that essentially stated that anyone watching a copied content stream

實質上聲明任何觀看複製內容串流的人

is committing a civil offense. 用詞

都在犯下民事侵權行為。

According to TorrentFreak,

根據TorrentFreak的說法，

about half of all American millennials watch illegal content streams.

大約一半的美國千禧世代都在觀看非法的內容串流。

Staying with technology and the internet,

繼續說科技和網際網路，

have you ever used a fake name for an account?

你是否曾為某個帳號使用過假名？

Apparently your nom de plume of I'm a jerk 66 用詞

顯然你用「我是個混蛋66」這樣的筆名，

is actually committing a crime according to the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

根據《電腦欺詐和濫用法》，實際上是在犯罪。

In 2010,

在2010年，

a prison guard in the US was fined 500 bucks for using a fake Facebook name,

美國一名獄警因使用虛假的Facebook名字被罰款500美元，

while in the UK the Crown Prosecution Service is cracking down on fake social media profiles. 片語動詞

而在英國，皇家檢控署正在嚴厲打擊虛假的社群媒體個人資料。

It's not that governments want to arrest people making up funny fake names, 文法

這並不是說政府想逮捕那些編造有趣假名的人，

but they are more worried about online harassment

而是他們更擔心網路騷擾

and the spread of false information by people they cannot trace.

以及那些無法追蹤的人散布虛假資訊。

One more thing,

還有一件事，

if you've ever jumped on someone else's Wi-Fi to use the internet without their permission, 片語動詞

如果你曾未經別人許可連上他們的Wi-Fi上網，

you've also broken the law.

你同樣也犯了法。

There are probably a lot of law-abiding citizens out there,

可能外面有很多守法公民，

now aware they are chronic lawbreakers.

現在才意識到他們是長期違法的慣犯。

But the next one will get just about everyone.

但下一個差不多會讓所有人都中招。

The song Happy Birthday is not yours to sing in public,

《祝你生日快樂》這首歌不屬於你可以在公開場合演唱的範疇，

although it is okay in the house.

儘管在家裡唱是可以的。

The song was copyrighted in the '80s by Time Warner for $25 million,

這首歌在80年代被時代華納以2500萬美元買下版權，

so you don't have permission to do a public rendition of it. 用詞

所以你沒有許可在公眾面前演繹它。

Do so and you could be fined a hefty sum of money. 講解

如果這樣做了，你可能會面臨巨額罰款。

That's why you'll hardly ever see it performed in movies. 片語搭配

這就是為什麼你幾乎在電影裡看不到它被演唱的原因。

It is sometimes used and

它有時候會被使用，

that's why Time Warner receives about $2 million a year

而這就是為什麼時代華納每年大約能收到200萬美元

in Happy Birthday royalties. 用詞

的《生日快樂》版權費。

Have you ever made a cash bet with friends? 用詞

你曾經和朋友進行過現金打賭嗎？

Well,

那麼，

having a wager with friends is technically illegal under the Illegal Gambling Act of 1970.

根據1970年的《非法賭博法》，和朋友打賭在技術上是非法的。

This is in the USA at least,

至少在美國是這樣，

but it all depends on how much chance is involved in the gambling

但這完全取決於賭博涉及多少機率

and the amount of money.

以及金額的大小。

If the entire amount is more than $2,000,

如果總金額超過2000美元，

you are in fact running an illegal gambling operation.

你實際上就是在經營一家非法賭博機構。

This is quite common in places of work

這在工作場所相當普遍，

where many participants take part in inter-office sports gambling,

許多參與者參加辦公室內的體育賭博，

especially after the boost in popularity of fantasy sports games.

尤其是在夢幻體育遊戲大受歡迎之後。

According to online gambling site Laser Wager,

根據線上賭博網站Laser Wager的數據，

27% of Americans take part in such gambling

27%的美國人參與了此類賭博，

and if you are not living in Nevada,

而且如果你不住在內華達州，

you are actually risking a stint in prison. 片語搭配

你實際上可能面臨短暫的牢獄之災。

And what if you won the fantasy football pool at work

如果在工作中的夢幻足球彩池贏了，

and celebrated with one too many drinks 慣用語

並因此多喝了幾杯酒慶祝，

and then proceeded to wobble home?

然後搖搖晃晃地走回家，那會怎樣？

Well,

那麼，

that could be illegal too,

那也可能是違法的，

even if you were just happily minding your own business. 慣用語

哪怕你只是開開心心地走自己的路。

While it's unlikely you'd get arrested,

雖然你不太可能被逮捕，

in many countries public intoxication is illegal.

但在許多國家，公共場合醉酒是非法的。

In the USA,

在美國，

this is so,

確實如此，

but if you live in the states of Nevada, Montana, or Missouri,

但如果你住在內華達州、蒙大拿州或密蘇里州，

you'll be fine as no public intoxication laws exist there.

你就會沒事，因為那裡沒有公共醉酒的法律。

In Texas,

在德州，

you don't want to get caught drunk on the streets

你不會希望在街上被抓到醉酒，

as it's a Class C misdemeanor.

因為那是一項C級輕罪。

In the UK,

在英國，

it's also an offense to be drunk in public

在公共場合醉酒也是一種違法行為，

and you could risk a fine if very drunk.

如果你醉得很厲害，可能會面臨罰款的風險。

Australia has such laws too,

澳洲也有此類法律，

but you are more likely to get escorted home 文法

但如果你沒有惹麻煩，

than you are fined if you are not causing trouble

你更有可能被護送回家而不是被罰款，

as Australian cops apparently take the humane approach. 片語搭配

因為澳洲警察顯然採取了更人性化的方法。

When you get home late,

當你晚回家時，

whatever you do, 語氣意圖

無論如何，

don't start vacuuming the house.

不要開始在家裡吸塵。

In the UK,

在英國，

it's actually illegal to use a vacuum cleaner

平日的下午6:00後至早上8:00前，

after 6:00 p.m. and before 8:00 a.m. on weekdays

以及週末的早上8:00前和下午1:00後，

and illegal before 8:00 a.m. and after 1:00 p.m. on weekends.

使用吸塵器實際上是非法的。

The Australians are a little more lax,

澳洲人要稍微寬鬆一些，

at least in Melbourne,

至少在墨爾本，

where you are not allowed to use your vacuum cleaner

你不被允許使用吸塵器的時間是

between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. during weekdays

平日的晚上10:00至早上7:00之間，

and between 10:00 p.m. and 9:00 a.m. during the weekends.

以及週末的晚上10:00至早上9:00之間。

No such law seems to exist in the USA,

美國似乎沒有這樣的法律，

but in Denver it's actually illegal to lend someone your vacuum cleaner.

但在丹佛，把吸塵器借給別人實際上是非法的。

According to a law website,

根據一個法律網站的說法，

if you have noisy neighbors,

如果你有吵鬧的鄰居，

you have every right to sue them. 語氣意圖

你完全有權利起訴他們。

You may have to prove the noise reached a certain amount of decibels,

你可能必須證明噪音達到了特定的分貝數，

but if you can,

但如果你能證明，

you can expect about 30 bucks for each day

你可以指望在你成為他們噪音受害者的每一天，

you were a victim of their loudness.

獲得大約30美元的賠償。

In this case,

在這種情況下，

if you've ever been loud at night and have neighbors,

如果你曾在晚上大聲喧嘩並且有鄰居，

you may have committed an offense.

你可能就犯下了違法行為。

According to research,

根據研究，

the Brits consider themselves to be a very law-abiding nation

英國人認為自己是一個非常守法的民族，

with 98% of people saying they don't break laws.

98%的人說他們不違法。

Well,

那麼，

some other research says they break on average five rules every week

一些其他研究表明，他們平均每週打破五條規則，

or 16,250 in a lifetime.

或者一生中違規16250次。

These might just be small breaches,

這可能只是輕微的違規，

but nonetheless they are laws. 表達脈絡

但無論如何，它們都是法律。

Some of the most common offenses are dropping cigarette butts on the floor

一些最常見的違法行為是把菸蒂扔在地上

and spitting out chewing gum in public places.

和在公共場所吐口香糖。

Singapore was said to have made chewing gum illegal, 文法

據說新加坡已經讓口香糖變得非法，

which isn't actually true.

這其實不是真的。

However,

然而，

it does have quite strict gum control, 文法

它確實有相當嚴格的口香糖控制，

which means the sale or importation of gum is illegal today in the country.

這意味著今天在該國銷售或進口口香糖是非法的。

Spitting gum on the floor

在整潔的杜拜，把口香糖吐在地上

will also get you in big trouble in clean Dubai

也會給你帶來大麻煩，

and also in Thailand

在泰國也是如此，

where policemen have preyed on tourists 慣用語

那裡的警察會盯上那些

who commit the act of cigarette or gum dropping in public areas.

在公共區域亂丟菸蒂或口香糖的遊客。

In most countries

在大多數國家，

littering is illegal

亂丟垃圾是非法的，

and it doesn't have to be a lot of litter. 文法

而且並不需要很多垃圾。

It's illegal in the USA,

這在美國是非法的，

but in Alabama, Michigan, parts of Florida, Ohio, and California,

但在阿拉巴馬州、密西根州、佛羅里達州部分地區、俄亥俄州和加利福尼亞州，

just spitting on the floor

僅僅是吐痰在地上，

could end with a fine.

都可能以罰款告終。

In 2013 in England,

在2013年的英格蘭，

a man was fined for spitting,

一名男子因吐痰被罰款，

which was the very first time

這是法院有史以來第一次

a court had charged someone for such an offense.

因這種違法行為指控某人。

Staying with the Brits,

繼續聊英國人，

according to some media on the subject of breaking laws,

根據一些關於違法題材的媒體報導，

the most common offense in the country

該國最常見的違法行為

is walking across a crosswalk

是在綠色小人不閃爍時

when the little green man is not flashing. 文化背景

穿過行人穿越道。

33% of Brits have apparently done this.

顯然有33%的英國人做過這件事。

A similar street crime in the USA is jaywalking, 文化背景

美國一種類似的街道犯罪叫做違規穿越馬路（jaywalking），

which means pretty much the same

意思差不多，

but walking anywhere on the street unlawfully.

但指在街上任何地方非法行走。

As some scary viral videos demonstrate,

正如一些可怕的瘋傳影片所展示的，

this could even ignite the anger of the police.

這甚至可能激怒警察。

You might also get an on-the-spot fine for jaywalking 用詞

由於違規穿越馬路，你也可能會受到當場罰款

in Germany, Singapore, Spain, Poland, Slovenia, and Australia.

在德國、新加坡、西班牙、波蘭、斯洛維尼亞和澳洲。

The Dutch legalized jaywalking in 1997

荷蘭在1997年使違規穿越馬路合法化，

and have since reported absolutely no negative effects. 文法

此後報告稱絕對沒有任何負面影響。

In many nations such as Japan, Hungary, Thailand, China, and Indonesia,

在許多國家，如日本、匈牙利、泰國、中國和印尼，

putting your trust in the green man could be disastrous

盲目相信綠色小人可能是災難性的，

as crosswalks are often ignored by drivers.

因為駕駛經常無視行人穿越道。

Speaking of drivers, 表達脈絡

說到駕駛，

the most broken law in the USA

在美國被破壞最多且

that people actually get charged with is speeding. 片語搭配

人們實際被指控的法律是超速。

It's thought about 112,000 people get a speeding ticket every day,

據認為每天大約有11.2萬人收到超速罰單，

but after seeing this video,

但在看了這個影片之後，

speeding might not be the most common offense.

超速可能並不是最常見的違法行為。

Has anyone out there

有沒有人

not committed any of the offenses above?

沒有犯過上述任何一項罪行？

Better still,

或者更好的是，

has anyone ever been charged for one of the offenses

有沒有人曾經因為其中一項違法行為而被指控，

or knows someone who has?

或者認識曾經被指控的人？

Let us know in the comments.

在留言區告訴我們吧。

Also,

同時，

be sure to check out our other video called Americans versus Europeans.

務必去看看我們另一部名為《美國人對抗歐洲人》的影片。

Thanks for watching

感謝觀看，

and as always,

一如既往，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

我們下次見。