認識調香師 - 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

BBC Learning English的六分鐘英語。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是BBC Learning English的六分鐘英語。

I'm Sam.

我是Sam。

And I'm Neil.

我是Neil。

In this program we're finding out all about food flavors. 片語動詞

在本期節目中，我們將全面了解食物風味。

Although everyone knows what food they like the taste of, 文法

儘管大家都知道自己喜歡什麼口味的食物，

the science behind flavors is complex.

但風味背後的科學卻很複雜。

Flavor involves much more than tasting with the tongue. 片語搭配

風味不僅僅是用舌頭品嚐那麼簡單。

It's also influenced by how food looks, smells, 文法

它還受到食物的外觀、氣味、

and even how it's described.

甚至描述方式的影響。

In this program we'll be meeting the flavorists, 講解

在本期節目中，我們將結識「調香師」，

scientists who combine different natural and artificial ingredients 片語搭配

他們是把不同天然與人工原料結合起來的科學家，

to create the flavors we love to taste in our food.

創造出我們在食物中喜愛品嚐的風味。

And of course,

當然，

we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well. 片語搭配

我們也會學習一些新詞彙。

Sounds delicious, Neil,

聽起來很美味，Neil，

but first I have a question for you. 表達脈絡

但首先我有個問題要問你。

No one really knows why,

沒人確切知道原因，

but certain flavors seem to work well together. 片語搭配

但某些風味似乎就是很搭配。

Some scientists think classic combinations like lemon and lime,

有些科學家認為像檸檬與萊姆，

or strawberries and cream are so popular

或者草莓與鮮奶油這樣的經典組合如此受歡迎，

because their chemicals overlap in special ways. 片語搭配

是因為它們的化學成分以特殊方式重疊了。

Sometimes this creates new, interesting, and unusual flavors.

有時這會創造出全新、有趣且不尋常的風味。

So what weirdly popular combination was invented by British chef Heston Blumenthal? 講解

那麼，英國主廚Heston Blumenthal發明了什麼奇怪卻大受歡迎的組合？

Was it A, dark chocolate and sea salt?

是A，黑巧克力和海鹽嗎？

B, milk chocolate and chili?

B，牛奶巧克力和辣椒？

Or C, white chocolate and caviar?

還是C，白巧克力和魚子醬？

Well, I've tried sea salt and chocolate. 文法

嗯，我試過海鹽和巧克力。

I think it tastes great. 文法

我覺得味道很棒。

So I'll say A.

所以我選A。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the program. 片語搭配

我將在節目最後揭曉正確答案。

Nowadays,

如今，

the flavor industry is big business. 慣用語

風味產業是一門大生意。

Flavorists work in high-tech laboratories 用詞

調香師在高科技實驗室裡工作，

and every new ice cream, crisp,

每一款新的冰淇淋、洋芋片、

or toothpaste flavor is the result of years of scientific research. 片語搭配

或牙膏口味，都是多年科學研究的結晶。

But it wasn't always like that. 表達脈絡

但情況並非總是如此。

Here's food historian Dr. Nadia Berenstein 表達脈絡

接下來由食物歷史學家Nadia Berenstein博士

describing the beginnings of the flavor industry in the 19th century

描述19世紀風味產業的起步，

to Ruth Alexander,

對話對象是Ruth Alexander，

presenter of the BBC World Service program,

BBC全球服務節目

The Food Chain.

《The Food Chain》的主持人。

There's really only a handful of people 用詞

當時真的只有屈指可數的人

and maybe a dozen or so companies that are really involved. 用詞

大概十幾家公司真正參與其中。

And at that point, 表達脈絡

在那個時候，

they really are kind of working with secret recipes 語氣意圖

他們實際上是靠秘方運作，

that were kept very secure

這些秘方被嚴密保管，

and sometimes passed down within families from father to son. 講解

有時在家族內由父親傳給兒子。

So it really seemed like a guild structure from the Middle Ages at that point. 文化背景

所以在當時，它看起來真的很像中世紀的行會結構。

Was it seen as some kind of dark art? 慣用語

它被視作某種黑魔法嗎？

Yes,

是的，

the term black art does come up 片語動詞

「黑魔法」這個詞確實出現過

in some of the early writing

在一些早期的著作中，

of people who are producing flavors at this point.

這些著作出自當時生產風味的人之手。

To begin with, 表達脈絡

一開始，

there were only around a dozen,

只有大約一打，

that's 12,

也就是12家

companies experimenting with food flavors. 片語搭配

嘗試研究食物風味的公司。

The recipes they used were kept secret 文法

他們所使用的配方都是保密的，

and only shared with family or trusted friends.

並且只與家人或值得信任的朋友分享。

Dr. Berenstein compares these companies to a guild, 片語搭配

Berenstein博士將這些公司比作行會(guild)，

an organization of people who do the same job

即從事相同工作的人組成的組織，

or have the same interests.

或者是有著共同利益的群體。

Because it was so secretive and mysterious,

因為它是如此神秘，

people saw making flavors as a dark art, 文法

人們把製造風味看作一種黑魔法(dark art)，

a method of achieving something in a clever 用詞

一種透過聰明但

but dishonest or wicked way.

不誠實或邪惡的方式達到目的的方法。

But all this changed after the Second World War, 表達脈絡

但是這一切在二戰後改變了，

when the invention of processed food, 用詞

當時加工食品被發明出來，

which could be bought in supermarkets 文法

可以在超市買到

and kept fresh at home in the fridge,

並放在家裡的冰箱保鮮，

increased the demand for new and exciting flavors. 片語搭配

這增加了人們對新奇風味的需求。

Here's Dr. Berenstein again

以下又是Berenstein博士

explaining the work of present-day flavorists

解釋現代調香師的工作，

to BBC World Service program,

對話節目是BBC全球服務節目

The Food Chain.

《The Food Chain》。

So essentially becoming a flavorist today 文法

所以從本質上講，今天成為一名調香師

is still an apprenticeship process.

仍然是一個學徒式的過程。

There's no academic path to it, 片語搭配

並沒有什麼學術路徑可以走，

right?

對吧？

Your training is on the job, 用詞

你的培訓是在工作中進行的，

working alongside a master flavorist 片語搭配

跟隨一位調香大師一起工作，

at a flavor and fragrance company 用詞

在一家香精香料公司，

or at some of the bigger food companies

或在一些設有自己風味部門的

will have their own flavor divisions.

大型食品公司裡。

It's a scientific profession for sure. 語氣意圖

這無疑是一門科學職業。

You have to know a lot about chemistry,

你必須了解很多化學知識，

but it is a creative profession. 表達脈絡

但這也是一門創造性職業。

At the very heart of this industrial food system, 慣用語

在這個工業化食品系統的最核心，

there's these craft artisans 用詞

有這些手藝人，

who are essentially designing molecule by molecule 片語搭配

他們實際上是在逐個分子地設計

the flavors that shape the way that food is made to taste. 用詞

決定食物味道的風味。

Today's flavorists learn their art 片語搭配

今天的調香師透過

by serving an apprenticeship,

當學徒來學習他們的手藝，

a period of time spent working for a skilled master,

即花費一段時間為技藝精湛的師傅工作，

often for low payment,

往往報酬很低，

in order to learn their skills.

以便學到他們的技能。

Although a background in chemistry is important,

儘管化學背景很重要，

you can't study flavors at university. 用詞

你無法在大學裡學習風味專業。

The training happens on the job,

這種培訓是在職(on the job)進行的，

at your place of work,

在你工作的地方，

while you are working.

在你工作的同時。

Dr. Berenstein calls flavorists craft artisans, 文法

Berenstein博士稱調香師為手藝人(craft artisans)，

people doing skilled work with their hands,

即用雙手進行熟練工作的人，

and she describes their creations as the marriage of science and art. 慣用語

她把他們的作品描述為科學與藝術的結合。

Yes,

是的，

I love the idea of the flavorist as a magician 慣用語

我喜歡把調香師看作魔術師的概念，

adding a pinch of this flavor or a drop of that oil 片語搭配

加一小撮這種香料或一滴那種油，

to create the perfect magical taste.

創造出完美神奇的味道。

I wonder if that's what British chef Heston Blumenthal was trying to do. 語氣意圖

我想知道英國主廚Heston Blumenthal是否也是想這麼做。

In my question,

在我的問題裡，

I asked what popular flavor combination was invented by chef Heston Blumenthal?

我問Heston Blumenthal主廚發明了什麼大受歡迎的風味組合？

And I said it was A,

我說是A，

dark chocolate and sea salt.

黑巧克力和海鹽。

So,

那麼，

was I right? 語氣意圖

我說對了嗎？

It's true that sweet and salty flavors go together well, 講解

甜味和鹹味確實很搭，

but the correct answer was white chocolate and caviar, 文化背景

但正確答案是白巧克力和魚子醬，

a combination described by Swiss master flavorist François Benzi

這一組合被瑞士調香大師François Benzi描述為

as weird but wonderful. 慣用語

奇怪但奇妙。

Right,

好了，

let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, 表達脈絡

讓我們回顧一下今天學過的詞彙，

starting with a dozen, 表達脈絡

從a dozen開始，

which means 12.

意思是12。

Something described as a dark art 片語搭配

被描述為dark art（黑魔法）的事物

refers to a method of achieving something in a clever but dishonest way. 片語搭配

指的是用一種聰明但不誠實的方式來實現某事的方法。

A guild is an organization of people who do the same job.

A guild（行會）是指從事相同工作的人組成的組織。

An apprenticeship is the period of time an apprentice spends watching

An apprenticeship（學徒期）是指學徒花時間觀察

and working with a skilled master in order to learn their skills.

並與技藝精湛的師傅一起工作以學習技能的這段時間。

When you do something on the job,

當你在工作中(on the job)做某事時，

it happens in the workplace,

它發生在工作場所，

while you're working.

在你工作的同時。

And finally,

最後，

an artisan is a person doing skilled work with their hands.

an artisan（手藝人）是用雙手進行熟練工作的人。

Once again, 片語搭配

再一次，

our six minutes are up.

我們的六分鐘到了。

Bye for now. 語氣意圖

暫時說再見了。

Bye-bye.

拜拜。

Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

BBC Learning English的六分鐘英語。