液態氮凍結你的皮膚需要多快？：英語精讀講義

If we dumped a puddle of liquid nitrogen straight into the palm of our hand,

如果我們把一灘液態氮直接倒進手心，

how long do you think it would take for the skin to cool down enough 文法

你認為皮膚需要多久才會降溫到

to where the nitrogen could latch on and bite it? 慣用語

能讓液態氮附著並咬上一口的程度？

Now, in previous videos,

在之前的影片中，

I've showed you that you can take liquid nitrogen and splash it in your face

我向大家展示過，你可以把液態氮潑到臉上，

or roll it off your hands with little to no effect. 片語搭配

或者讓它從手上滾落，幾乎不會有任何影響。

And that's because the Leidenfrost effect basically vaporizes the nitrogen into a gas, 文化背景

這是因為萊頓弗羅斯特效應基本上把液態氮蒸發成了氣體，

which shields you from the intense cold of this liquid.

在你和這種液體的極度嚴寒之間形成了一層保護罩。

But what do you think would happen

但你覺得會發生什麼，

if we left the nitrogen in one place for a little bit too long?

如果我們讓液態氮在一個地方停留的時間稍微長一點？

For example, what if we poured this into our hands

例如，如果我們把它倒在手上，

and just let it sit?

就任由它留在那裡？

Now, if we were to take a little bit of this liquid 文法

現在，如果我們取一點這種液體，

and just pour it in the palm of our hand,

直接倒在手心裡，

but we keep our hand moving fast enough,

只要我們的手保持足夠快的移動，

you can see the liquid doesn't actually do any damage.

你可以看到這液體實際上並沒有造成任何傷害。

It just skittles around kind of like playing a game of air hockey 用詞

它只是像玩空氣曲棍球一樣在上面滑來滑去，

until the nitrogen completely evaporates.

直到液態氮完全蒸發。

But what would happen if we stopped moving our hand

但如果我們停止移動手，

and let the liquid nitrogen settle down 片語動詞

讓液態氮穩定下來，

and stay in one place for a little bit longer?

並在一個地方停留稍微長一點，會發生什麼呢？

Okay, so this is where I start getting a little bit more nervous. 表達脈絡

好了，現在我開始有點緊張了。

I don't want to stop moving my hand

我不想停下我的手，

because I know what's going to happen.

因為我知道會發生什麼。

But watch this.

但看好了。

If I do stop for a second, watch right there.

如果我確實停頓一秒鐘，看這裡。

You can see it actually instantly frostbites the skin.

你可以看到它瞬間就把皮膚凍傷了。

Let's do that again with a little bit more liquid.

我們用多一點液體再試一次。

That's quite a bit.

這挺多的了。

I'm just going to

我只是要

Whoa!

哇哦！

You can see immediately it starts frostbiting me.

你馬上就能看到它開始凍傷我了。

And, uh, as it warms up,

然後，呃，隨著它變暖，

it disappears as quickly as it came. 文法

它消失得和來時一樣快。

Now, to me this feels like a little bit of a bee sting.

現在，對我來說，這感覺就像有點被蜜蜂螫了。

Almost like I got stung,

幾乎就像我被螫了一下，

and the pain lingers for about 10 to 20 seconds.

疼痛持續了大約10到20秒。

You can see the skin is turning a little bit red there.

你可以看到那裡的皮膚變紅了一點。

It's not to the point of where it'll be a first degree burn just yet.

還沒到一度燒傷的程度。

But it would be if we left it exposed a little bit longer.

但如果我們讓它暴露的時間再長一點，就會的。

Let's try a smaller bead here.

讓我們在這裡試一小滴。

Let that settle down.

讓它穩定下來。

Boom!

砰！

Ooh!

噢！

Okay, I chickened out. 片語動詞

好了，我退縮了。

I don't really want to keep this going much longer.

我真的不想讓這持續太久。

I'm going to try one little bead

我打算試一小滴，

and see if I can make it all the way through. 慣用語

看看我能不能堅持到底。

This may not be the smartest idea,

這可能不是最聰明的想法，

but I'm doing this for you.

但我是為了你們才這麼做的。

There we go.

好了。

There's a nice little bead.

這是一顆漂亮的小液滴。

We'll let it settle down and

我們讓它穩定下來，然後

Oh, man, that kind of actually hurt. 語氣意圖

哎呀，天哪，這還真有點痛。

So, you can see it's turned my skin completely white.

所以，你可以看到它把我的皮膚變得完全蒼白。

As it warms back up, though,

不過，隨著它恢復溫暖，

it starts to fade.

它開始消退。

You can see this is taking about 10 to 15 seconds.

你可以看到這大概需要10到15秒。

Now, I do feel a little bit of pain there.

現在，我確實感覺到那裡有點痛。

It is a lingering sensation

這是一種揮之不去感覺，

that feels like after you got stung by a bee.

就像被蜜蜂螫了之後的感覺。

And you can see the coloration in the hand is a little bit more red.

而且你可以看到手上的顏色變得更紅了一點。

But even at this point,

但即使到了這一步，

I wouldn't consider that a first degree burn.

我也不認為那是一度燒傷。

It might be an extreme case of frostnip, 用詞

這可能是極度表皮凍傷，

but I wouldn't expect that to blister up. 片語動詞

但我估計它不會起水泡。

You can see it only takes a fraction of a second 片語搭配

你可以看到，液態氮只需要幾分之一秒的時間

for nitrogen to actually grab onto your skin and start burning it.

就能抓住你的皮膚並開始灼傷它。

And the reason I say burn is because frostbite is actually very similar 文法

我之所以說是灼傷，是因為凍傷實際上非常類似於

to first, second, and third degree burns, 文化背景

一度、二度甚至三度燒傷，

depending on how long you're exposed.

取決於你暴露的時間長短。

I wanted to show you this reaction

我想向你們展示這種反應，

because I've done a lot of experiments with liquid nitrogen,

是因為我做過很多液態氮實驗，

and I didn't want you to get the impression 片語搭配

我不想讓你們產生一種印象，

that it was super safe stuff to play with.

認為這是非常安全的可以隨便玩的東西。

You can see that it will burn you,

你可以看到它會灼傷你，

and it'll burn you very quickly.

而且燒傷的速度非常快。

And it does hurt.

它確實很痛。

It leaves a mark.

會留下印記。

And you might be wondering what this feels like,

你們可能會好奇這是什麼感覺，

and right now I have lingering sensations all over my hands

現在我整個手上都有那種揮之不去的感覺，

as if I was stung by bees multiple times. 文法

就像被蜜蜂螫了很多次一樣。

There is a lingering pain in that part of my hand,

我手上的那個部位有種隱隱作痛的感覺，

almost like somebody's taking a nail and pressing it down into my skin.

簡直就像有人拿著釘子往下按我的皮膚。

I get an itchy, tingling sensation that makes me want to scratch it. 用詞

我有一種發癢、刺痛的感覺，讓我很想去抓它。

So, if you do happen to get frostbitten, 文法

所以，如果你碰巧被凍傷了，

this is the way that you want to treat it.

這是你應該採取的治療方法。

Get yourself a bowl of lukewarm water. 用詞

給自己弄一碗溫水。

You do not want it to be hot,

你不能用熱水，

and you don't want it to be cold.

也不能用冷水。

Just lukewarm or room temperature,

只要溫水或室溫的水，

and just soak the area for a couple of minutes 片語搭配

只要把患處浸泡幾分鐘，

until it starts to feel better.

直到它開始感覺好些。

Then take a warm, dry cloth

然後拿一塊溫暖乾燥的布，

and press it to the affected area

壓在患處，

and just hold it

只要按住它，

until it starts to warm back up.

直到它開始重新變暖。

Now, depending on the severity, 片語搭配

現在，根據嚴重程度，

you might want to go seek medical attention 片語搭配

你可能需要去就醫，

and see what your doctor has to say.

看看醫生怎麼說。

So, how long does it take for liquid nitrogen to freeze your skin?

那麼，液態氮凍傷你的皮膚需要多長時間呢？

Well, according to my experiments, 片語搭配

嗯，根據我的實驗，

it only takes a fraction of a second.

只需要幾分之一秒。

If you leave your skin exposed any longer than that,

如果你讓皮膚暴露的時間超過那個時間，

it's going to start freezing the muscles,

它就會開始凍結肌肉，

freezing the tendons,

凍結肌腱，

and you could actually get to the point 片語搭配

而且你實際上可能會達到

where you freeze your entire hand solid. 文法

把你整隻手完全凍成冰塊的程度。

And that would not be a very good day. 慣用語

那可就真是倒大楣了。

That's all I got for this experiment.

這就是我這個實驗的全部內容了。

I'll see you in the next video.

下期影片見。

Talk to you then.

到時聊。