如果地球被踢出太陽系會怎樣？流浪地球：英語精讀講義

The night sky seems peaceful and orderly.

夜空看似寧靜且井然有序。

But in reality,

但實際上，

stars are careening through the galaxy at speeds of hundreds of thousands of kilometers per hour.

恆星正以每小時數十萬公里的速度在星系中穿梭。

Not bound by static formations,

它們不受制於靜態的結構，

but changing neighborhoods constantly.

而是不斷地改變著鄰居。

Fortunately,

幸運的是，

space is big and so the stars of the Milky Way are very unlikely to hit us.

宇宙很大，因此銀河系中的恆星極不可能撞上我們。

Unfortunately,

不幸的是，

they don't have to hit anything to make us have a really bad time on Earth. 文法

它們並不需要撞上任何東西，就能讓地球上的我們日子難過。

And there are already stars starting to get very close.

而且已經有恆星開始離我們非常近了。

To understand how dangerous stars are to us, 表達脈絡

要理解恆星對我們有多危險，

we need to talk about gravity.

我們需要談談引力。

Gravity attracts every piece of matter to every other piece of matter in the universe.

引力將宇宙中的每一塊物質與其他每一塊物質吸引在一起。

You are attracted by an atom a million light years away and vice versa. 片語搭配

你會被一百萬光年外的一個原子吸引，反之亦然。

Luckily,

幸運的是，

this force gets weaker over distance

這種力量會隨著距離的增加而減弱，

and it also depends on how massive something is. 文法

而且它也取決於物體的質量有多大。

So things that are close and are very massive are more attractive,

因此，距離近且質量大的物體更具吸引力，

winning the cosmic tug of war. 慣用語

從而在宇宙的拔河比賽中獲勝。

This way,

這樣一來，

massive things define how smaller things behave around them.

大質量物體就決定了它們周圍較小物體的行為方式。

The Sun makes up 99.75% of all the mass in the solar system 片語動詞

太陽佔據了太陽系總質量的99.75%，

and so it shapes the behavior and orbits of everything else in it. 用詞

因此它塑造了太陽系中其他所有物體的行為和軌道。

Billions of years ago,

數十億年前，

after the Sun was born,

在太陽誕生之後，

the solar system was a chaotic and dangerous place

太陽系曾是一個混亂而危險的地方，

as the planets were formed from countless little pieces that collided constantly.

因為行星是由無數不斷碰撞的小碎塊形成的。

But over the eons,

但經過漫長的歲月，

a stable balance emerged.

一種穩定的平衡出現了。

Today,

如今，

most planets and asteroids have settled into safe and predictable orbits. 片語動詞

大多數行星和小行星都已進入安全且可預測的軌道。

We have the inner and outer planets,

我們有內行星和外行星，

the asteroid and Kuiper belt,

小行星帶和柯伊伯帶，

and at the edge,

而在邊緣地帶，

the Oort Cloud,

是奧爾特雲，

a giant sphere of comets orbiting slowly in cold storage. 慣用語

一個由在冷庫中緩慢運行的彗星組成的巨大球體。

We really don't want this balance to be disturbed.

我們真的不希望這種平衡被打破。

If another star came too close to us,

如果另一顆恆星離我們太近，

its gravity would pull on everything in the solar system like a spoiled toddler, 表達脈絡

它的引力就會像一個被寵壞的孩子一樣拉扯太陽系裡的一切，

messing up the pleasant order of the planets and asteroids and comets. 片語動詞

擾亂行星、小行星和彗星原本美好的秩序。

This isn't some imaginary danger.

這並不是什麼想像出來的危險。

Some 70,000 years ago,

大約在7萬年前，

a red dwarf brown dwarf binary system passed through the Oort Cloud and messed things up.

一個紅矮星和褐矮星組成的雙星系統穿過奧爾特雲並把那裡搞得一團糟。

It might even have sent a deadly onslaught of asteroids our way. 片語搭配

它甚至可能向我們發送了致命的小行星猛攻。

But it could take 2 million years until those visitors from the Oort Cloud arrive in the inner solar system.

但那些來自奧爾特雲的訪客可能需要200萬年才能到達內太陽系。

But there's a much bigger problem on the horizon. 慣用語

但眼前還有一個大得多的問題。

Gliese 710, a red dwarf with about half the mass of the Sun,

格利澤710，一顆質量約為太陽一半的紅矮星，

is currently headed towards the solar system.

目前正朝著太陽系飛來。

In about a million years,

大約在一百萬年後，

it'll pass through the Oort Cloud and become the brightest star in the night sky.

它將穿過奧爾特雲並成為夜空中最亮的恆星。

A close flyby like this would unfold over hundreds of thousands of years,

像這樣近距離的飛越將持續數十萬年，

disrupting the orbits of millions of objects in the Oort Cloud considerably.

極大地擾亂奧爾特雲中數百萬個物體的軌道。

If we're unlucky,

如果我們運氣不好，

it will trigger a new period of planetary bombardment similar to the early solar system.

它將引發一個類似於早期太陽系的新的行星轟炸期。

The night sky could be filled with comets and asteroids raining down on the inner solar system. 片語動詞

夜空可能會佈滿如雨點般落在內太陽系上的彗星和小行星。

The larger ones could cause dinosaur-level mass extinctions and would be bad for the stock market.

較大的那些可能會導致恐龍等級的物種大滅絕，而且對股市也不利。

But it could get much worse.

但情況可能會變得更糟。

The galaxy is an intense place and stars get close to each other regularly.

星系是一個激烈的地方，恆星之間經常會靠得很近。

So it is possible that a star could come much closer and not just pass us, 文法

因此，一顆恆星有可能靠得更近，不僅僅是與我們擦肩而過，

but fly directly through the inner solar system.

而是直接飛過內太陽系。

This would be very bad in the extreme.

這將是極端糟糕的情況。

The chance of another star colliding with the Sun is astronomically unlikely, 慣用語

另一顆恆星與太陽相撞的可能性極其渺茫，

but that isn't what we're worried about.

但這並不是我們所擔心的。

If another star were to pass by about as close as the Earth is from the Sun, 文法

如果另一顆恆星從差不多地日距離的地方掠過，

it could easily eject the Earth from the solar system.

它很容易就能把地球踢出太陽系。

The odds of such an event are estimated to be around one in 100,000 片語搭配

這種事件發生的機率估計約為十萬分之一

in the next 5 billion years.

在接下來的50億年裡。

Small,

機率很小，

but not absurdly so. 文法

但並非荒謬到不可能。

As we discussed in another video,

正如我們在另一段影片中討論過的，

there seem to be billions of rogue planets doing their own thing in the galaxy 慣用語

星系中似乎有數十億顆流浪行星在做自己的事情，

and this is one way to make them.

而這就是產生它們的一種方式。

So if this were to happen with an average red dwarf,

那麼，如果這種事是由一顆普通的紅矮星引發的，

what would happen on Earth?

地球上會發生什麼呢？

Kicking Earth out of the solar system.

把地球踢出太陽系。

As the star enters the solar system,

當這顆恆星進入太陽系時，

a small orangish dot appears in the sky that grows bigger and bigger for months,

天空中會出現一個橙色的小圓點，在幾個月內越變越大，

eventually becoming visible during the day.

最終在白天也清晰可見。

It would get bigger and much brighter than the Moon.

它會變得比月亮更大且明亮得多。

Too bright to look at directly. 文法

亮得讓人無法直視。

The night sky would be filled with an eerie red glow.

夜空將被一種詭異的紅光所籠罩。

After a few months,

幾個月後，

it would start shrinking again.

它又會開始縮小。

But so would the Sun. 文法

但太陽也會縮小。

Over a few years,

在幾年的時間裡，

the Sun slowly grows smaller in the sky

太陽在天空中慢慢變小，

and with it warmth and light start to dissipate.

隨之而來的是溫暖和光亮開始消散。

All around the world,

在世界各地，

as the days turn dark,

隨著白天變暗，

the final winter of humanity would begin.

人類最後的冬天將拉開帷幕。

The polar ice caps begin to grow and spread

極地冰蓋開始生長和蔓延，

while plants shrivel and die.

而植物則枯萎死亡。

Forests freeze and animals die in droves. 慣用語

森林被凍結，動物成群結隊地死去。

As the Earth passes the orbit of Mars,

當地球越過火星軌道時，

the average surface temperature has plummeted to near minus 50 degrees Celsius.

平均地表溫度已經暴跌至接近零下50攝氏度。

From space,

從太空中看，

Earth begins to look like an icy moon,

地球開始看起來像一顆冰冷的衛星，

the blue-green surface becoming the pale gray white of death.

藍綠色的表面變成了死亡般蒼白的灰白色。

As global infrastructure breaks down, 片語動詞

隨著全球基礎設施崩潰，

people huddle together indoors,

人們在室內擠作一團，

burning what they can for warmth as the temperature continues to drop, 文法

隨著溫度繼續下降，燃燒他們能找到的一切來取暖，

counting the days until they'll be out of food which no longer grows.

數著日子，直到他們耗盡再也無法生長出來的食物。

Everybody living at the surface is living on borrowed time. 慣用語

每一個生活在地表的人都是在借來的時間裡苟延殘喘。

By the time Earth reaches Jupiter's orbit, 文法

當地球到達木星軌道時，

surface temperatures sink to minus 150 degrees Celsius,

地表溫度降至零下150攝氏度，

lower than the coldest ever recorded temperatures in Antarctica.

比南極洲有記錄以來最冷的溫度還要低。

Needless to say, 表達脈絡

不用說，

by now,

到這個時候，

almost everyone is dead.

幾乎所有人都死了。

Without the energy from sunlight to evaporate water, 文法

沒有陽光的能量來蒸發水分，

clouds don't form and the water cycle stops.

雲層無法形成，水循環停止。

The polar ice caps eventually touch at the equator

極地冰蓋最終在赤道相接，

and the oceans become covered in a thick layer of ice.

海洋被一層厚厚的冰層覆蓋。

As more and more of its heat leaks out,

隨著越來越多的熱量流失，

more water freezes onto the bottom of the ice sheet,

更多的水在冰蓋底部凍結，

the concentration of salt in the deep ocean grows,

深海中的鹽濃度增加，

poisoning most animals that survived here.

毒死了在這裡倖存的大多數動物。

Although around hydrothermal vents, 文化背景

儘管在深海熱泉周圍，

communities of extremophiles might adapt even to these circumstances.

嗜極生物群落可能甚至能適應這些環境。

Deep below the surface,

在地表深處，

some bacteria would not notice much of any of this

一些細菌可能不會注意到其中的任何變化，

as they're still kept warm by the radioactive decay of elements in the Earth's core.

因為它們仍然受到地球核心元素放射性衰變所保持的溫暖。

As the Earth reaches the orbit of Pluto and the Kuiper belt,

當地球到達冥王星軌道和柯伊伯帶時，

the Sun is still the brightest star in the sky,

太陽依然是天空中最亮的星星，

but it's one among many,

但它只是眾多星星中的一顆，

with stars now visible during the day.

現在白天也能看到星星了。

The temperature is now barely 40 degrees Celsius above absolute zero,

現在溫度僅比絕對零度高出勉強40攝氏度，

below the freezing temperature of the gases in the atmosphere.

低於大氣中氣體的凝固點。

A weird spectacle enjoyed by no one,

一場沒有人能欣賞的奇異奇觀，

unfortunately,

不幸地，

unfolds as the atmosphere turns into nitrogen and then oxygen snow.

隨著大氣層變成氮雪，然後是氧雪而展開。

Over a few years,

在幾年之內，

it's deposited into an icy 10-m thick sheet all over the planet's surface

它沉積成一層10公尺厚的冰層，覆蓋在整個星球表面，

with only a thin whisper of gas remaining. 慣用語

只剩下稀薄的殘餘氣體。

The frozen corpses of flora and fauna are buried beneath them.

動植物冰冷的屍體被埋在它們下面。

As Earth leaves the solar system,

當地球離開太陽系時，

it becomes a rogue planet,

它變成了一顆流浪行星，

traveling alone through the dark,

在黑暗中獨自旅行，

lifeless and in solitude.

死氣沉沉，孤獨無依。

But weirdly enough, 片語搭配

但奇怪的是，

there is hope.

還是有希望的。

Humanity would not be surprised by this potential extinction event.

人類不會對這種潛在的滅絕事件感到意外。

We'd notice it thousands of years in advance. 片語搭配

我們會提前數千年注意到它。

There's not a lot we could do to stop a star, 表達脈絡

要阻止一顆恆星我們做不了什麼，

but we could prepare.

但我們可以做好準備。

Most of us would perish,

我們大多數人會死去，

but a few million could survive in huge artificial complexes powered by geothermal and nuclear energy,

但可能有幾百萬人能夠在巨大的地下人造設施中倖存下來，這些設施由地熱和核能供電，

possibly even fusion if we can learn to use the ice around us for power.

如果我們能學會利用周圍的冰來發電，甚至可能使用融合能。

Here,

在這裡，

humanity might survive for hundreds of thousands of years.

人類可能存活數十萬年。

At some point,

在某個時刻，

we would become used to our circumstances 文法

我們會習慣自己的環境，

and new generations would watch documentaries in disbelief 片語搭配

而新一代的人則會難以置信地觀看紀錄片，

about the time we had our own star and could walk the surface of Earth.

了解那個我們擁有自己的恆星並能在地球表面行走的時代。

And at some point,

在某個時刻，

we might decide to look for another home.

我們可能會決定尋找另一個家。

If the Earth were lucky enough to pass by another star with a habitable planet, 文法

如果地球足夠幸運地經過另一顆帶有宜居行星的恆星，

we could try to make a fresh start. 片語搭配

我們可以嘗試重新開始。

Space flight,

太空飛行，

oddly enough,

奇怪的是，

would become very easy without the atmosphere in the way. 慣用語

如果沒有大氣層的阻礙，將變得非常容易。

So it's not unthinkable that the last survivors would leave Earth behind 文法

因此，最後的倖存者離開地球，

and try again on a new planet around a new star.

並在一顆新恆星周圍的新行星上重新開始，這並非不可想像。

Maybe one day,

也許有一天，

thousands of years later,

數千年後，

the descendants of humanity will tell legends about Earth's ancient past.

人類的後代將講述關於地球遠古過去的傳說。

Stories of our lost home,

關於我們失去的家園的故事，

of a mysterious icy planet floating alone and empty through the dark of space.

關於一顆神秘的冰冷星球，空蕩蕩地獨自在黑暗的太空中漂泊的故事。

Welcome to the Kurzgesagt Lab.

歡迎來到 Kurzgesagt 實驗室。

Let's conduct a few better experiments. 片語搭配

讓我們來進行一些更好的實驗。

We'll first add some more mass to this protostar.

我們先給這顆原恆星增加一些質量。

More.

多一點。

A bit more.

再多一點。

Wow,

哇，

we've just created a blue giant,

我們剛剛創造了一顆藍巨星，

a star with 10 times the mass of our Sun.

一顆質量是我們太陽10倍的恆星。

Let's now add a couple of million years and see what happens.

現在讓我們加上幾百萬年，看看會發生什麼。

A supernova.

超新星爆發。

Breath-taking.

驚為天人。

And look,

看，

it leaves behind a black hole. 片語動詞

它留下了一個黑洞。

Fascinating stuff.

非常迷人。

Now we record our findings. 片語搭配

現在我們記錄下我們的發現。

Be careful to preserve the sparkle.

小心保留光芒。

It's now time for Duck's final inspection.

現在到了 Duck 進行最終檢查的時間了。

This one is always a nail-biter. 慣用語

這總是讓人捏一把汗。

He has incredibly high standards. 片語搭配

它的標準高得離譜。

Lucky for us,

幸運的是，

our work is scientifically accurate,

我們的工作在科學上是準確的，

offers an overview of important astrophysical processes,

提供了重要天體物理過程的概述，

and is a real stunner. 用詞

並且絕對讓人驚豔。

Duck approves.

Duck 批准了。

Looks like it's ready to be shared with the world as a poster,

看來它準備好作為一張海報與世界分享了，

a very special piece of Kurzgesagt you can take home and touch.

一份非常特別的 Kurzgesagt 作品，你可以帶回家並觸摸它。

You can get this very special poster along with many other sciencey and spacey things crew chased with love and care from our shop.

你可以從我們的商店購買這張非常特別的海報，以及許多其他充滿愛與用心製作的科學和太空產品。

Every Kurzgesagt product you buy directly funds another moment we get to spend working on our videos.

您購買的每一件 Kurzgesagt 產品都能直接資助我們花更多時間製作影片。

Thank you so much for being a part of our story

非常感謝您成為我們故事的一部分，

and for making this channel possible.

並讓這個頻道成為可能。