關於演化的迷思與誤解 - Alex Gendler：英語精讀講義

哪個標題最清楚地告訴讀者，文章將糾正常見的睡眠錯誤觀念？

1. Myths and misconceptions about sleep
2. Stories and adventures about sleep
3. Questions and schedules about sleep

哪一句能自然引出聽者可能熟悉的說法，同時不認定聽者一定知道？

1. You've probably heard that plants need sunlight.
2. You certainly know that plants need sunlight.
3. Listen that plants need sunlight.

選出正確使用 consider + 受詞 + 形容詞 結構的句子。

1. Most reviewers consider about the design practical.
2. Most reviewers consider that the design practical.
3. Most reviewers consider the design practical.

說話者知道道路現在已經封閉。請選出最合適的句子。

1. Even though the road is closed, the bus is still running.
2. Because the road is closed, the bus is still running.
3. Even if the road is closed, the bus is still running.

用 even if 表示下雨只是一種可能，而且計畫不會改變：We'll play outside ____ it rains tomorrow.

用目標片語表達一個可能性很高的推測：____ we'll need more time.

一位同學的解釋有錯誤。哪一句能委婉地修正對方，同時不表示解釋的每一部分都錯了？

1. Everything in your explanation is completely wrong.
2. Your explanation is entirely right.
3. Your explanation isn't entirely right.

填入 adapt 後必要的介系詞：Young trees must adapt ____ colder winters.

後來的證據顯示某項主張並不可靠，專家也不再接受它。哪一句最精確地表達這個結果？

1. Experts say the claim has received criticism.
2. Experts now call it a controversial claim.
3. Experts now call it a discredited claim.

填入表示「燈先熄滅、表演後開始」的時間詞：The lights went out moments ____ the show began.

哪一句正確使用 proposed that 來正式提出一個觀點？

1. The researchers proposed that the river had changed course.
2. The researchers proposed the river to have changed course.
3. The researchers proposed about the river changing course.

哪一句正確使用 by + 動詞-ing 來表示方法？

1. She improved her drawing by practicing for ten minutes each day.
2. She improved her drawing by practiced for ten minutes each day.
3. She improved her drawing by to practice for ten minutes each day.

用 pass ... on 完成句子：After you read the note, please ____ it ____ to Maya.

用 spend one's life doing 的過去式完成句子：Ms. Lee ____ children to read.

哪一句表示在假設情境中，幼犬出生時就會有濃密的毛？

1. The puppies would born with thick fur.
2. The puppies would be born to thick fur.
3. The puppies would be born with thick fur.

哪一句正確使用這個句型，表示付款系統的實際運作方式並非如此？

1. That's not how the payment system works.
2. That's not how does the payment system work.
3. That's not what the payment system works.

用本課中由兩個英文單字組成的片語完成句子，以加強否定：The new rule didn't help ____.

用 freeze 的正確不定詞形式完成句子：The cold weather caused the lake ____.

請用本課中表示「更高可能性」的四字英語結構完成句子：Wearing a helmet gives cyclists ____ avoid serious injury.

請用本課中的四字英語轉場表達完成句子：We've reviewed the budget, ____ the timeline.

在演化課上，the fittest 最準確地指什麼？

1. 在任何情況下身體都最強壯的個體
2. 在任何情況下壽命都最長的個體
3. 最適應當前環境並且較可能繁殖的個體

用 make it sound like 的正確形式完成句子：The poster ____ the concert is free, but tickets actually cost ten dollars.

這裡的「which is not really the case」有什麼作用？

1. 它帶出一個新的法律案件。
2. 它確認前面的想法完全正確。
3. 它委婉表示前面的想法與實際情況不符。

選出能自然帶出第一個理由的連接語：____, the room is too small. Secondly, it has no windows.

1. For one thing
2. By the way
3. In other words

在生物學中，evolutionary fitness 主要描述什麼？

1. 在特定環境中繁殖出能存活後代的相對成功程度
2. 任何生物所能達到的最高壽命
3. 生物的身體有多強壯、運動能力有多好

用目標片語 just a matter of 完成英文句子：Choosing the final color is ____ personal taste.

請用由 suited 組成、表示「與……很相配」的兩個字補完整句子：These boots are well ____ wet weather.

哪一句表示整個物種已經不復存在？

1. Several island birds flew away for the winter.
2. That island bird species died out in the 1800s.
3. One island bird died yesterday.

完成表示「處於較不利位置」的固定表達：Without reliable internet, the team would ____.

在這段話中，Reproduction is. 補充完整後是什麼意思？

1. Reproduction is the same thing as survival.
2. Reproduction exists, but nothing more is implied.
3. Reproduction is how evolution occurs.

用 ill-suited for 完成句子：The tiny boat is ____ crossing the ocean.

用 so ... that 結構中的兩個連接詞完成句子：The lake was ____ cold ____ it froze overnight.

在論證中，at least we can say that 通常有什麼作用？

1. 把範圍較小的主張當成目前最穩妥的結論提出。
2. 保證接下來的說法不會受到質疑。
3. 給出計算中的最低數值。

用 check 的 -ing 形式完成句子：He left without ____ the answer.

哪一種解釋最符合“The trait is evolutionarily useless”？

1. 它透過演化發生了非常快速的變化。
2. 它在任何情境和任何層面都毫無價值。
3. 從演化角度判斷，它沒有作用。

說話人先說「It's evolutionarily useless, right?」，隨後立刻說「Wrong.」。這裡的 right? 主要有什麼作用？

1. 邀請聽者認同第一個說法，讓說話人隨後可以推翻它。
2. 詢問聽者應該往哪個方向走。
3. 表示聽者已經提出反對意見。

使用 not at ..., but at ... 這個結構完成平行更正：The issue is ____ the user level, ____ the server level.

哪一句自然表示同一項規則既適用於員工，也適用於管理者？

1. The rule that applies to employees does not apply to managers.
2. One rule applies to employees, and a similar rule applies to managers.
3. The same rule that applies to employees will also apply to managers.

用 laugh 的正確形式完成句子：The funny story made the children ____.

用 widespread 的比較級形式和 than 完成句子：The new study method became ____ the old one.

哪一句最準確地改寫了 is solely concerned with self-preservation 的意思？

1. 它為其他生物能否存活感到焦慮。
2. 它努力保護所有生物。
3. 它只專注於讓自己繼續存在。

請用 pass 的正確形式完成句子：A clear handover plan lets the team ____ responsibility on to new staff.

用表示「完成原本預期工作」的目標表達方式完成句子：This simple cover will ____ until we buy a stronger one.

說話人使用 purpose 後又補上「Except evolutionary purpose.」。這個片段有什麼作用？

1. 它表示演化有意識地規劃了一個目標。
2. 它快速補上一項限制，改變了對 purpose 的理解。
3. 它開始列舉一組無關的科學主題。

哪個句子正確使用了 one of + the + 最高級 + 複數名詞？

1. Staying calm is one of most useful skills in an emergency.
2. Staying calm is one of the most useful skills in an emergency.
3. Staying calm is one of the most useful skill in an emergency.

when we say things like 在這個句子中有什麼作用？

1. 它用來帶出人們使用的表達範例。
2. 它指彼此相似的實體物品。
3. 它詢問人們是從什麼時候開始說話的。

在這段科學解說中，這句話是什麼意思？

1. 留下更多複本的基因變體往往會變得更常見。
2. 基因會有意識地計畫繁殖。
3. 每種基因被複製的機會都相同。

說話者說 we're actually using metaphors，主要是在做什麼？

1. 宣稱科學解說就是詩歌
2. 介紹一項使用實體模型的新實驗
3. 標明前面的措辭不能照字面理解

老師想表達沒有隱藏的過程，整個機制其實只是冰吸收熱量後融化。哪個句子最合適？

1. All that happens is that the ice absorbs heat and melts.
2. What happens is that the ice absorbs heat and melts.
3. The reason the ice melts is that it absorbs heat.

哪個關係子句能準確展開 the organisms carrying them？

1. the organisms that are carried by them
2. the organisms that used to carry them
3. the organisms that carry them

請選出表示「停電導致資料遺失」的句子。

1. The power cut resulted in the data loss.
2. The power cut resulted from the data loss.
3. The data loss resulted in the power cut.

哪種情況適合自然地使用 and so forth？

1. 用來避免說出火車的確切時間。
2. 用來表示某人在身體上向前移動。
3. 說話者列出地圖、車票和時刻表後，省略其他同類的旅行用品。

使用 nor 和現在式 be 動詞延續否定意思：The review found no reliable pattern. ____ any evidence of a fixed plan.

哪一句正確地把 progress 當作動詞，表示朝某個目標前進？

1. The project is progressing completion.
2. The project is progressing from completion.
3. The project is progressing towards completion.

請用引出不定詞動作執行者的詞完成句子：It is important ____ children to get enough sleep.

閱讀這句話：Our hiring process has a blind spot around accessibility. blind spot 是什麼意思？

1. 故意隱藏所有資訊的決定。
2. 流程上的一塊深色實體斑點。
3. 流程中一個未被察覺的弱點。

在這個解剖語境中，標示的片語是什麼意思？

1. 視神經在那個位置從視網膜穿出。
2. 視神經關閉了一個電腦程式。
3. 視網膜變成了視神經。

請用例句中那個由兩個英文單字組成、用來標示起點的表達完成句子：The guide explains the process, ____ a simple example.

哪一句自然地使用了 In retrospect？

1. In retrospect, nobody knows what will happen in the distant future.
2. In retrospect, the concert will take place for the first time next month.
3. In retrospect, I should have backed up the file before installing the update.

健行者沒有在天黑前折返。請用 would + have + be 的過去分詞完成句子：It ____ safer for them to turn back earlier.

哪一句表示說話者為健行選擇了更完整的零食，而不只是糖果？

1. I packed fruit and nuts rather than just candy for the hike.
2. I packed fruit and nuts along with candy for the hike.
3. I packed fruit and nuts before the hike, then bought candy.

選擇能正確把時間段和其中發生的事件連接起來的片語：The report covers a decade _____ the town doubled in size。

1. during that
2. which during
3. during which

哪一句最自然地表示「暴風雨過後，一種必需資源供應不足」？

1. Clean drinking water was rare after the storm.
2. Clean drinking water was scarce after the storm.
3. Clean drinking water was unusual after the storm.

在這個語境中，there was nothing to anticipate 是什麼意思？

1. 未來沒有任何值得高興期待的事情。
2. 沒有任何跡象或根據可以讓人預見後來的變化。
3. 後來的變化當時已經很明顯。

用目標過去未來表達完成句子：In 2010, no one guessed that the small app ____ become a global service.

這裡哪一句最能解釋 evolution proceeds blindly？

1. 演化在無法預見或規劃最終結果的情況下持續進行。
2. 演化真的無法看見周遭環境。
3. 演化總是朝著預先設定的目標前進。

說話者為什麼把 step by step 延長成 step by step by step？

1. 它拉長節奏，強調過程逐步累積。
2. 它表示實際上剛好走了三步。
3. 它表示說話者正在更正先前說錯的字。

使用 create 的 -ing 形式補充結果：The community garden brought neighbors together, ____ a stronger sense of belonging.