英國人對咖啡的情有獨鍾 - 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的六分鐘英語。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是 BBC 英語教學的六分鐘英語。

I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

Did you have a cup of coffee this morning, Neil?

Neil，你今天早上喝咖啡了嗎？

Oh yes,

喔，喝了，

I can't start the day without my morning cup of coffee 文法

我要是早上不喝一杯咖啡，這一天就沒法開始，

or two or three.

甚至得喝上兩三杯。

And what do you like about coffee so much?

你這麼喜歡咖啡的原因是什麼呢？

Well,

嗯，

that lovely smell for one thing. 片語搭配

迷人的香氣是其一。

And of course

當然

it wakes me up and gets me ready to face the world. 講解

它還能讓我清醒，準備好面對整個世界。

Ah,

啊，

you mean the caffeine hit. 用詞

你是指咖啡因的刺激。

The effect of caffeine,

咖啡因的作用，

which is a natural stimulant on your brain, 用詞

它是一種對大腦有作用的天然興奮劑，

making you feel more awake. 文法

能讓你感覺更清醒。

Do you think maybe you're addicted to coffee? 片語搭配

你覺得你是不是對咖啡上癮了？

It's not just me, 語氣意圖

這可不只我一個，

Sam.

Sam。

Have you seen how busy coffee shops are nowadays? 語氣意圖

你看到現在咖啡店有多忙了嗎？

Full of people enjoying delicious coffee from all around the world.

滿是享受著來自世界各地美味咖啡的人。

Well, it wasn't always like that, 表達脈絡

嗯，以前可不總是這樣的，

Neil.

Neil。

The first coffee to reach Britain in the 17th century 文法

17世紀第一批抵達英國的咖啡

took months to arrive by sea. 文法

是在海上漂泊了數月才到達的。

It was made by boiling raw coffee beans 文法

它是把生咖啡豆用水煮出來的，

and apparently tasted awful.

而且顯然味道很糟。

In this program,

在本期節目中，

we'll be looking into the history of coffee in Britain 片語動詞

我們將探討英國的咖啡歷史，

and as usual,

像往常一樣，

we'll be learning some related vocabulary too.

我們還會學習一些相關的詞彙。

But before that, 表達脈絡

但在那之前，

I have a question for you.

我有一個問題要問你。

The earliest coffee to arrive in Britain

最早到達英國的咖啡

took its name from the port in Yemen 片語搭配

是以葉門的一個港口命名的，

it was shipped from.

那是它的裝運港。

So, what was it called?

那麼，它叫什麼名字？

Was it A) cappuccino,

是 A) 卡布奇諾 (cappuccino)，

B) mocha,

B) 摩卡 (mocha)，

or C) latte?

還是 C) 拿鐵 (latte)？

I'll say B) mocha.

我選 B) 摩卡。

Okay,

好的，

I'll reveal the answer later in the program. 表達脈絡

我會在節目稍後揭曉答案。

Britain's love affair with coffee started with the opening of London's first coffee shop in 1652. 講解

英國人對咖啡的熱愛始於1652年倫敦第一家咖啡店的開張。

People loved the effect.

人們喜歡咖啡的效果。

Coffee made them more talkative and brighter. 文法

咖啡讓他們更健談，更有精神。

It kept them awake for longer 文法

它讓他們保持清醒的時間更長，

and the drink became more and more popular. 文法

這種飲品也變得越來越受歡迎。

Within a decade, 片語搭配

短短十年內，

over 80 new coffee shops had opened in the city of London alone.

僅倫敦市就新開了80多家咖啡店。

By the 1800s, though, 表達脈絡

然而到了19世紀，

tea had replaced coffee as the most fashionable drink, 片語搭配

茶取代了咖啡成為最時髦的飲品，

partly because it was drunk by Queen Victoria. 文法

部分原因是因為維多利亞女王喝茶。

Listen as Judith Hawley,

請聽 18 世紀文學專家

an expert on 18th century literature,

Judith Hawley

takes up the story with BBC Radio 4 program 片語動詞

在 BBC Radio 4 的節目中繼續講述

In Our Time.

《我們的時代》(In Our Time)。

It became more of a working class drink. 用詞

它變成了一種更偏向工人階級的飲品。

So there were coffee shacks and carts, 文化背景

於是就有了咖啡棚和咖啡車，

like these sort of little street carts that you get still in London,

就像你在倫敦仍然能看到的那種小街頭推車，

you get all over New York

在紐約到處都是，

that is a cheap quick drink to perk you up. 片語動詞

它是一種便宜快捷、能讓你提神的飲品。

Um and the temperance movement 文化背景

嗯，還有禁酒運動

sponsored coffee taverns to try to wean working men off 講解

贊助了咖啡館，試圖讓工人們戒掉

going to the pub for lunch.

午飯去酒館喝酒的習慣。

So it moved.

於是風向變了。

It declined seriously and has never fully recovered 片語搭配

咖啡嚴重衰退，再也沒有完全恢復過來，

even in the current coffee boom. 用詞

甚至在目前的咖啡熱潮中也是如此。

In the 17th century,

在17世紀，

there was a coffee boom,

出現了一股咖啡熱潮 (coffee boom)，

an increase in its popularity.

也就是它受歡迎程度的上升。

One of the reasons was that coffee perks you up,

原因之一是咖啡能讓你提神 (perks you up)，

gives you more energy and makes you more active.

給你更多能量，讓你更活躍。

Drinking coffee was also supported by a social group called the temperance movement,

喝咖啡也得到了一個叫做禁酒運動 (temperance movement) 的社會群體的支持，

who campaigned to make alcohol illegal. 用詞

他們致力於讓酒精變得非法。

They used coffee to wean men off alcohol,

他們用咖啡讓男人戒掉 (wean off) 酒精，

make them gradually stop using something they had become addicted to.

讓他們逐漸停止使用他們已經上癮的東西。

Coffee changed British society and continues to do so today. 文法

咖啡改變了英國社會，並且在今天依然如此。

Here's Professor Judith Hawley again talking to BBC Radio 4's In Our Time about the situation today.

接下來再次請 Judith Hawley 教授在 BBC Radio 4 的《我們的時代》節目中談談如今的情況。

I think if we look at the way coffee consumption is going today, 表達脈絡

我覺得如果我們看看現在咖啡消費的趨勢，

it seems to me to set out two quite radical alternatives for the world. 表達脈絡

在我看來，它為世界呈現了兩種截然不同的選擇。

One is the world of corporate coffee, 用詞

一種是企業咖啡的世界，

the coffee chains existing on a low wage economy. 用詞

也就是依靠低薪經濟運作的連鎖咖啡店。

So you have that kind of mass coffee market on the one hand. 表達脈絡

所以你一方面有那種大眾咖啡市場。

On the other hand,

另一方面，

you have these microlot estates, 文化背景

你有這些微批次莊園咖啡，

Fairtrade coffee, 文化背景

公平貿易咖啡，

the sort of hipster coffee which is as varied and as interesting as fine wines 講解

那種像高級葡萄酒一樣豐富多樣且有趣的潮人咖啡，

and is made in an artisanal way. 用詞

而且是用手作工藝製作的。

Many customers today are turning away from large coffee chains like Starbucks 片語動詞

如今，許多顧客正在遠離像星巴克這樣的大型咖啡連鎖店，

in search of a more responsibly sourced cup of coffee. 片語搭配

尋找採購來源更負責任的咖啡。

One example of this is Fairtrade, an ethical standards scheme 用詞

這方面的一個例子是公平貿易 (Fairtrade)，這是一項道德標準計畫，

which guarantees a fair price for coffee producers 片語搭配

保證為南美洲、

in South America,

非洲和亞洲的咖啡生產者

Africa and Asia.

提供公平的價格。

Another recent development is the use of microlots,

另一個最近的發展是微批次 (microlots) 的使用，

small plots of land which grow specialized coffee beans

這是種植特色咖啡豆的小塊土地，

prized for their high quality and unique flavor. 片語搭配

因其高品質和獨特的風味而備受推崇。

Fairtrade and microlot coffee are part of a shift in focus towards quality, 表達脈絡

公平貿易和微批次咖啡是向高品質、

artisanal coffee.

手工工藝咖啡 (artisanal coffee) 轉變的一部分。

Coffee made by hand in the traditional way by skilled growers.

由熟練的種植者以傳統方式手工製作的咖啡。

It's artisanal coffee that's often sold in smaller independent coffee shops, 用詞

這種手工咖啡通常在較小的獨立咖啡店裡出售，

preferred by trendy hipsters. 用詞

備受時尚潮人的青睞。

So coffee in Britain has come a long way from the days it traveled for months by sea 慣用語

因此，英國的咖啡經歷了漫長的發展，已遠非昔日那種要在海上漂泊數月

from far away places like Ethiopia and Java.

從衣索比亞和爪哇等遙遠地方運來的樣子了。

Which reminds me, 表達脈絡

這提醒了我，

Sam,

Sam，

what was the answer to your question?

你剛才那個問題的答案是什麼？

Ah,

啊，

I asked Neil which city gave its name to the first coffee to arrive in Britain in the 1600s.

我問 Neil 17 世紀第一批到達英國的咖啡是以哪個城市的名字命名的。

I guessed it was B) mocha,

我猜是 B) 摩卡，

which happens to be my favorite drink. 語氣意圖

碰巧這也是我最喜歡的飲料。

Well,

嗯，

you guessed right because that was the correct answer.

你猜對了，因為那就是正確答案。

You certainly know your coffee, 語氣意圖

你肯定很懂咖啡，

Neil.

Neil。

Right.

好了。

Let's recap the vocabulary we've used in this program on the history of coffee,

讓我們複習一下在這個關於咖啡歷史的節目中用到的詞彙，

a drink which can perk you up,

這是一種能讓你提神 (perk you up) 的飲料，

give you more energy and make you feel awake.

給你更多能量，讓你感到清醒。

Many people drink coffee for the caffeine hit,

許多人喝咖啡是為了咖啡因的刺激 (caffeine hit)，

the way caffeine,

即咖啡因——

which is contained in coffee,

這種存在於咖啡中的物質——

stimulates your body and mind.

刺激你的身體和大腦的方式。

The effect can be so strong, 文法

這種效果可能很強烈，

you might have to wean yourself off it,

你可能必須戒掉 (wean off) 它，

gradually stop using something which is bad for you.

逐漸停止使用對你有害的東西。

Fairtrade coffee refers to a scheme which ensures that coffee farmers receive a fair price for growing their product, 表達脈絡

公平貿易 (Fairtrade) 咖啡指的是一項計畫，確保咖啡農因為種植他們的產品而獲得公平的價格，

while a microlot is a small plot of land specializing in coffee beans of a very high quality or unique flavor. 片語搭配

而微批次 (microlot) 是一小塊專門種植具有非常高品質或獨特風味的咖啡豆的土地。

Finally,

最後，

artisanal describes something made by artisans, 表達脈絡

手作工藝的 (artisanal) 描述的是工匠製作的東西，

skilled workers who make things by hand in a traditional way.

也就是以傳統方式手工製作東西的熟練工人。

Once again,

再一次，

our six minutes are up. 慣用語

我們的六分鐘到了。

I'm off to get myself a hot steamy mocha. 語氣意圖

我要去給自己買一杯熱氣騰騰的摩卡了。

Bye for now.

暫且拜拜啦。

Goodbye.

再見。

Six Minute English

六分鐘英語

from the BBC.

來自 BBC。