吸食大麻會過量嗎？：英語精讀講義

A drug overdose occurs when a person takes more than the medically recommended dose, 用詞

當一個人服用超過醫學推薦劑量的藥物時，就會發生藥物過量，

resulting in a toxic state 文法

導致中毒狀態，

which can sometimes lead to death.

這有時會導致死亡。

It can be accidental or intentional where an individual wants to end their life. 用詞

它可以是意外，也可以是個體想要結束自己生命的故意行為。

How much of a drug causes an overdose can differ from person to person and their own physiology. 片語搭配

導致過量的藥物劑量因人而異，也取決於個人的生理狀況。

So what about marijuana?

那麼大麻呢？

There's been a lot of news about the medical benefits of this drug in recent months

近幾個月來，關於這種藥物的醫療益處有很多新聞，

and in many countries it has been legalized for medical purposes. 用詞

在許多國家，它已被合法化用於醫療目的。

But is there a dangerous side to it?

但它有危險的一面嗎？

That's what we intend to find out in this episode of the Infographics Show, 片語動詞

這正是我們打算在本期《信息圖表秀》中找出的，

can you overdose on weed?

吸食大麻會過量嗎？

Before we answer this question,

在我們回答這個問題之前，

let's first look at what weed is.

讓我們先來看看大麻是什麼。

The name weed is slang for cannabis 片語搭配

weed（草）這個名字是大麻的俚語，

and there are a fair few slang names for this green bushy plant. 片語搭配

這種綠色的灌木植物有不少俚語名稱。

In fact,

事實上，

according to Time Magazine,

根據《時代》雜誌，

there are as many as 1,200 slang names for cannabis. 文法

大麻有高達 1200 種俚語名稱。

The more common names include marijuana,

比較常見的名稱包括 marijuana、

pot, bud, green,

pot、bud、green、

grass, hash, ganja,

grass、hash、ganja、

420, and of course, weed.

420，當然還有 weed。

Why weed?

為什麼叫 weed（草）？

Because essentially,

因為從本質上講，

cannabis is a plant

大麻是一種植物，

and in the right conditions, 片語搭配

在合適的條件下，

it can grow in abundance like a weed.

它可以像雜草一樣大量生長。

So what exactly is marijuana

那麼大麻究竟是什麼，

and what are the effects it has?

它有什麼影響？

It is both a medicine and a recreational substance 文法

它既是一種藥物，也是一種娛樂性物質，

and is the most popular illicit drug in the world. 用詞

並且是世界上最受歡迎的非法藥物。

In the past few years,

在過去的幾年裡，

many states have changed the laws on the use of this drug

許多州改變了關於使用這種藥物的法律，

and a 2017 Gallup poll showed that 64% of Americans support legalization.

2017 年的一項蓋洛普民意調查顯示，64% 的美國人支持其合法化。

As it stands today, 表達脈絡

就目前而言，

recreational marijuana is legal in nine states

娛樂性大麻在九個州是合法的，

and medical marijuana is legal in 30 states.

而醫用大麻在 30 個州是合法的。

Oklahoma became the 30th state to legalize medical marijuana in June this year

今年 6 月，俄克拉荷馬州成為第 30 個將醫用大麻合法化的州，

when residents voted 56 to 43% in support of the ballot initiative. 文化背景

當時居民以 56% 對 43% 的投票結果支持了該投票倡議。

There are various parts to this plant,

這種植物有不同的部分，

so let's take a look.

讓我們來看看。

Marijuana actually refers to the flower that buds on the plant. 片語搭配

Marijuana 實際上指的是植物上結出的花蕾。

This is dried and cured from the female cannabis plants

它是從雌性大麻植物中乾燥和處理後製成的，

and often smoked to bring on the effects of the drug. 片語動詞

通常通過吸食來產生藥物效果。

Then there's the kief,

還有 kief（大麻粉），

which refers to the sticky pollen glands

它指的是粘性的花粉腺，

which contains the terpenes that make cannabis have its unique smell

其中含有使大麻具有獨特氣味的萜烯，

as well as cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol or THC,

以及大麻素，如四氫大麻酚或 THC，

which interact with different receptors in the body

它們與體內的不同受體相互作用，

to produce a wide range of effects such as feeling high. 片語搭配

產生各種各樣的影響，比如產生快感（feeling high）。

There's also hashish,

還有大麻脂（hashish），

which is made by compressing the cannabinoid-rich resin of the marijuana plant 文法

它是通過壓縮大麻植物中富含大麻素的樹脂製成的，

to produce a brown solid substance.

產生一種棕色固體物質。

Tinctures are liquid concentrates made through alcohol extraction.

酊劑（Tinctures）是通過酒精提取製成的液體濃縮物。

This extracts many of the plant's beneficial cannabinoids,

這樣能提取出植物中許多有益的大麻素，

often used for medical purposes.

通常用於醫療目的。

And finally,

最後，

hash oil,

大麻油（hash oil），

which can be created using a variety of solvents like butane

可以使用各種溶劑（如丁烷）製成，

to extract the resinous material from the marijuana plant's flowers.

從大麻植物的花朵中提取樹脂物質。

In terms of usage, 表達脈絡

在使用方面，

a Yahoo News Marist survey reported in 2017

2017 年 Yahoo News Marist 的一項調查報告稱，

that approximately 35 million Americans use marijuana on a monthly basis. 片語搭配

大約 3500 萬美國人每月使用大麻。

At least 78 million surveyed reported having tried the substance at some point in their lives 片語搭配

至少 7800 萬受訪者報告說，他們一生中曾嘗試過這種物質，

and 55 million residents reported using marijuana within the past year.

而 5500 萬居民報告在過去一年內使用過大麻。

So how safe is it to regularly take the drug

那麼經常服用這種藥物有多安全，

and are there any risks of overdose?

是否有過量的風險？

The effects of smoking marijuana are usually felt almost immediately

吸食大麻的效果通常幾乎立刻就能感覺到，

and could last from 1 to 3 hours,

可能會持續 1 到 3 小時，

while effects from eating or drinking can last for several hours

而食用或飲用的效果可以持續幾個小時，

but take longer to take hold. 片語動詞

但需要更長時間才能起效。

Common effects of marijuana intoxication include relaxation,

大麻中毒的常見影響包括放鬆、

sleepiness, euphoria,

嗜睡、欣快感、

dry mouth, impaired perception,

口乾、感知受損、

red eyes, and increased appetite,

眼睛發紅和食慾增加，

which users commonly refer to as the munchies, 用詞

用戶通常將其稱為“munchies”（飢餓感），

where they often crave higher doses of sugary foods like candies and chocolate.

在這種狀態下，他們經常渴望大量含糖食物，如糖果和巧克力。

Okay,

好吧，

that all sounds quite pleasant,

這聽起來都很不錯，

but what if you take too much of this mind-altering herb?

但如果你攝入了過多這種改變心智的草藥會怎樣？

If large quantities of the drug are taken

如果服用大量藥物，

or if the user is inexperienced and not used to the effects, 文法

或者如果用戶經驗不足並且不習慣這種效果，

there can be some unpleasant side effects such as panic, 片語搭配

可能會出現一些令人不快的副作用，如恐慌、

paranoia, acute psychosis,

偏執、急性精神病、

nausea, and shortness of breath.

噁心和呼吸急促。

But negative effects of marijuana usually subside on their own 片語搭配

但大麻的負面影響通常會自行消退，

and don't typically require medical care

通常不需要醫療護理，

and the chances of overdose on marijuana are extremely small.

並且大麻過量的機率極小。

So can you actually overdose to the point of death? 片語搭配

那麼你真的會過量致死嗎？

From our research,

根據我們的研究，

it seems to be widely considered impossible to actually die from a marijuana overdose. 文法

普遍認為真正死於大麻過量是不可能的。

One reason is because the cannabinoid receptors in the brain aren't located in the brainstem

原因之一是由於大腦中的大麻素受體不位於腦幹，

and don't control any essential functions,

並且不控制任何基本功能，

unlike most depressants and stimulants.

這與大多數抑制劑和興奮劑不同。

We could not find any officially recorded instances of people dying from a fatal dose of marijuana alone. 片語搭配

我們沒有發現任何官方記錄的人僅因致死劑量的大麻而死亡的案例。

There was a case that hit headlines in 2017, 慣用語

2017 年有一個登上頭條新聞的案例，

which included the seizure and death of an 11-month-old baby

涉及一名 11 個月大的嬰兒在接觸大麻後

after exposure to cannabis.

出現癲癇發作並死亡。

Many media outlets reported this as the first marijuana overdose death,

許多媒體將其報導為首例大麻過量死亡案例，

but Thomas n an author of the report

但報告的作者之一 Thomas n，

who is now the director of medical toxicology at St. Louis University Health Network in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,

他現在是賓夕法尼亞州伯利恆聖路易斯大學健康網絡的醫學毒理學主任，

was quoted later as saying,

後來被引用說，

"We are absolutely not saying that marijuana killed that child." 語氣意圖

“我們絕對不是說大麻殺死了那個孩子。”

According to the Huffington Post,

根據《赫芬頓郵報》的報導，

in 1988,

在 1988 年，

a DEA judge argued in favor of rescheduling marijuana because of its low harm profile. 講解

一位緝毒局法官主張由於其傷害性低而重新安排大麻的管制級別。

In his ruling,

在他的裁決中，

he explained that a user would have to ingest somewhere between 20,000 to 40,000 times 講解

他解釋說，用戶必須攝入大約 20,000 到 40,000 倍

the amount of THC that is found in a single marijuana joint

單支大麻煙中所含 THC 的量，

to approach a lethal dose. 片語搭配

才能接近致死劑量。

A smoker would theoretically have to consume nearly 1,500 lb of marijuana

從理論上講，吸菸者必須消耗近 1,500 磅的大麻，

within about 15 minutes to induce a lethal response,

在大約 15 分鐘內才能引起致死反應，

wrote Judge Francis Young.

弗朗西斯·楊法官寫道。

So it certainly seems the jury is out on this one 慣用語

所以在這個問題上，情況似乎還未有定論，

and though you can overdose on weed to a point of serious and unpleasant side effects,

雖然吸食大麻過量可能會導致嚴重和令人不快的副作用，

it's highly unlikely you can die from this drug when taken on its own. 文法

但僅僅服用這種藥物極不可能導致死亡。

Are there other overdose cases you've heard of that we didn't find?

您還聽說過我們沒發現的其他過量病例嗎？

Let us know in the comments.

請在評論中告訴我們。

Also,

此外，

be sure to check out our other video called How did he become the king of cocaine,

一定要去看看我們的另一段名為《他是如何成為可卡因之王的，

Pablo Escobar.

巴勃羅·埃斯科巴》的視頻。

Thanks for watching

感謝觀看，

and as always,

一如既往，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

不要忘記點讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

下次見。