你會在人群中感到孤獨嗎？⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com

bbclearningenglish.com 的六分鐘英語

Hello,

大家好，

this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

這裡是 BBC Learning English 的六分鐘英語。

I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

There was a huge crowd of people waiting at the train station this morning, Neil. 片語搭配

今天早上火車站有一大群人等著，Neil。

When the train finally arrived,

當火車終於到達時，

everyone rushed in and I couldn't find a seat. 片語動詞

大家都衝了進去，我連個座位都找不到。

I hate crowds.

我討厭擁擠的人群。

But you love going to the football match on Saturday.

但你喜歡星期六去看足球比賽呀。

Ah, well, that's different.

啊，嗯，那不一樣。

More like a big group of friends. 語氣意圖

那更像是一大群朋友。

Well, whether it's sporting events, train stations, 文法

好吧，無論是體育賽事、火車站，

or political protests, crowds,

還是政治抗議活動，人群，

that's large groups of people who gather together for a shared activity, 片語搭配

也就是為了共同活動聚集在一起的一大群人，

are a feature of life.

都是生活的特徵。

For some, crowds create feelings of excitement and a sense of community. 表達脈絡

對一些人來說，人群會帶來興奮感和社區歸屬感。

Well, for others, they feel uncomfortable, confusing, or even dangerous.

然而，對於另一些人來說，他們感到不舒服、困惑甚至危險。

So, why is that?

那麼，為什麼會這樣呢？

In this program, we'll be discussing the role of crowds in modern life,

在本期節目中，我們將討論人群在現代生活中的作用，

asking why they evoke different reactions in people. 片語搭配

探討為什麼他們會在人們身上喚起不同的反應。

And as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.

像往常一樣，我們也將學習一些新詞彙。

But first, I have a question for you, Neil.

但首先，Neil，我有一個問題要問你。

The biggest crowd in history happened in 2019,

歷史上最大規模的人群聚集發生在2019年，

when over 200 million people gathered in the northern Indian city of Allahabad. 文化背景

當時超過兩億人聚集在印度北部城市安拉阿巴德（Allahabad）。

But what did so many people come together for? 片語動詞

但是這麼多人是為了什麼聚在一起的呢？

Was it A, a cricket match,

是 A，一場板球比賽，

B, a religious festival,

B，一個宗教節日，

or C, an election?

還是 C，一場選舉？

Well, I know Indians love cricket,

嗯，我知道印度人喜歡板球，

but I doubt 200 million people would fit into a stadium, 文法

但我懷疑兩億人能不能塞進一個體育場，

so I'll guess it's C, an election.

所以我猜是 C，一場選舉。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

We'll find out the answer later in the program. 片語動詞

我們稍後在節目中揭曉答案。

People gathering for a cricket match or a music concert are usually happy events.

人們為了板球比賽或音樂會聚在一起通常是快樂的事。

But crowds can have a darker side as well. 慣用語

但是人群也有陰暗的一面。

They can become out of control and sometimes even violent. 片語搭配

他們可能會失控，有時甚至會變得暴力。

Here's psychologist Professor John Drury

下面是心理學家 John Drury 教授

discussing this idea with Anand Jagatia,

與 Anand Jagatia 討論這個想法的片段，

presenter of the BBC World Service program appropriately named CrowdScience. 表達脈絡

Anand 是 BBC 世界廣播電台一個恰如其名叫做 CrowdScience（人群科學）的節目主持人。

When people get together in a crowd,

當人們在人群中聚集時，

they regress psychologically.

他們在心理上會退化（regress）。

Their thinking is more primitive.

他們的思維變得更加原始。

They become more gullible.

他們變得更容易上當受騙（gullible）。

And that's also associated with a supposed tendency towards violence as well. 片語搭配

而且這也往往被認為與暴力傾向有關。

But according to John,

但根據 John 的說法，

the idea of mob mentality

這種關於暴民心態（mob mentality）的想法，

that people in crowds are irrational and prone to destructive behavior 片語搭配

即人群中的人們是非理性的並傾向於破壞性行為，

just isn't backed up by research. 片語動詞

是沒有研究支持的。

One view is that when people get together in a crowd, 表達脈絡

一種觀點認為，當人們聚集在人群中時，

they become irrational.

他們會變得非理性。

Psychologically speaking,

從心理學上講，

they regress. 用詞

他們退化了（regress）。

They return to a less advanced more primitive way of behaving.

他們回到了不那麼先進、更原始的行為方式。

They may also become more gullible, 用詞

他們也可能變得更易受騙（gullible），

an adjective meaning easily tricked

這個形容詞的意思是容易被騙

or willing to believe everything someone says.

或者願意相信別人說的一切。

Connected to this is the phrase mob mentality, 用詞

與此相關的是短語暴民心態（mob mentality），

the tendency of people in a group

也就是群體中的人們

to behave in the same way as others in the group,

傾向於跟群體中其他人採取相同行為，

rather than as individuals.

而不是作為個體行動。

In crowds,

在人群中，

people may do things they would never do alone, 文法

人們可能會做他們單獨一人時絕不會做的事情，

like steal or use violence.

比如偷竊或使用暴力。

But according to Professor Drury,

但根據 Drury 教授的說法，

in reality,

在現實中，

it's not mob mentality and violence, 表達脈絡

人群的特徵其實不是暴民心態和暴力，

but rather feelings of safety and togetherness

而往往是安全感和歸屬感

that actually characterize crowds.

這才是人群真正的特徵。

And according to Dr. Anne Templeton,

而根據 Anne Templeton 博士，

another expert on crowd psychology from the University of Edinburgh,

另一位來自愛丁堡大學的人群心理學專家的說法，

that's especially true when you identify with the other people in a crowd. 片語動詞

當你認同人群中的其他人時，尤其如此。

Here's Dr. Templeton explaining more to BBC World Service program CrowdScience.

以下是 Templeton 博士在 BBC 世界廣播電台的 CrowdScience 節目中的進一步解釋。

The more people feel like they are a part of a group with others in the crowd, 文法

人們越是覺得他們與人群中的其他人同屬一個群體，

the more enjoyable experience they have.

他們的體驗就越愉快。

There's a correlation between having that social identification 講解

在擁有這種社會認同感

and feeling safer.

和感到更安全之間存在著相關性。

So, often,

所以，通常，

if we feel like we are in a group with others,

如果我們感覺我們和別人在同一個群體中，

we expect them to look after us. 片語動詞

我們會期望他們照顧我們。

The flip side of that is when you don't feel as much part of the group 慣用語

另一面是當你沒有那麼強烈地感覺到是這個群體的一部分時，

and you're not having this positive experience.

你就不會有這種積極的體驗。

Dr. Templeton thinks there is a correlation,

Templeton 博士認為存在一種相關性（correlation），

that's a connection or a link between being among people who share your values 片語搭配

那就是在與你價值觀相同的人在一起

and feeling safe.

和感到安全之間的聯繫或紐帶。

Football fans cheer their team on by wearing the same colors 片語動詞

足球迷們通過穿相同顏色的衣服來為他們的球隊歡呼，

and singing the same songs,

並唱同一首歌，

and this works as a kind of glue bonding the crowd together 慣用語

這就像一種把人群粘合在一起的膠水，

and making them feel safe.

讓他們感到安全。

The disadvantage of this, 表達脈絡

這個的缺點是，

however,

然而，

is when you don't feel part of the crowd you're with.

就是當你感覺不屬於你所在的人群時。

Dr. Templeton calls this the flip side,

Templeton 博士稱這為另一面（flip side），

the opposite,

即某事物的反面，

less good or less pleasant aspect of something.

不太好或不太令人愉快的一面。

In today's world,

在今天的世界裡，

crowds are important because of the feeling of power they give us.

人群很重要，因為他們給了我們力量感。

It's one thing sitting alone shouting at the news on television, 文法

一個人坐在那裡對著電視上的新聞大喊是一回事，

but it's something else altogether to march on a political protest 文化背景

但參加政治抗議遊行完全是另一回事，

with hundreds of demonstrators

與數百名示威者一起

feeling that together you could change the world.

覺得你們一起可以改變世界。

Maybe that's what everyone was doing in 2019, Sam.

也許那就是2019年所有人都在做的事，Sam。

Right.

對的。

In my question,

在我的問題中，

I asked you why 200 million people gathered in the Indian city of Allahabad in 2019.

我問你2019年為什麼有兩億人聚集在印度城市安拉阿巴德（Allahabad）。

I guessed it was to vote in an election.

我猜是為了在選舉中投票。

Was I right?

我猜對了嗎？

Ah, you were wrong,

啊，你錯了，

I'm afraid, Neil. 語氣意圖

恐怕，Neil。

In fact,

事實上，

the biggest crowd in history had gathered for a Hindu religious festival, 文化背景

歷史上最大規模的人群是為了一個印度教宗教節日而聚集的，

the Kumbh Mela,

即大壺節（Kumbh Mela），

which 220 million people attended over 50 days.

共有2.2億人在50天內參加了這一節日。

Okay,

好的，

let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this program on crowds, 表達脈絡

讓我們回顧一下從這期關於人群的節目中學到的詞彙，

large numbers of people who gather together for a shared reason.

人群也就是為了共同原因聚集在一起的大量人群。

To regress means return to less advanced more primitive behaviors.

Regress 的意思是倒退到不那麼先進、更原始的行為。

Regress is the opposite of progress.

Regress 是 progress 的反義詞。

Someone who is gullible is easily tricked

容易上當受騙（gullible）的人很容易被欺騙，

and will believe anything people say.

並且會相信別人說的話。

The phrase mob mentality describes the tendency of people in a group

短語暴民心態（mob mentality）描述了一個群體中的人們

to behave in ways that conform with others in the group, 片語搭配

傾向於以符合群體中其他人的方式行事，

rather than as individuals.

而不是作為個體。

A correlation is a connection or a link between two things.

相關性（correlation）是事物之間的聯繫或紐帶。

And finally,

最後，

the flip side of something

某事物的另一面（flip side）

means those aspects of it which are less obvious good or pleasant.

意味著它那些不太明顯、不太好或不太愉快的方面。

The flip side of this program is that once again our 6 minutes are up. 片語搭配

本節目的另一面是，我們的6分鐘又到了。

Bye for now.

先說到這吧。

Bye-bye.

拜拜。

6 Minute English from the BBC.

來自 BBC 的六分鐘英語。