雷射是如何運作的（實踐篇） - 每天聰明一點點 33：英語精讀講義

Hey, it's me Destin.

嘿，我是 Destin。

Welcome to Smarter Every Day.

歡迎收看 Smarter Every Day。

So, I'm in the Netherlands today and I'm hanging out with a buddy of mine that I met through a research project. 講解

今天我在荷蘭，和我透過一個研究計畫認識的哥們待在一起。

His name is Johan

他的名字叫 Johan

Kr... Reinink.

Kr... Reinink。

That. So anyway,

就是他。總之，

Johan is a laser expert and I've worked with him on stuff on the internet.

Johan 是一位雷射專家，我在網路上和他合作過一些計畫。

So, we're going to show you how lasers work today. 文法

所以，我們今天打算給你們展示雷射是如何運作的。

So, uh this is an open cavity laser and can you explain the main components of an open cavity laser? 用詞

那麼，呃，這是一個開腔雷射器，你能解釋一下開腔雷射器的主要零件嗎？

Here we have the laser tube of the helium neon gas fill that amplifies the light

這裡我們有填充了氦氖氣體的雷射管，用來放大光，

and we have at both ends uh mirrors that are aligned to bounce the light back and forth. 片語搭配

我們在兩端，呃，有對齊的反射鏡，能讓光來回反射。

Should we power it up? 片語動詞

我們該通電了嗎？

Definitely.

當然。

There’s a 4-second delay.

有4秒鐘的延遲。

It's a safety feature.

這是一個安全功能。

All right.

好的。

Sweet.

酷。

The helium neon laser tube is uh just a glorified the neon light.

氦氖雷射管呃，只是一種高級一點的霓虹燈。

Just uh you have the electrical discharge is going through it like a neon sign 用詞

只是呃，有放電穿過它，就像霓虹燈招牌一樣，

and the special thing is you have here uh two apertures and the light can bounce straight through. 表達脈絡

特別之處在於這裡有，呃，兩個孔徑，光可以筆直地穿過去。

Okay, so at both sides of the laser tube we have placed two high-reflecting mirrors

好的，所以在雷射管的兩側，我們放置了兩個高反射鏡，

and the light that goes through the laser tube hits the mirror and bounces back and forth through the tube

穿過雷射管的光擊中鏡子，在管子裡來回反射，

and each time it passes the tube it gets amplified. 文法

每穿過一次管子，它就會被放大一次。

If you make this mirror slightly transparent, it's 2% transparent, 文法

如果你讓這面鏡子稍微透明一點，有2%的透明度，

and each time the light passes 2% moves out and you have like a beam going on here.

那麼每次光通過時，就會有2%射出，這樣你就會得到一束光束。

Yeah.

對。

Okay, so basically what comes out the other end of the mirror is the imperfection in the mirror. 文法

好的，所以基本上從鏡子另一端出來的，是鏡子的不完美之處。

If it was a perfect mirror, we wouldn't get any output from the laser, correct? 文法

如果它是一面完美的鏡子，我們就得不到雷射器的任何輸出，對吧？

Correct.

對。

But because the mirrors are imperfect, we do get a little lasing. 講解

但因為鏡子是不完美的，我們確實得到了一點雷射。

Yeah.

是的。

In this case, the laser is just specifically made to reflect only 98% and this is the 2% of the light uh that comes out.

在這種情況下，雷射器經過特殊製造，只能反射98%，出來的呃這部分就是2%的光。

All right, one thing I notice is that inside the cavity, the beam is much stronger. 表達脈絡

好的，我注意到一件事，就是在腔內，光束要強得多。

You can see the laser hitting particles in the air, 文法

你可以看到雷射擊中空氣中的微粒，

but downstream the photons that are leaking out of the mirror, 講解

但在下游，從鏡子漏出的光子，

it's not quite as strong. 文法

卻沒有那麼強。

Is that correct?

是這樣嗎？

Yeah.

是的。

The light circulating inside the laser uh is uh far higher intensity.

在雷射器內部循環的光，呃，強度要高得多。

And if you hold your hand outside of the laser and block the beam,

如果你把手放在雷射器外面擋住光束，

you see that you catch the beam.

你會看到你接住了光束。

It looks pretty nice.

看起來很漂亮。

But if you hold your hand inside the cavity, you'll block the laser from uh amplifying all the light 文法

但如果你把手放在腔內，你就會阻止雷射，呃，放大所有的光，

and the light won't circulate around and you don't uh have a laser anymore.

光就不會循環了，你也就不再，呃，擁有雷射了。

So, it stops way on the other side 用詞

所以，它在另一邊停了下來，

even though we're stopping it on this side of the tube, we don't get lasing on the other side. 文法

儘管我們在管子的這一邊擋住了它，我們在另一邊也沒有得到雷射。

I'm waiting on photon torpedo technology myself, 講解

我自己正在等待光子魚雷技術，

so I'm working on it.

所以我正在研究它。

You're working on it?

你在研究它？

Excellent.

太棒了。

But anyway, we want to thank Johan for his time 片語搭配

但無論如何，我們要感謝 Johan 抽出的時間，

and uh can you thank the people who let us in in Dutch? 片語動詞

還有呃，你能用荷蘭語感謝一下讓我們進來的人嗎？

Absolutely.

當然可以。

Yeah, I thank the optical science group that we could be in the lab and we could film.

是的，我感謝光學科學小組讓我們進入實驗室進行拍攝。

Thank you very much

非常感謝，

and thank you for your explanation that we could be in the lab and could see what you did.

也感謝你的講解，讓我們能在實驗室裡看到你所做的。

Also, thank you very much and thank you for this laser we could borrow and transport.

還有，非常感謝你們借給我們並運送這台雷射器。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝。

Without all these people, we couldn't have done it. 文法

沒有這些人，我們無法完成這件事。

Yeah, for everyone, if you come to the university, come here and look at it.

對，對於所有人來說，如果你來到大學，來看看這個吧。

Go study.

去讀書吧。

What? Did you just call me something?

什麼？你剛才是在說我嗎？

No.

不是。

Do you want to get even smarter?

你想變得更聰明嗎？

Then check out this video by MinutePhysics.

看看 MinutePhysics 的這支影片吧。

Henry explains what's going on inside that helium-neon tube in one of his cool science videos. 片語動詞

Henry 在他那些很酷的科學影片的其中一個裡，解釋了氦氖管裡發生了什麼。

Now we are going to do Laser Month.

現在我們要進行「雷射月」活動。

Laser Month consists of a lot of videos shot over here in Holland with Johan 片語搭配

「雷射月」包含很多在這裡（荷蘭）和 Johan 一起拍攝的影片，

because he is a laser genius.

因為他是個雷射天才。

Can I call you a laser genius?

我可以叫你雷射天才嗎？

Definitely.

當然。

All right, so now we're going to play laser limbo. 文化背景

好了，現在我們來玩雷射凌波舞（Laser limbo）。

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

No.

沒有。

Why not?

為什麼不？

It's dangerous.

很危險。

Oh, c'mon, laser limbo. 語氣意圖

拜託，雷射凌波舞耶。