你以為你能當教宗嗎？：英語精讀講義

Let's say you want to become pope, 表達脈絡

假設你想成為教宗，

head of the Catholic Church,

天主教會的領袖，

and shepherd to over 1 billion faithful. 講解

以及超過十億信徒的牧者。

What requirements must you have for this lofty position?

這個崇高的職位需要什麼條件呢？

First, be a Catholic, and second, be a man,

首先，你必須是天主教徒，其次，你必須是男性，

which seems a little thin. 慣用語

這聽起來似乎要求不高。

And while it's technically possible for a regular Sunday Catholic to become pope, 用詞

雖然理論上一個普通的週日禮拜天主教徒也有可能成為教宗，

the last time this happened was essentially never 表達脈絡

但上一次發生這種情況基本上已經是遙遠的過去，

because becoming pope isn't like becoming president.

因為成為教宗不像成為總統。

You can't just run for office. 片語搭配

你不能直接競選這個職位。

Selecting the pope is an inside job, 慣用語

選拔教宗是內部作業，

and the men who do it are the cardinals.

而負責選拔的人是樞機主教。

And while in theory, they can select any Catholic man to become pope, 表達脈絡

雖然理論上，他們可以選擇任何一位男性天主教徒成為教宗，

in practice, they prefer to elevate one of their own. 片語搭配

但在實務上，他們更傾向於從自己人當中提拔。

The last time a non-cardinal became pope was more than 600 years ago.

上一次非樞機主教成為教宗已經是600多年前的事了。

So, while it isn't an official requirement,

所以，雖然這不是官方的硬性規定，

it's an unofficial official requirement. 表達脈絡

但它是一個不成文的官方要求。

Thus, in order to become pope,

因此，為了成為教宗，

you'll first need to be a cardinal.

你首先需要成為一名樞機主教。

And to do that,

要做到這一點，

you need to start climbing the Catholic corporate ladder. 慣用語

你需要開始在天主教會的升遷階梯上攀登。

Step one,

第一步，

become a priest.

成為一名神父。

Unlike some churches where you can just fill out a form online 片語動詞

不像某些教會可以在網路上填個表

and poof, ordained, 表達脈絡

然後「砰」地一下就被按立了，

the Catholic Church treats becoming a priest

天主教會把成為神父

as a real you-need-training profession. 表達脈絡

看作是一個實打實需要培訓的職業。

So, you're going to require a lot of education,

所以，你需要接受大量的教育，

usually a college degree in Catholic philosophy,

通常是天主教哲學的大學學位，

and then a master's in divinity. 文化背景

然後是神學碩士學位。

In addition to your educational qualifications,

除了你的學歷資格外，

you must also be a man,

你還必須是男性，

unmarried, and willing to remain celibate.

未婚，且願意保持獨身。

If you meet these requirements and have been working with the Church,

如果你滿足了這些要求並且一直在為教會工作，

then you can be officially ordained as a priest, 用詞

那麼你就可以正式被祝聖為神父，

which basically means you get to run a Catholic Church 用詞

這基本上意味著你可以管理一間天主教堂，

or work with another priest who does.

或者和另一位管理教堂的神父共事。

But you want to move onward,

但你想要繼續往上爬，

and to do that,

要做到這一點，

you need to take the job of the man who just made you a priest.

你需要接替那個剛剛任命你為神父的人的職位。

Step two, become a bishop.

第二步，成為一名主教。

Bishops are a much more select group. 用詞

主教是一個門檻高得多的群體。

While there are about 400,000 Catholic priests worldwide,

雖然全球大約有40萬名天主教神父，

there are only about 5,000 bishops.

但只有約5000名主教。

While priests get churches, bishops get cathedrals

神父管理教堂，而主教管理主教座堂，

from which they oversee a number of local churches.

並在那裡監督許多當地的教堂。

To advance your career, you must wait for a bishop in your area

為了推進你的職業生涯，你必須等待你所在地區的一位主教

to be forced into retirement at age 75 片語搭配

在75歲時被迫退休，

or die sooner than that,

或者在此之前去世，

freeing up space for you. 片語動詞

從而為你騰出位子。

But you can't just apply because there's already a secret list of potential bishops

但你不能直接申請，因為這裡已經有一份秘密的潛在主教名單，

that's updated every three years

這份名單每三年更新一次，

based on who the current bishops in your area think

依據是你所在地區的現任主教們認為

would make a good replacement for one of their own.

誰能很好地接替他們之中的一員。

To be on that list,

要進入那份名單，

in addition to the obvious requirement of being a pious person,

除了顯而易見的必須是個虔誠的人之外，

you should also be at least 35 years old,

你還應該至少35歲，

have been a priest for at least 5 years,

擔任神父至少5年，

and have a doctorate in theology or equivalent.

並且擁有神學博士或同等學位。

Assuming you're all these things,

假設你都符合了這些條件，

your name may or may not be on the secret list. 文法

你的名字可能會，也可能不會在那份秘密名單上。

The local bishops then give that list to the pope's ambassador

然後，當地主教會把名單交給教宗駐你所在國家的大使，

for your country, known as the apostolic nuncio. 文化背景

也就是人們熟知的教廷大使。

The nuncio picks three priests from the list,

大使會從名單中挑選出三名神父，

does in-depth research on them, 片語搭配

對他們進行深入調查，

conducts interviews, and selects the one he thinks is best.

進行面試，並選出他認為最合適的一位。

But it's not over because the nuncio sends his report to Vatican City,

但這還沒完，因為大使會把他的報告寄到梵蒂岡，

and the Congress of Bishops who work there

在那裡工作的主教部

reviewing potential appointments from around the world.

會審查來自世界各地的潛在任命。

If the Congress of Bishops doesn't like any of the three candidates,

如果主教部對這三位候選人都不滿意，

they can tell the nuncio to start over, 片語動詞

他們可以讓大使重新開始，

returning to the list, picking another three candidates,

回到名單上，再挑三名候選人，

doing more research, more interviews, and sending off the results.

做更多的調查，更多的面試，然後再把結果發過去。

When the Congress of Bishops is happy with one of the nuncio's candidates,

當主教部對大使提出的一位候選人感到滿意時，

that name is given to the pope,

這個名字就會被呈報給教宗，

who can reject the candidate and start the whole process over.

教宗可以否決該名候選人，並讓整個過程從頭再來。

It shouldn't be a surprise that from a vacancy to a bishop's replacement

因此，從職位空缺到選出接任的主教

can take months and on occasion years. 片語搭配

可能需要幾個月，有時甚至幾年，這也就不奇怪了。

But assuming a bishop in your area retired or died at the right time

但假設你所在地區的一位主教在合適的時間退休或去世了，

and you were on the secret list of good priests and the nuncio picked you,

且你在好神父的秘密名單上，而大使也挑中了你，

and you made it through his interview, 片語動詞

你也順利通過了他的面試，

and the Congress of Bishops approved you,

主教部也批准了你，

and the pope didn't veto you,

並且教宗也沒有否決你，

poof, now you're a bishop.

「砰」，現在你是一名主教了。

But you're still not on top.

但你仍然沒有到達頂峰。

The penultimate promotion is step number three,

倒數第二次的晉升是第三步，

become a cardinal.

成為一名樞機主教。

Despite the fancy name and snazzy red outfits to match,

儘管有著華麗的頭銜和與之相配的時髦紅色禮服，

cardinals are not the bosses of bishops.

樞機主教並不是主教的老闆。

They are bishops, just with an additional title and additional responsibilities,

他們也是主教，只是擁有額外的頭銜和額外的責任，

the most notable of which is electing the new pope.

其中最引人注目的就是選舉新教宗。

The only way to become a cardinal

成為樞機主教的唯一途徑

is to get the current pope to appoint you as one.

是讓現任教宗任命你。

And of the 5,000 bishops, only about 200 are ever cardinals.

在這5000名主教中，只有大約200人能成為樞機主教。

But let's say your ambition doesn't go unnoticed by the pope, 片語搭配

但是，假設你的野心沒有被教宗忽視，

and he makes you a cardinal.

他讓你成為了一名樞機主教。

Now, it's time to play the waiting game for his death or retirement. 慣用語

現在，是時候玩等待他死亡或退休的等待遊戲了。

And with popes, death is vastly more likely.

對教宗來說，死亡的可能性大得多。

When either happens, the cardinals under the age of 80 are brought to Vatican City,

當其中任何一種情況發生時，80歲以下的樞機主教會齊聚梵蒂岡，

where they are isolated from the outside world,

他們將被與世隔絕，

presumably by taking away their cell phones and tablets and carrier pigeons. 表達脈絡

大概是透過收走他們的手機、平板電腦和信鴿。

Once sequestered, the election of a new pope can begin. 文法

一旦被隔離，新教宗的選舉就可以開始了。

These elections are never exactly the same because the ex-pope leaves instructions

這些選舉絕不會完全一樣，因為前任教宗會留下指示，

on how he wants his replacement to be picked.

說明他希望接替者如何被選出。

But in general, it works like this. 表達脈絡

但總的來說，流程是這樣的。

Four times a day, the cardinals go to the Sistine Chapel to vote. 文化背景

樞機主教們每天四次前往西斯汀小堂投票。

And to become pope, one of them must get a 2/3 majority. 用詞

要成為教宗，其中一人必須獲得三分之二的多數票。

There's a big dose of mustn't be too hasty here, 表達脈絡

這裡有一種強烈的「絕不能太草率」的氛圍，

as the cardinals don't just raise their hands or use a modern preferential voting system, 文法

因為樞機主教們不僅不能舉手表決或使用現代的偏好投票系統，

but instead write down one name on a piece of paper,

反而要把一個名字寫在紙片上，

stand before the altar,

站在祭台前，

and say a long Latin phrase before officially casting the ballot. 片語搭配

唸一段長長的拉丁語，然後正式投下選票。

Once all the cardinals have done this, the votes are counted and then burned. 文法

一旦所有樞機主教都這麼做了，選票就會被清點，然後燒毀。

This is why TV news stations covering the election of the pope

這就是為什麼報導教宗選舉的電視新聞台

use super modern HD live streaming cameras

會用超現代的高畫質直播攝影機

to look at a chimney.

去盯著一個煙囪看。

If the smoke is black, no new pope. 文化背景

如果冒的是黑煙，說明沒有新教宗產生。

The high victory threshold and tediously slow voting process is why it takes so long to elect a pope. 文法

高昂的獲勝門檻和冗長緩慢的投票過程，就是選舉教宗需要這麼長時間的原因。

It's usually at least 2 weeks of voting four times a day,

通常情況下，每天投四次，至少需要兩週的投票時間，

6 days a week, with one day a week reserved for prayer.

每週投票6天，留出一天用於祈禱。

But the record length is 3 years.

但最長的紀錄是3年。

Assuming you eventually win the support of your fellow cardinals, 片語搭配

假設你最終贏得了各位同僚樞機主教的支持，

you have one final thing to do before becoming pope.

在成為教宗之前，你還有最後一件事要做。

Pick yourself a new name. 文法

給自己起個新名字。

There's no formal rule, and you can name yourself anything you like,

這沒有正式規定，你可以給自己起任何你喜歡的名字，

but it's tradition to take the name of a previous pope. 片語搭配

但傳統做法是沿用某位前任教宗的名字。

Upon the acceptance of your new name, the final ballots are burned clean 用詞

你的新名字被接受後，最後的選票將被燒盡，

to make the smoke turn white and announce to the world 文法

冒出白煙，向全世界宣佈

that a new pope has been selected.

新教宗已經選出。

So, that's the career path. 片語搭配

那麼，這就是職業路徑。

Be born into the right half of the population, 表達脈絡

出生在合適的那一半人口中，

become one of a billion Catholics, 表達脈絡

成為十億天主教徒中的一員，

then one of 400,000 priests,

然後成為四十萬神父中的一員，

then one of 5,000 bishops,

然後成為五千主教中的一員，

then one of 200 cardinals,

然後成為兩百位樞機主教中的一員，

wait for the current pope to die or retire,

等待現任教宗去世或退休，

and convince 2/3 of your fellow cardinals to select you as the one, 表達脈絡

並說服三分之二的同僚樞機主教選舉你，

the only pope.

成為獨一無二的教宗。