這些跡象表明你正在經歷青春期：英語精讀講義

So you're starting to get hair in weird places

你的身體開始在奇怪的地方長毛了

and that cute girl at school is starting to make you feel very uncomfortable

而且學校裡那個可愛的女孩開始讓你感到非常不舒服

in one of those same weird places.

就在那些奇怪的地方之一。

No need to freak out. 片語動詞

沒必要驚慌。

You're just going through puberty. 片語動詞

你只是在經歷青春期。

But what exactly happens to your body 表達脈絡

但是，當你的身體進入這個麻煩的發育階段時，究竟會發生什麼變化

as you enter this troublesome stage of development

當你進入這個麻煩的發育階段時

and how can you be sure you're finally entering puberty?

你怎麼才能確定自己終於進入青春期了呢？

That's how we'll find out today.

這就是我們今天要了解的。

In this episode of The Infographics Show,

在這一集的 The Infographics Show 中，

how do you know you're going through puberty?

你怎麼知道自己正在經歷青春期？

Puberty is the natural development of an animal

青春期是動物自然發育的過程

from adolescent youth to sexual adult.

從青少年時期成長為性成熟的成年體。

Most animals take just a few years to go from birth to sexual maturity 文法

大多數動物只需幾年時間就能從出生達到性成熟

with the African killifish being the fastest maturing vertebrate at an incredible 2 weeks. 文法

非洲鱂魚是成熟最快的脊椎動物，只需要驚人的兩週。

We're betting those of you waking up every morning to fresh zits

我們打賭，你們中每天早上醒來看到新長出痘痘的人

would kill for it all to be over in just 2 weeks. 慣用語

肯定會拼了命希望這一切只需兩週就能結束。

In nature, maturity is a balancing act for each species. 慣用語

在自然界中，成熟對每個物種來說都是一種平衡。

A longer adolescence allows for greater brain development 片語搭配

更長的青春期有助於大腦更好的發育

and advanced learning techniques, but it also puts a species at serious risk of extinction 片語搭配

以及高級的學習技巧，但這也讓物種面臨嚴重的滅絕風險

as being a child in the wild can be extremely dangerous.

因為在野外作為幼崽生活極其危險。

That is why animals with the longest maturity rates tend to be pack animals 表達脈絡

這就是為什麼成熟期最長的動物往往是群居動物

and among the most intelligent in the natural kingdom.

並且是自然界中最聰明的動物。

Dolphins and sperm whales, for example,

例如，海豚和抹香鯨

typically take 7 to 13 years to reach adulthood

通常需要7到13年才能成年

and are some of the most intelligent animals in the world.

並且是世界上最聰明的動物之一。

Long ago, humans made that same trade-off, 片語搭配

很久以前，人類做出了同樣的權衡，

accepting the risk of predation and possible extinction

承受了被捕食和可能滅絕的風險

for the payoff of increased intelligence.

以換取智力提升的回報。

Turns out this was a winning bet for Mother Nature, 講解

事實證明這是大自然的一次成功押注，

even if it means some of you right now probably wish Mother Nature had taken a different path. 文法

儘管現在你們中的一些人可能希望大自然當初能走另一條路。

Don't worry,

別擔心，

it'll pass and one day zits and awkward feelings

這一切都會過去的，總有一天，痘痘和尷尬的感覺

around the opposite gender will be a thing of the past. 慣用語

在異性面前都將成為過去。

Well, maybe just the zits.

好吧，也許只是痘痘會過去。

So, what exactly happens to your body as you go through puberty?

那麼，在經歷青春期時，你的身體究竟會發生什麼變化呢？

Males and females vary,

男性和女性會有所不同，

with females typically reaching sexual maturity sooner.

女性通常會更早達到性成熟。

This is, again, an evolutionary quirk

同樣，這是演化的一個奇妙之處

as a younger female is typically healthier

因為年輕的女性通常更健康

and has a greater chance at successfully bearing children.

並有更大的機會成功生育後代。

For girls, breasts will start to develop around 10 to 11 years of age

對女孩來說，乳房會在10到11歲左右開始發育

and is often the first outward sign of puberty.

這通常是青春期的第一個外在標誌。

It's not uncommon for breasts to develop at different rates, 文法

乳房以不同的速度發育並不罕見，

however, and though they may never become perfectly symmetrical,

然而，雖然它們可能永遠不會變得完全對稱，

they will eventually reach close symmetry.

它們最終會達到近似對稱。

So, if you're currently in the midst of your own changes, no need to worry. 片語搭配

所以，如果你目前正在經歷自己的變化，不必擔心。

Girls will also typically have their biggest growth spurt at this time,

女孩通常也會在此時迎來最大的生長突增，

growing anywhere from 5 to 20 cm. 片語搭配

長高5到20公分不等。

The head, face and hands typically grow a bit faster than the limbs

頭部、臉部和手部的生長速度通常比四肢快一點

and you might feel out of proportion for a while, 用詞

你可能會在一段時間內感覺身體比例失調，

but again, this is temporary and the rest of your body will catch up. 片語動詞

但再說一次，這是暫時的，你身體的其他部分會趕上來的。

A girl's body will also begin to change shape with the hips widening

女孩的身體形狀也會開始改變，臀部變寬

as the body prepares for the act of carrying and bearing children.

因為身體在為孕育和生育孩子做準備。

Pubic hair will also start to grow,

陰毛也會開始生長，

getting darker and thicker over time.

隨著時間的推移變得越來越黑、越來越濃密。

At ages 12 to 14 or about 2 years after breast development begins,

在12到14歲，或者乳房開始發育大約2年後，

girls will experience hair growing underneath the armpits.

女孩的腋下會開始長毛。

Social taboos aside, 表達脈絡

拋開社會禁忌不談，

this is perfectly natural and something men nor women paid any attention to until the development of the razor blade.

這是非常自然的現象，直到刮鬍刀發明之前，男人和女人都不會對此有任何關注。

Periods will also begin,

月經也會開始，

but will be preceded by a clear or whitish discharge from the vagina 片語搭配

但在這之前的幾個月裡

for several months before they actually start.

陰道會流出透明或白色的分泌物。

While this is, again, perfectly natural,

雖然這依然是完全自然的，

any itching, pain, discomfort

但任何搔癢、疼痛、不適

or strong odor should be checked with a doctor.

或強烈的異味都應該去看醫生。

When they eventually arrive,

當月經最終來臨時，

periods will occur every month.

每個月都會出現。

This is the body shedding the lining of the uterus.

這是身體在脫落子宮內膜。

In anticipation of fertilization, 片語搭配

為了準備受精，

the female body produces an egg every month

女性的身體每個月都會排出一顆卵子

along with sensitive and blood-rich tissue to help it grow.

伴隨著敏感和富含血液的組織來幫助其生長。

If an egg goes unfertilized, 文法

如果卵子沒有受精，

the body disposes of this unneeded tissue, 片語動詞

身體就會排掉這些不需要的組織，

leading to the monthly period.

導致每月一次的月經。

Periods may be irregular at first,

月經一開始可能不規律，

but eventually the body will settle into a rhythm. 慣用語

但最終身體會穩定成一個節奏。

Boys develop a bit later and slower than girls,

男孩的發育比女孩晚一點也慢一點，

once more due to evolution.

這同樣是由於演化。

Males simply aren't as critical to the role of survival as females,

男性在生存中的作用根本不如女性關鍵，

who carry and care for the baby 片語動詞

因為女性要孕育和照顧嬰兒

and in the wild,

而在野外，

males typically require a bit longer time than females to develop stronger bodies

男性通常需要比女性多一點的時間來發育出更強壯的身體

or the specialized appendages used in courtship

或者是用於求偶的特殊附屬器官

such as a male bird's display feathers.

比如雄鳥的展示羽毛。

Between the ages of 11 and 13,

在11到13歲之間，

teen, though, boys begin to enter maturity

然而到了青少年時期，男孩開始進入成熟期

marked with a sudden growth spurt of the genitals.

其標誌是生殖器的突然生長突增。

Typically, the testes will grow faster than the penis

通常，睪丸的生長速度會比陰莖快

and just like breasts,

就像乳房一樣，

may grow at different rates and end up slightly asymmetrical. 片語動詞

可能生長速度不同，最終略微不對稱。

Along with genital growth,

隨著生殖器的生長，

pubic hair will also begin to appear,

陰毛也會開始出現，

growing darker and thicker over time.

隨著時間的推移變得越來越黑、越來越濃密。

At ages 12 to 14,

在12到14歲時，

males will also hit their largest growth spurt, 片語搭配

男性也會迎來他們最大的一次生長突增，

gaining an average of 10 to 30 cm in height.

身高平均增加10到30公分。

Males typically grow taller than females

男性通常長得比女性高

and their chest and shoulders grow broader.

他們的胸部和肩膀也會變得更寬。

Just like girls,

和女孩一樣，

though, the head, face and hands

頭部、臉部和手部的生長

might grow faster than the limbs or torso,

可能會比四肢或軀幹快，

but the rest of the body will eventually catch up.

但身體的其他部分最終會趕上來。

At about ages 18 to 20,

在18到20歲左右，

males stop growing altogether.

男性完全停止生長。

Rarely, males can see some breast development

在少數情況下，男性可能會看到一些乳房發育

during puberty.

在青春期。

This is called gynecomastia 用詞

這被稱為男性女乳症

and is a result of a hormone imbalance that's typically temporary.

是荷爾蒙失衡的結果，通常是暫時的。

Male bodies are prompted through their specific changes via androgens,

男性的身體透過雄性素促發這些特定的變化，

which help develop male physical traits.

雄性素有助於發展男性的身體特徵。

However, all males have some level of estrogen in their bodies

然而，所有男性體內都有一定水準的雌激素

and during puberty,

在青春期，

the balance may be enough out of whack that some males might see slight breast growth. 慣用語

這種平衡可能會被打破，導致一些男性可能會看到輕微的乳房生長。

As the body develops, though,

隨著身體的發育，

the hormonal balance is corrected and that breast growth is reversed.

荷爾蒙的平衡會得到糾正，乳房的生長也會逆轉。

Surprisingly, just about half of all males develop gynecomastia 片語搭配

令人驚訝的是，幾乎一半的男性會出現男性女乳症

in one or both breasts,

在一側或兩側乳房，

but it is overwhelmingly temporary.

但絕大多數都是暫時的。

For those that it isn't, however,

然而，對於那些不是暫時的人來說，

surgical removal of excess breast tissue is always an option.

手術切除多餘的乳腺組織總是一個選擇。

At around ages 13 to 15,

在13到15歲左右，

boys will start to see a lot of hair growth across the face,

男孩會開始看到臉部、

chest and under the arms.

胸部和腋下長出大量的毛髮。

Leg and arm hair grows thicker and darker

腿部和手臂的毛髮變得更粗更黑

and hair may continue to expand across the body into the early 20s.

毛髮可能會繼續蔓延全身，直到20歲出頭。

The testicles begin producing more testosterone,

睪丸開始產生更多的睪酮，

which prompts the creation of sperm.

從而促使精子的產生。

This leads to the start of random erections,

這會導致隨機勃起的開始，

a perfectly natural, 文法

這是一個完全自然的，

if very awkward,

即便非常尷尬的，

phenomenon which can occur for no reason at all

現象，可能沒有任何原因就會發生

and sometimes needs no sexual prompting.

有時不需要任何性刺激。

Males may also start experiencing random ejaculations,

男性也可能開始經歷隨機射精，

especially during sleep

尤其是在睡眠期間

and commonly known as wet dreams. 片語搭配

俗稱夢遺。

At around 14 to 15,

在14到15歲左右，

the larynx or Adam's apple becomes more pronounced and obvious

喉部或喉結變得更明顯、更突出

and as it grows,

隨著它的生長，

a male's voice will often break and squeak. 用詞

男性的聲音通常會破音和發出尖銳的聲音。

This can be mortifyingly embarrassing,

這可能會讓人尷尬得要死，

but it is a natural part of puberty

但這是青春期自然的組成部分

and the voice will eventually become deeper.

聲音最終會變得更深沉。

As they grow,

隨著他們的成長，

both males and females will start to become more fiercely independent and rebellious, 片語搭配

男性與女性都會變得更加極其獨立和叛逆，

once more just a natural part of evolution

再次說明這只是演化的自然組成部分

and is typically more pronounced in males than in females.

而且通常男性比女性表現得更明顯。

In the wild,

在野外，

most animals are solitary,

大多數動物都是獨居的，

but even for pack animals like lions and elephants,

但即使是像獅子和大象這樣的群居動物，

males are typically forced out of the pack 片語動詞

雄性通常也會被趕出群體

or choose to leave on their own, 片語搭配

或者選擇自己離開，

though the females remain behind.

而雌性則留下來。

This is likely because females have stronger nurturing instincts 片語搭配

這很可能是因為雌性有更強的養育本能

and can take care of other young in the pack

可以照顧群體中的其他幼崽

while learning how to take care of their own young one day.

同時學習將來如何照顧自己的幼崽。

By forcing males away

透過把雄性趕走

or them choosing to leave,

或者他們自己選擇離開，

it also ensures that the male will find another group to find to mate in

這也確保了雄性會找到另一個群體去尋找配偶

and helps prevent inbreeding.

從而有助於防止近親繁殖。

Puberty is a terrifying,

青春期是一個令人恐懼的、

awkward and sometimes difficult

尷尬的，有時甚至是艱難的

time for boys and girls,

時期，對男孩和女孩來說都是如此，

but thankfully, it'll all be over one day.

但謝天謝地，這一切總有一天會過去的。

It might seem unfair now,

現在這看起來可能不公平，

but the ultimate trade-off is the development of more advanced brains

但最終的權衡是開發出更高級的大腦

and greater learning potential.

和更大的學習潛力。

All those years of zits and awkward boners

所有那些長著青春痘和尷尬勃起的歲月

have helped the human animal become the very top of the food chain. 慣用語

都幫助了人類這種動物成為食物鏈的最頂端。

So, do you have any embarrassing puberty stories?

那麼，你有什麼尷尬的青春期故事嗎？

Let us know in the comments.

在留言區告訴我們吧。

Also, be sure to check out our other video

此外，一定要看看我們的另一個影片

called What Happens to Your Body While You're Having Sex?

名為《做愛時你的身體會發生什麼事？》。

Thanks for watching

感謝觀看

and as always,

像往常一樣，

don't forget to like,

別忘了按讚，

share and subscribe.

分享並訂閱。

See you next time.

下次見。