我們為什麼會流淚？眼淚的三種類型 - Alex Gendler：英語精讀講義

用 named + 指定的名字完成句子：We adopted a kitten ____. 請使用名字 Luna。

在這兩句英文「Lena hated storms. So much that she hid whenever thunder began,」中，So much that 有什麼作用？

1. 它是在計算 Lena 看過多少場暴風雨。
2. 它回指 Lena 討厭暴風雨的程度，並帶出結果。
3. 它把話題從 Lena 的感受轉到一件無關的事。

在句子「Maya teared up when the team thanked her,」中，瑪雅怎麼了？

1. 她把感謝卡撕成了碎片。
2. 她離開了團隊。
3. 她的眼裡開始充滿淚水。

用 get to + person 完成句子，使其表示「在情緒上影響你」：Try not to let rude comments ____.

請用本筆記中的解剖學術語完成句子：The ____ produce tears that keep the eye moist.

哪一項描述符合 lacrimal puncta？

1. 產生新淚液的腺體
2. 讓淚液進入引流系統的微小開口
3. 閉合眼瞼的肌肉

用 drain 完成句子，表達「排走液體」：The pipe helps ____ rainwater away from the roof.

把 go through 變成正確形式來完成句子，表達「用掉」：Our family ____ two cartons of milk every week.

選出最合適的話語標記：Mia thought the box was empty. ____, a small key was hidden under the paper.

1. In fact
2. For example
3. Meanwhile

用 look closely 和 see 完成引導觀察的句型：If you ____, you'll ____ a tiny scratch beside the button.

哪一個句子和例句具有相同的「主詞＋關係子句＋主要子句動詞」結構？

1. The stomach produces mucus that protects its lining.
2. The cells that line the stomach produce mucus.
3. The cells line the stomach and produce mucus.

正常眨眼的間隔中，哪一類淚液會讓眼睛表面保持濕潤？

1. emotional tears
2. basal tears
3. reflex tears

用 keep ... away 完成句子：The net helps ____ birds ____ from the fruit.

哪一句自然地使用了地點在前的結構來介紹一個新事物？

1. Beside the entrance is it.
2. Beside the entrance a small desk is.
3. Beside the entrance is a small desk.

用 keep 和 fasten 的正確形式完成句子，表示持續維持的狀態：The clips ____ the poster ____ to the board.

圖中藍色層位於紅色層上方。哪一句清楚表達了這種實際位置關係？

1. On top of it is the blue layer.
2. The blue layer is important as well.
3. On top of that, the blue layer is easy to see.

哪一個句子以 which 作為三個並列動詞共同的主詞，說明同一個事物的功能？

1. The filter, which catches dust, odors are reduced, and improves airflow, is easy to replace.
2. The filter, which catches dust, reduces odors, and improves airflow, is easy to replace.
3. The filter, which catching dust, reduces odors, and improved airflow, is easy to replace.

閱讀：「The lipid layer, an oily outer film, helps keep the eye's surface smooth.」其中「an oily outer film」有什麼作用？

1. 它指的是一個完全不同的物體。
2. 它用日常用語重述這個專業術語。
3. 它說明動作發生的時間。

請將 keep、warm 和 enjoy 改成正確形式，完成目標結構：The heated display case ____ the food ____ for guests ____.

請填入剛好兩個英文單字，使用 fog 和 prevent + 受詞 + from -ing 結構完成句子：The coating prevents the lens ____.

使用 go about one's day 和 without + -ing 完成句子：Even when the internet was down, Ava ____ her day ____ checking social media.

閱讀句子並選出 doing its thing 的意思：The backup pump is quietly doing its thing.

1. 它正在正常運作。
2. 它已經停止運作。
3. 它替自己選了一份新工作。

在 That's kind of their whole point 中，kind of 有什麼作用？

1. 它表示說話者不知道它們的用途。
2. 它會緩和語氣，讓說法聽起來比較隨意。
3. 它把基礎淚液歸類為某一種「要點」。

故事先說：「Every afternoon was the same.」哪個後續句最適合用 But one day 開啟新的發展？

1. Each day, the clock chimed at noon.
2. The routine continued exactly as before.
3. But one day, a letter with no return address arrived.

用表示「對某人產生強烈的浪漫好感」的說法完成句子：After their first date, Nina ____ Alex.

用括號中單字的正確形式完成句子：The soup smells ____. (wonderful)

填入兩個介系詞，分別表示目的地和用餐目的：Nora invited me ____ her apartment ____ lunch.

用片語動詞 take off 的正確形式完成句子：It is warm inside, so Mia ____ her coat.

哪一句用 You see 這個話語標記引出解釋？

1. You saw the library close early on Friday.
2. You see the library from my window.
3. You see, the library closes early on Fridays.

用 remove 的現在簡單式被動形式完成句子：When the safety cover ____, the machine stops automatically.

用 convert ... into 完成句子：The machine can ____ food waste ____ fuel.

閱讀句子：The mixture forms a gel, which then becomes firm as it cools. 其中 which 指什麼？

1. 它引出一種新出現但沒有名稱的物質。
2. 它指 the gel。
3. 它指 firm 這個字。

哪個句子自然表示煙霧讓說話者的眼睛感到明顯刺痛？

1. The smoke stung to my eyes.
2. The smoke stung my eyes.
3. The smoke bit my eyes with teeth.

用本課表示「無法控制某種反應」的固定表達完成句子：I know I keep sneezing, but I ____.

請用本課中表示「哭得無法控制」的兩個單字完成句子：After receiving the terrible news, Maya began ____.

灰塵吹進眼睛後，淚水自動產生以沖走灰塵。這種淚水叫什麼？

1. reflex tears
2. emotional tears
3. basal tears

哪一句表示背著沉重的背包現在對 Leo 來說已經很平常？

1. Leo used to carry a heavy backpack.
2. Leo is used to carrying a heavy backpack.
3. Leo's backpack is used to carry books.

用本課中表示「被設計成用液體清除」的正確片語完成產品說明：This eye rinse is ____ dust.

哪一句正確使用了目標結構來比較數量？

1. The medicine is produced in much larger amounts now.
2. The medicine is produced in very larger amounts now.
3. The medicine is produced at much larger amounts now.

使用 may、try 的進行式以及 get in 完成句子：The locked door handle is moving. Someone ____.

哪一句自然地使用 devastated 描述沉重的情緒打擊？

1. Amir was devastated when he learned that his dog had died.
2. The thunderstorm was devastated after it broke a branch.
3. Amir was devastated because one shoelace came untied.

哪一句使用 if + be going to + every time 來評估預期會反覆發生的結果？

1. We replaced the app after it crashed once last year.
2. We're going to the library if it stays open late.
3. We can't rely on this app if it's going to crash every time we open it.

用目標片語動詞完成句子：After several honest talks, Nina and Sam decided to ____.

哪一句使用 as 表示兩個動作在同一時間發生？

1. As Mia opened the window, a bird flew past.
2. Jon works as a guide.
3. As the store was closed, we went home.

這句話如何更新先前「她流的是反射性眼淚」這個理解？

1. 哭仍在繼續，但眼淚的類型改成了情緒性眼淚。
2. 這句話表示她已經完全停止哭泣。
3. 這句話表示兩種眼淚完全相同，而且同時出現。

使用原樣的片語 too hot 和 too cold，把 hot 放在前面，並用 either ... or ... 連接：The room is ____.

選出以 loss 為核心、能自然補完整個句子的名詞片語：The sudden panic caused ____.

1. lose control
2. losing control
3. a loss of control

用 send in 的被動形式完成句子：When the hikers were reported missing, a rescue team was ____ to search the valley.

使用 quickly 和 as ... as possible 結構完成句子：The technician fixed the leak ____.

哪一句正確使用 along with，並保留 The guide 作為主要主詞？

1. The guide, along with two visitors, are waiting outside.
2. The guide, along with two visitors, is waiting outside.
3. The guide and two visitors is waiting outside.

哪一句對間接問句使用了正確的語序？

1. Researchers aren't sure exactly why does the battery overheat.
2. Researchers aren't sure exactly why the battery overheats.
3. Researchers aren't sure exactly why is the battery overheating.

在這個語境中，to elicit sympathy or show submission 是什麼意思？

1. 隱藏同情，或挑戰他人的權威
2. 使別人產生同情，或表現出退讓的行為
3. 向別人請求同情，或繳交一份作業

哪一句以審慎的語氣引入了部分研究所得出的發現？

1. All researchers have proved that short naps always improve memory.
2. Some studies have also found that short naps may improve memory.
3. Some students have also found that short naps may improve memory.

哪一句正確表示水樣中的鉛含量高於對照樣本？

1. The water sample contains high levels of lead than the control sample.
2. The control sample contains higher levels of lead than the water sample.
3. The water sample contains higher levels of lead than the control sample.

在原句中，an endorphin and natural painkiller 解釋的是哪一項？

1. 與前面兩個名稱都分開的第三項
2. enkephalin
3. 只解釋 ACTH

說話者先解釋了印表機通常如何運作，現在要回到眼前這台特定的印表機。哪一句最適合完成這個轉換？

1. In the court case, the cable was evidence.
2. In general, printers use ink or toner.
3. In this case, replacing the cable fixed the problem.

用 calm down 的及物形式完成句子：The nurse spoke softly to ____ the frightened child ____.

哪一句中的 as well as 表示「而且也」？

1. The club offers art classes as well as music lessons.
2. The bus arrived as quickly as the train.
3. Nora paints as well as her teacher does.

哪一句最委婉地表示與 Alex 的關係沒有成功，而且不說是誰結束了關係？

1. Things didn't work out with Alex.
2. I worked out with Alex at the gym.
3. I ended my relationship with Alex.

朋友擔心一份文件可能遺失，但你知道有備份。哪一種回答能自然地安慰對方？

1. Stop talking about the file.
2. Don't worry—I've saved a backup copy.
3. Don't worry. Your problem is silly.

哪一句中的 as long as 表示「只要；條件是」？

1. She waited as long as three hours for the bus.
2. As long as you keep the receipt, you can return the jacket.
3. The blue ribbon is as long as the red one.

用 get + better 完成句子，表示情況改善：The first few days may be hard, but things will ____ soon.

哪一個選項中的 You'll see. 是用來安慰對方的？

1. Keep laughing at me—you'll see!
2. Learning to swim takes time, but it will get easier. You'll see.
3. Stand by the window and you'll see the parade.