如果你永遠不再刷牙會怎樣？：英語精讀講義

From twigs to electrical toothbrushes, 表達脈絡

從樹枝到電動牙刷，

humans have been cleaning our teeth 文法

人類一直都在清潔牙齒，

since the ancient Egyptians in 5000 BCE.

早在西元前5000年的古埃及時期便已如此。

But what if you just straight up stopped brushing your teeth at all 講解

但如果你就這麼徹底不刷牙了，

for the rest of your life? 片語搭配

而且餘生都不再刷，會怎麼樣？

Within minutes of stopping, 文法

停止刷牙後短短幾分鐘內，

the food debris and moist environment from your saliva

食物殘渣和唾液形成的潮濕環境

creates an ideal environment for bacteria to survive. 片語搭配

就會成為細菌生存的理想溫床。

Streptococci is one of the most common bacteria found in our mouth 文法

鏈球菌是我們口腔中最常見的細菌之一，

and it's normally not harmful 文法

通常並不會造成危害，

until it metabolizes sugar or protein from food debris.

直到它開始代謝食物殘渣中的糖或蛋白質。

But after a full day,

但才過了一整天，

these bacteria would have already produced significant amounts of plaque from sugars. 講解

這些細菌就已利用糖分產生大量牙菌斑。

Plaque is the slimy layer of biofilm

牙菌斑是一層黏滑的生物膜，

that you can feel on your teeth

你可以在牙齒上感覺到它，

when you accidentally forget to brush sometimes. 文法

尤其是偶爾不小心忘記刷牙時。

And this plaque actually helps the bacteria adhere to your teeth, 片語搭配

而牙菌斑其實會幫助細菌附著在牙齒上，

which allows them to produce even more plaque 文法

讓它們產生更多牙菌斑，

creating a cycle of bacteria and plaque build-up. 用詞

形成細菌和牙菌斑不斷堆積的循環。

After a week,

一週後，

all this build-up will cause some pretty serious bad breath. 用詞

這些堆積物會讓你出現相當嚴重的口臭。

Not to mention that the plaque begins to harden and form tartar 表達脈絡

更別說牙菌斑還會開始變硬，形成牙結石，

that leads to your teeth appearing yellow. 文法

讓你的牙齒看起來泛黃。

At this point, 表達脈絡

到了這時，

you're also causing significant damage to tooth enamel 片語搭配

你的琺瑯質也會受到嚴重損傷，

as the bacteria break down sugar to produce lactic acid. 片語動詞

因為細菌會分解糖並產生乳酸。

Enamel is the hard mineralized outer layer of the tooth

琺瑯質是牙齒外層堅硬的礦化組織，

and once it breaks down, 文法

一旦遭到破壞，

you can't make any more.

身體就無法再生成新的琺瑯質。

After a month,

一個月後，

your decaying teeth will form cavities.

腐壞的牙齒會出現蛀洞。

These holes in your teeth get deeper and deeper 文法

牙齒上的這些洞會變得愈來愈深，

if left untreated, 文法

如果一直不治療，

leading to gingivitis,

就會引發牙齦炎，

an early form of gum disease.

也就是牙齦疾病的早期形式。

This is because the immune system

這是因為免疫系統

attacks your gums and teeth

會攻擊你的牙齦和牙齒，

in response to the bacteria build-up. 片語搭配

以因應不斷堆積的細菌。

Your cavities will fill up with pus, 片語動詞

你的蛀洞裡會充滿膿液，

which is a protein-rich fluid filled with dead white blood cells 用詞

那是一種富含蛋白質並含有大量死亡白血球的液體，

and your gums will be extremely sensitive at this point, 用詞

而此時，你的牙齦會變得極度敏感，

turning red when you touch it

一碰就會發紅，

and bleeding with any significant pressure.

受到一定壓力就會流血。

After an entire year of neglect,

疏於照顧整整一年後，

you now have periodontitis.

你就罹患了牙周炎。

The inner layer of the gum and bone are broken down by enzymes 文法

牙齦內層和骨組織會被酵素分解，

and pull away from the teeth to form pockets, 片語動詞

並與牙齒分離，形成牙周囊袋，

which only further allow collected food debris and bacteria to gather.

讓食物殘渣和細菌更容易在裡面聚集。

This causes the immune system to go into overdrive 慣用語

這會導致免疫系統過度活躍，

and destroys your gums and ligaments,

進而破壞牙齦和牙周韌帶，

resulting in advanced periodontitis, 片語搭配

最終發展成晚期牙周炎，

where your teeth become loose and begin to fall out. 片語動詞

這時牙齒會鬆動，並開始脫落。

Any longer and the issues can spread beyond your mouth 文法

再拖下去，問題就會蔓延到口腔之外，

and into your blood,

進入血液，

causing inflammation throughout your organs

導致全身各器官發炎，

and increasing the likelihood of erectile dysfunction, 片語搭配

並增加勃起功能障礙、

head and neck cancer,

頭頸癌、

chronic heart disease,

慢性心臟病，

and even dementia development.

甚至失智症的罹患風險。

Combine your lack of brushing with a poor diet high in processed foods 講解

不刷牙，再加上富含加工食品的不良飲食，

and especially sugar,

尤其是攝取大量糖分，

which is much more common now than early Homo sapiens would have experienced, 文法

而這樣的飲食如今遠比早期智人時期常見，

and you have a much more accelerated breeding ground for bacteria, 慣用語

就等於為細菌打造了一個加速繁殖的溫床，

putting your whole body's health at risk. 片語搭配

讓你的全身健康都面臨風險。

Brush your teeth, kids.

孩子們，記得刷牙。

Thank you guys for watching.

謝謝大家收看。

If you have any burning questions, 慣用語

如果你們有什麼「火熱」的問題，

flaming questions,

甚至「烈焰熊熊」的問題，

that you want us to answer,

想讓我們解答，

leave it in the comments below

就在下方留言，

and we'll try to tackle it this year. 用詞

我們會盡量在今年解答。

Seriously,

說真的，

let us know what you want to see.

告訴我們你們想看什麼。

We'll make it.

我們會把它做出來。

All right.

好啦。

Make sure you're following us on Instagram and Twitter

記得在 Instagram 和 Twitter 上追蹤我們，

and make sure you're subscribed to this channel

也別忘了訂閱這個頻道，

for new science videos every Thursday.

每週四都會推出新的科學影片。

Okay?

好嗎？

We'll see you next week.

我們下週見。

See you.

再見。

Bye.

掰掰。