提升批判性思考的5個技巧 - Samantha Agoos：英語精讀講義

選出使用相同視覺隱喻的自然英文句子。

1. A sea of paperwork stretched before me.
2. I stretched one sheet of paper across the water.
3. The sea decided which papers I needed.

用表示「其他學生」的複數代名詞完成 Some ..., but others ... 結構：Some students study best in silence, but ____ prefer background music.

哪一句自然地使用 diet craze，表示某種飲食法短暫走紅，而且可能受到過度炒作？

1. The celebrity diet became a craze for a few months.
2. The nutritionist created a careful diet craze for the patient's medical needs.
3. I wrote next week's meals in a diet craze.

哪一種理解最能說明這個反諷問題所影射的情況？

1. 它在解釋一般電子郵件如何自動產生金錢。
2. 它表示所有百萬富翁都是靠使用電子郵件致富的。
3. 它在嘲諷可疑郵件中令人難以置信的快速致富承諾。

請用 be bombarded with 正確的過去式完成句子：After the post went viral, we ____ hundreds of comments in an hour.

使用 so many ... that 表示郵件的數量造成了後面的結果：She received ____ emails ____ she couldn't read them all.

哪一句中的 chances 表示機率，而不是一個機會或一次嘗試？

1. The rules allow each player three chances to answer.
2. Careful preparation will improve our chances of success.
3. I finally had a chance to speak with the coach.

哪一句最準確地說明 critical thinking？

1. Critical thinking means finding something negative to say about every idea.
2. Critical thinking means checking evidence and assumptions before accepting a claim.
3. Critical thinking means rejecting unfamiliar ideas immediately.

在句子 "Before we look for an answer, we need to decide how to approach the question," 中，approach the question 是什麼意思？

1. 立刻給出最後答案。
2. 選擇一種分析或處理它的方法。
3. 在空間上走近它。

哪一句中的 deconstruct 使用了抽象的「拆解分析」意思？

1. The crew demolished the unsafe building.
2. The debate club deconstructed the argument to uncover its hidden assumptions.
3. She took apart the toy to repair its motor.

哪一種情況更適合描述為 manipulation，而不是 bias？

1. 一則廣告隱瞞額外費用，並製造虛假的急迫感來促使人們購買。
2. 一名新聞作者無意間給支持自己觀點的證據安排了更多篇幅。
3. 一份報告納入了來自多種觀點的相關證據。

哪一句最能說明 critical thinking 為什麼可能聽起來負面，卻不等於 negative thinking？

1. Critical thinking 是指立刻否定每一項主張。
2. Critical thinking 會尋找弱點，以便更仔細地判斷一項主張。
3. Critical thinking 是指在任何情況下都預期最壞的結果。

你想表達一次困難的改變帶來了一個正面結果，但不想說這次改變完全是好事。哪個句子最合適？

1. By the way, moving to a new school helped me become more confident.
2. Moving to a new school helped me in every possible way.
3. In a way, moving to a new school helped me become more confident.

哪一句用 feels right 表達一種仍需查證的直覺判斷？

1. The answer sheet feels rough under my hand.
2. The answer feels right, but we still need to check the evidence.
3. The answer has been proved right by two independent tests.

用括號中動詞的 -ing 形式完成句子：Rather than ____ at random, Lena compared the two maps. (guess)

用過去式完成正式結構 subject X to Y：The review panel ____ every application ____ careful scrutiny.

用 at someone's disposal 的正確形式完成句子。使用者是 us：We used every resource ____ to find the missing dog.

哪一項指示表示「刪除所有草稿，只保留最終版本」？

1. Delete nothing but the final version.
2. Delete the final version and keep everything else.
3. Delete everything but the final version.

這裡的 but here's one five-step process 表示什麼？

1. 說話者正在帶出一套接下來要說明、結構清楚的方法。
2. 說話者是在說，批判性思考只有五種方法。
3. 說話者正在指出五個物體所在的實際位置。

在句子 This guide can help with any number of common problems. 中，any number of common problems 是什麼意思？

1. 已被編上號碼的問題
2. 許多不同的常見問題
3. 正好一個常見問題

哪一個意思最符合 Formulate your question？

1. 立刻隨便說出一個問題。
2. 明確問題，並清楚地表達出來。
3. 先找出答案，再提出問題。

選擇能表示第二句重述第一句的連接語：The instructions are optional. ___, you do not have to follow them.

1. For example
2. However
3. In other words

選擇這項建議最合適的意思：Before you compare cameras, know what you're looking for.

1. 明確自己需要的結果或特點。
2. 只尋找一件遺失的實物。
3. 選擇看到的第一台相機。

選擇這句話最合適的意思：This isn't always as straightforward as it sounds.

1. 實際做起來可能比乍聽之下更複雜。
2. 它總是需要沿直線移動。
3. 只要描述過，它就一定很容易。

哪一句表示 Maya 還在決定要不要加入社團？

1. Maya has decided to join the club.
2. Maya is deciding when to join the club.
3. Maya is deciding whether to join the club.

用目標片語動詞和代名詞 it 完成句子：This puzzle app looks fun, so let's ____ before buying the full version.

the newest diet craze 最強烈地暗示了什麼？

1. 至今仍有人採用的最古老飲食法
2. 已經由科學證明最安全的飲食法
3. 最近流行但可能只是一時風潮的飲食法

請用 do so 的正確雙字形式完成句子。它必須回指前面已經說出的動作：Maya checks every source carefully, and her reasons for ____ are clear.

在這個語境中， “may be obscured by other factors” 是什麼意思？

1. 真正的原因可能因其他影響介入而難以辨認。
2. 真正的原因被一個黑暗的物體實際遮住了。
3. 其他因素一定會消除真正的原因。

判斷正誤：在 “claims that you'll see results in just 2 weeks” 中，claims 表示兩週見效已經獲得證實。

1. 錯誤
2. 正確

哪一句正確地把 approach 當作動詞，並表達對目標的清楚理解？

1. We should take an approach the problem with a clear view of our goal.
2. We should approach to the problem with a clear view of our goal.
3. We should approach the problem with a clear view of our goal.

哪一句在嵌入式 what 子句中使用了正確的語序？

1. Before we start, please explain what do you try to accomplish.
2. Before we start, please explain what are you trying to accomplish.
3. Before we start, please explain what you're trying to accomplish.

whether that's A, B, or C 在這句話中有什麼作用？

1. 它表示這三種結果一定都會發生。
2. 它列出前面所提目標的幾種具體形式。
3. 它要求聽者立刻選擇一個目標。

使用目標結構 equip + person + to，並以 you 表示這個人，完成句子：The workshop will ____ handle basic repairs.

sift through information critically 最符合下列哪一個意思？

1. 仔細檢查大量資訊，並篩選出有用或可靠的內容。
2. 快速讀完所有資訊，不做任何判斷。
3. 把印出來的資訊放進真正的篩子裡。

請用 suit 的正確形式完成句子，而且不要加介系詞：This flexible schedule really ____ our needs.

在本句中，There's lots of it out there 是什麼意思？

1. 大量這類資訊可以從許多來源取得。
2. 這些資訊已經無法取得。
3. 一堆資訊放在戶外的某個特定地點。

把 have a clear plan 改成動名詞片語來完成句子：____ makes teamwork easier。

在 determine what's relevant 中，哪一句最能解釋 relevant？

1. 相關資訊在任何情況下永遠都是最重要的資訊。
2. 相關資訊與正在回答的問題有關。
3. 相關資訊永遠是最令人驚訝的資訊。

用 decide on 的正確形式完成句子：We need to ____ a destination before we book the tickets.

哪個句子正確使用了 ask + 人 + for + 事物 這個結構？

1. If the form is confusing, ask a staff member help.
2. If the form is confusing, ask a staff member for help.
3. If the form is confusing, ask for a staff member help.

哪個句子使用 testimonies 最自然？

1. Maya sought testimonies about whether she should wear the red hat.
2. The café sought testimonies about which cookie tasted best.
3. The investigators sought testimonies from people who witnessed the accident.

例句中的 weigh different options 是什麼意思？

1. 測量幾個物體有多重。
2. 仔細比較並評估不同選擇。
3. 除了第一個選項之外，拒絕其他所有選項。

哪一句在 -ing 子句中使用 moving...closer to... 來表示抽象結果？

1. The new evidence clarified the issue, moving us closer to a decision.
2. We moved the chairs closer to the table.
3. Moving closer to the table, Maya lowered her voice.

哪一句中的 apply 表示「把資訊付諸實際使用」？

1. Apply for a copy of the survey results.
2. Apply the survey results when you choose the final design.
3. Apply to the research center for a summer program.

哪一句正確使用了放在句首的 Facing... 片語？

1. Facing a difficult decision, the pros and cons were written on paper.
2. Facing a difficult decision, Maya listed the pros and cons.
3. Facing a difficult decision, there were several choices on the table.

在「What concepts are at work?」中，at work 是什麼意思？

1. 它們實際位於某個工作場所。
2. 它們正在影響目前的情況。
3. 它們正在被寫下來。

哪個句子包含一個未經驗證、卻被用作行動依據的想法？

1. We took the mountain road because we assumed it was open, but we had not checked the latest report.
2. We measured the road carefully before recording its width.
3. We took the mountain road after the official report confirmed it was open.

在句子 Her conclusion is logically sound 中，logically sound 是什麼意思？

1. 她的推理前後一致，並能支持該結論。
2. 她的結論受到許多人歡迎。
3. 她的聲音清楚，容易聽見。

請依照 promise + 人 + 事物 的自然順序，使用 promises、customers 和 a refund 完成句子：The company ____.

哪一句中的 shape 和例句一樣，表示非物理意義上的「影響」？

1. The table has a round shape.
2. Draw the shape of the island on the map.
3. Past experience is shaping her approach to the problem.

哪一句正確使用了 assume + 子句和常用搭配 tell the truth？

1. I assume the sender is saying the truth.
2. I assume the sender is telling the truth.
3. I assume the sender to telling the truth.

選出正確使用 Based on... 來引出判斷依據的句子。

1. The evidence is based, the claim seems doubtful.
2. Based with the evidence, the claim seems doubtful.
3. Based on the evidence, the claim seems doubtful.

選出正確使用 Is it logical to assume...? 的句子。

1. Is logical it assume the claim is true without evidence?
2. Is it logical to assume the claim is true without evidence?
3. Does it logical to assume the claim is true without evidence?

Consider the implications. 要求對方做什麼？

1. 認定眼前的好處就是所有需要考慮的內容。
2. 思考這個選擇可能帶來的廣泛影響。
3. 只在句子中尋找隱藏的含義。

完成用來引出假設情境的英文開頭：____ your first day at a new school and you do not know where to go。

哪個句子正確使用 based on ... promise to ... 來說明選擇的依據？

1. I chose Jordan based on their promise improving the library.
2. I chose Jordan based on their promise to improve the library.
3. I chose Jordan based their promise to improve the library.

使用 make it + adjective + for someone + to do 結構完成句子，並使用 easier：The larger text will ____ children to read.

用目標美式日常片語補完整個句子：The fuel gauge is almost empty, so we need to ____ before the long drive.

哪一句使用 At first glance 帶出一個可能在進一步查看後改變的初步印象？

1. I glanced at the clock because I wanted to know the time.
2. At first glance, the apartment looked tiny, but the second room was surprisingly large.
3. After measuring every room twice, we reached a final conclusion.

在本句中，what about the long-term environmental effects? 起什麼作用？

1. 把一個可能被忽略的因素加入討論。
2. 詢問環境影響會持續多長時間。
3. 表示環境影響並不重要。

請用 be less restricted by + 限制來源 完成句子，表示成本現在對專案的限制比以前少：After receiving the grant, the project ____ than it was before.

使用標示表達中的措辭完成句子，不要重複 air pollution：A week of wildfire smoke could ____ air pollution across the region.

一所學校為了節省紙張而改用線上作業。有些家庭因此必須購買裝置，但學校並非有意造成這筆費用。只根據這些資訊，哪句話最準確？

1. The device cost was an unimportant consequence of the new homework system.
2. The device cost was an unintended consequence of the new homework system.
3. The device cost was an unexpected consequence of the new homework system.

用表示「主動思考他人如何看待某個議題」的目標表達完成建議：Before making a decision, ____.

用 be drawn to 的正確形式完成句子：Maya loves calm places, so she ____ the library's quiet atmosphere.

天氣預報還不確定，但演唱會一定會舉行，必要時可以移到室內。哪一句最準確地表達這個意思？

1. If it rains, the concert will be canceled.
2. Even though it is raining, the concert will still happen.
3. Even if it rains, the concert will still happen.

哪個選項最準確地改述了本句中的 exploring the full spectrum of viewpoints？

1. 研究不同種類的光所產生的顏色
2. 只比較兩個最極端的觀點
3. 考察整個觀點範圍內的許多立場

一份報告使用了不可靠的證據。哪一句最準確地表示：在你看來，它的結論缺乏充分依據？

1. The proposed method doesn't seem effective to me.
2. The permit doesn't seem valid after June.
3. The conclusion doesn't seem valid to me.

用表示「對……有吸引力」的兩個字 appeal 片語完成句子：The simple design may ____ first-time buyers.

哪一句自然地表示「比較資訊將幫助我們做出依據更充分的選擇」？

1. Comparing the plans will help us do a more informed decision.
2. Comparing the plans will help us make a more informed decision.
3. Comparing the plans will help us make a more notified decision.

哪一句自然地表示「這個計畫可能有所幫助，但肯定無法徹底消除當地的飢餓問題」？

1. The program may help, but it certainly won't eradicate hunger from the region.
2. The program may help, but it will eradicate hunger slightly.
3. The program may help, and it will certainly eradicate hunger from the region.

這句話中標示部分的意思是什麼？

1. 批判性思考提供我們在海裡工作所需的實體設備。
2. 批判性思考提供我們仔細檢視大量資訊的方法。
3. 批判性思考讓我們略過資訊查核並迅速做出選擇。

用一個表示「我們這個群體中數量足夠多的人」的三個單字片語完成句子：If ____ sign the petition, the council may reconsider.

用強調重要能力或潛力的表達完成句子：A kind word ____ brighten someone's day.

哪一句使用了相同的結尾方式，也就是把具體行動擴展成更廣泛的社會願景？

1. By greeting new classmates, we can help make our school a kinder place.
2. Our school assembly begins at nine o'clock.
3. Greeting someone means saying hello when you meet.