腦寄生蟲如何改變宿主的行為 - 雅普·德羅德：英語精讀講義

這個開場問題在科普敘事中的主要功能是什麼？

1. 完整定義所有這些對象
2. 表示說話者完全不知道答案
3. 在解釋揭示共同點之前先製造懸念

一位科學家想強調某項特徵經過許多世代才形成。哪一個句子最準確？

1. Some cave fish can navigate in complete darkness.
2. Some cave fish have learned to navigate in complete darkness.
3. Some cave fish have evolved the ability to navigate in complete darkness.

用目標體型比較片語完成句子：The robot pushed a boulder ____.

在這個生物學句子中，parasites 是什麼意思？

1. 總是幫助宿主而自身不獲益的生物。
2. 生活在宿主表面或體內、從中獲益並傷害宿主的生物。
3. 捕捉並立刻吃掉獵物的掠食者。

organisms that live on or inside another host organism 在句中有什麼作用？

1. 它重新說明 parasites，並用關係子句為它下定義。
2. 它引入了與 parasites 一起生活的另一類生物。
3. 它指出了哪些生物充當 parasites 的宿主。

在 which they harm and sometimes even kill 中，which 和 they 分別指什麼？

1. which = 寄生生物；they = 宿主生物
2. 兩個代名詞都 = 宿主生物
3. which = 宿主生物；they = 寄生生物

用 receive 的正確形式完成句子：The garden's health depends on ____ enough sunlight.

用 from one X to the next 結構和 department 完成句子：The report moved ____ as each group reviewed it.

在寄生生物的傳播鏈中，intermediate species 扮演什麼角色？

1. 它只是體型處於平均程度的物種。
2. 它必須是傳播鏈中的最後一個宿主。
3. 它在後續宿主之前構成一個中間環節。

使用 reduce 的正確形式填空：The phone saves battery power by ____ background activity.

在這句科普表達中，direct brain hijacking 最可能是什麼意思？

1. 寄生生物在宿主體內時劫持了一輛交通工具。
2. 寄生生物直接奪取或干擾宿主大腦及其行為的控制權。
3. 寄生生物真的偷走並帶走宿主的大腦。

選擇能正確引出完整例句的連接語：Many animals migrate long distances. ___, monarch butterflies travel thousands of kilometers.

1. For example
2. Such as
3. Because

哪一句使用 needs... but... prefers... 清楚地建立了雙方之間的衝突？

1. The garden gets sunlight, and the fern grows beside the wall.
2. The fern needed water after a hot afternoon.
3. The garden needs full sun, but this fern prefers deep shade.

哪一句中的 once 表示達到某個條件後會觸發下一件事？

1. Check each ticket once before you enter.
2. Once the gate opens, the runners will move forward.
3. I visited the stadium once last summer.

用「形容詞 + enough + to 不定詞」結構中缺少的單字完成句子：The seedling is strong ____ to survive outside.

在句子「Radio interference garbled the rescue team's message.」中，干擾造成了什麼？

1. 它清楚而準確地重複了訊息。
2. 它把訊息翻譯成另一種語言。
3. 它使訊息變得混亂或難以理解。

用以 in the 開頭的目標三字片語完成句子：Maya tried to fix the lamp but broke a wire ____.

聆聽完整的英文句子，選出你聽到的正確句子。注意表示移動的動詞以什麼音開頭，並聽清楚表示方向的字。

1. The worm wiggles out of the fruit.
2. The worm wriggles out of the fruit.
3. The worm wriggles under the fruit.

用過去式的 get 被動語態完成句子，說明發生了什麼，並指出 ants 是動作執行者：During the picnic, our sandwiches ____ ants.

用一個表示「一個結果引出下一個結果」而非「作為回報」的兩字片語完成句子：The storm flooded the field, which ____ forced the school to cancel the game.

在這個句子中，thus 表示什麼關係：The experiment failed twice; thus, the team changed its method?

1. 方法的改變發生在失敗之前。
2. 先前的失敗造成了方法的改變。
3. 這兩個事實只是在互相對比。

使用本則筆記中的連字號形容詞完成句子：The report describes the chemical's ____ effects.

哪個句子表示訊號沿著一條神經移動並抵達大腦？

1. The signal travels around the nerve near the brain.
2. The signal travels from the brain to the nerve.
3. The signal travels up the nerve to the brain.

用一個關係副詞連接地點和在那裡發生的事情：The medicine reaches the liver, ____ it is processed.

使用 do 替代結構避免重複 stop，完成句子：The music may stop suddenly, but before ____, you will hear a warning tone.

用目標片語動詞的原形完成句子：To meet rising demand, the factory will ____ production next month.

使用 read 和 make + it + hard + to do 結構完成句子：The glare makes ____ the screen.

用 likely 的比較級加上 to 完成句子：Clear instructions make users ____ finish the setup correctly.

請將 passed、it 和 on 按自然語序填入空格：The nurse received the update and ____ to the next shift.

在演講中，And now, meet our next guest 的主要功能是什麼？

1. 用生動的主持人口吻引出下一個介紹對象
2. 宣布演講已經結束
3. 安排與來賓面對面會面

使用本課中意為「也叫作」的確切片語完成句子：The aurora borealis is ____ the northern lights.

使用本課中意為「首選的」的確切兩字片語完成句子：For sketching, a pencil is Mia's tool ____.

在例句中，exoskeleton 是什麼意思？

1. 只位於動物體內的一組骨頭
2. 位於動物身體外部、具有支撐與保護作用的堅硬構造
3. 用來消化食物的柔軟器官

請用 set 加上正確的字詞完成句子，表達「觸發」的意思：Opening this door can ____ the alarm.

用 cry 的正確形式完成句子：The sudden noise made the baby ____.

用 leave 的正確形式完成句子：The evacuation order compelled residents ____.

請用 “stumble onto” 的過去式完成句子：During our walk, we ____ a quiet beach that was not on the map.

聆聽完整的英文句子並選出聽到的內容。注意 latches 是否有額外的 /ɪz/ 音節。

1. The clip catches on the edge.
2. The clip latches onto the edge.
3. The clip latched onto the edge.

用 parasitize 的正確形式完成句子：A tiny worm ____ a fish and takes nutrients from it.

哪個句子中的 shoots off 表示「把某物迅速從來源處噴射出去」？

1. Maya shoots off as soon as the bell rings.
2. The team shoots off a quick reply to the coach.
3. When the pod dries, it shoots off seeds in every direction.

請用 turn ... into 完成句子：At art club, we can ____ old jars ____ useful lamps.

選出文法正確的句子。

1. One of the city's oldest buildings were damaged in the storm.
2. One of the city's oldest building was damaged in the storm.
3. One of the city's oldest buildings was damaged in the storm.

朋友因為覺得考試很難而沮喪。哪一句最自然地提供了一點情緒上的安慰？

1. If it's any consolation, almost everyone found the exam difficult.
2. By the way, the exam started at nine.
3. To be exact, almost everyone found the exam difficult.

使用否定 it-cleft 完成句子：It ____ the traffic ____ caused the delay; it was a power cut.

朋友以為你說的是顏色，但你說的是尺寸。哪一句能清楚地把話題拉回正確對象？

1. I'm talking about whether the color is bright.
2. I'm talking to the size, not the color.
3. I'm talking about the size, not the color.

根據原句，Plasmodium 是什麼？

1. 它是一個寄生生物的屬，其中的物種會引發瘧疾。
2. 它就是傳播瘧疾的蚊子。
3. 它是一種引發一般感冒的病毒。

哪一句中的 shuttle 是動詞，表示在不同地點之間反覆運送某物？

1. The van shuttles samples between the two labs.
2. We waited for a shuttle outside the terminal.
3. The airport shuttle was already full.

哪一句正確使用了 make + 受詞 + 原形動詞和 for longer？

1. The new schedule makes us to work more often and for longer.
2. The new schedule makes us working more often and for longer.
3. The new schedule makes us work more often and for longer.

哪一句最自然地補充一項有研究支持、但並非絕對確定的發現？

1. There's also evidence that short walks can improve concentration.
2. Research also proves that short walks improve everyone's concentration.
3. There's also an evidence to short walks can improve concentration.

請填入用來引出「覺得某事物有吸引力的群體」的介系詞：The low price is attractive ____ first-time buyers.

用 so...that 完成表示程度與結果的句型：The backpack was ____ heavy ____ I had to put it down.

用一個四字詞的英文表達完成句子，表示以億為單位的大概數量：The app has ____ users worldwide.

哪一句自然地使用 And finally, 引出清單中的最後一項？

1. And finally, this is the first topic on our list.
2. And finally because the safety rule is important.
3. And finally, let's discuss the last safety rule.

一位朋友說：「I am having serious trouble breathing.」這時只回答「Don't worry.」是否適當且充分？

1. 適當且充分
2. 不適當，也不充分

這裡的 I mean, probably. 有什麼作用？

1. 它用幽默的方式降低了前面安撫話語的確定度。
2. 它把安撫話語變成了確定的科學結論。
3. 它帶入了一個完全不同的新話題。

用 there is ... called ... 結構完成句子：____ a small island ____ Saba in the Caribbean.

補完成對結構 both ... and，讓句子清楚表示兩個條件都不可少：The trip needs ____ time ____ money to plan well.

哪一句表示飲用受污染的水是感染途徑？

1. He got infected by drinking contaminated water.
2. He got infected after drinking contaminated water.
3. He was infected with a waterborne virus.

使用 making + 受詞 + 形容詞表達指定的結果：The teacher explained the plan clearly, ____.（結果：每個人都變得比較平靜。）

這句話中的 maybe even 有什麼作用？

1. 增加一種更令人意外、但仍不確定的可能性。
2. 表示老鼠一定會靠近這些貓。
3. 表示受到吸引發生在警覺性降低之前。

哪一句正確使用了 easy prey 來表示「容易下手的目標」？

1. People who reuse simple passwords can become easily prey for scammers.
2. People who reuse simple passwords can become easy pray for scammers.
3. People who reuse simple passwords can become easy prey for scammers.

哪一行使用相同的「名詞片語 + 結果詞」結構，聽起來像簡短的狀態報告？

1. System reboot, successful.
2. The system reboot was successful.
3. Was the system reboot successful?

填入一個單字，把這項發現呈現為更令人意外的下一層資訊：There's ____ evidence that regular walks can improve sleep quality.

用本課表達補完整句子，使其表示「在大多數情況下」：____, the update installs automatically, but a few devices need manual setup.

哪一句中的 manage 表示「成功完成一項困難的壯舉」？

1. The supervisor manages a team of eight nurses.
2. The app manages your passwords automatically.
3. The rescue team managed the feat of reaching the hikers before dark.

用本課中由五個英文單字組成、強調「確實已知的資訊」的框架完成句子：We still lack some details. But ____, the evidence points to a wiring problem.

哪一句用 toolbox 比喻「一系列方法」？

1. The mediator has a diverse toolbox of strategies for resolving disputes.
2. The red toolbox is under the bench.
3. The mechanic locked the toolbox after work.

初步結果顯示可能有好處，但研究人員還不確定。哪一句能自然地表達這種謹慎判斷？

1. The new material seems to reduce heat loss, but more testing is needed.
2. The new material seems reducing heat loss, but more testing is needed.
3. The new material definitely eliminates all heat loss.

哪一句正確使用 on the other hand 來表示真正的對比？

1. This laptop is light. On the other hand, its battery lasts only four hours.
2. This laptop is light. On the other hand, it is easy to carry.
3. This laptop is light. On the contrary, it weighs only one kilogram.

用 force 的 -ing 形式和不定詞標記完成句子：The storm closed the bridge, ____ us ____ take a longer route.

判斷以下表達用在生動的口語敘事中是否自然：The alarm rang over and over and over again.

1. 自然：額外的重複刻意讓動作顯得一直不停。
2. 不自然：英語絕對不允許為了強調而重複單字。

證據仍然有限時，哪一句最適合陳述一種可能的原因？

1. The chemical cannot cause headaches because the evidence is still limited.
2. The chemical may cause headaches, but the evidence is still limited.
3. The chemical causes headaches; the link has been firmly established.

用 put X into overdrive 的簡單過去式完成句子，填寫兩個空格：The unexpected demand ____ the small factory ____.

一份報告列出了幾個可能的原因，但每種情況下要採取的安全措施都相同。哪一句最適合引出這個共同結論？

1. Choose whichever cause sounds most likely.
2. Because the cause is already known, we can skip the check.
3. Whatever the cause, we must check the equipment immediately.

在演講中，When you think about the evidence, you may wonder ... 這個句型有什麼作用？

1. 它引導聽者從已知證據轉向由此產生的問題。
2. 它宣布這些證據是錯誤的。
3. 它要求聽者立刻口頭回答。

下面哪一句中的 doing the talking 表示某種隱藏力量正在影響一個人的言語或行為？

1. The two presenters were doing the talking while their guest listened.
2. The microphone was on the table during the talk.
3. After a sleepless night, irritation was doing the talking, not her usual patience.

選出 since 用來引出原因的句子。

1. The store has been open since noon.
2. Since the roads are icy, the school will open two hours late.
3. I have lived here since 2020.

用含 could 的兩個字補完句子，表達保留餘地的可能性：The cave ____ deeper than we think.