這會催眠你嗎？：英語精讀講義

For centuries, hypnotism has been explored as a therapeutic or entertaining tool, 文法

幾個世紀以來，人們一直將催眠術當作治療或娛樂工具加以探索，

but it has a reputation of being fake and shrouded in mysticism. 慣用語

但它卻一直被認為是騙人的，還籠罩著神祕色彩。

So, what does science say? 表達脈絡

那麼，科學怎麼說？

Is hypnosis a real thing?

催眠真的存在嗎？

Take a second to close your eyes and imagine a lemon. 片語搭配

花點時間閉上眼睛，想像一顆檸檬。

Imagine the smells of that lemon,

想像一下那顆檸檬的氣味，

its color, its shape.

它的顏色和形狀。

Picture the texture and feel of the lemon on your skin.

想像檸檬表面的質地，以及它接觸皮膚時的感覺。

Now, take a knife and slowly cut into it,

現在，拿起一把刀，慢慢切開它，

releasing all the juices. 文法

讓汁液全都流出來。

Take the slice you just cut and squeeze the lemon into your mouth. 文法

拿起剛切下的那一片，把檸檬汁擠進嘴裡。

Now, open your eyes.

現在，睜開眼睛。

Is your mouth watering at all? 片語搭配

你有流口水嗎？

You see, despite being presented in the media as a form of mind control, 講解

你看，儘管媒體把催眠描繪成一種心智控制手段，

scientific researchers describe hypnotism differently.

科學研究人員對催眠術卻有不同的描述。

Hypnotism is a state of consciousness involving highly focused attention, 講解

催眠術是一種意識狀態，表現為注意力高度集中，

minimizing competing thoughts,

盡量減少相互干擾的思緒，

and allowing an enhanced ability to respond to suggestions. 用詞

並提升對暗示做出反應的能力。

Hypnosis from a scientific perspective, then, 片語搭配

因此，從科學角度來看，催眠

is similar to the kind of focus your brain feels when reading a book

類似於你閱讀一本書時，大腦進入的那種專注狀態

or watching a television show

或觀看電視節目時的專注狀態，

where the rest of the world seems to slip away. 片語動詞

那時，外面的整個世界彷彿都逐漸消失了。

And research has shown that it's actually capable of shutting down our automatic responses, 講解

研究已經顯示，它其實能關閉我們的自動反應，

like reading words right in front of us.

例如閱讀眼前的文字。

In this test, try to say the name of the color,

在這個測試中，試著說出顏色的名稱，

not what's written on the screen.

而不是螢幕上寫的詞。

So, in this case, you'd say blue as fast as possible. 文法

所以在這個例子中，你應該盡快說出「藍色」。

Try it on your own. 片語搭配

你自己試試看。

It's kind of tricky, right? 語氣意圖

有點棘手，對吧？

This is known as the Stroop effect. 文化背景

這就是所謂的史楚普效應。

It's difficult because our automatic process of wanting to read the word

之所以很難，是因為我們總會下意識地想讀出那個詞，

trips us up in our ability to name the color quickly. 片語動詞

這會妨礙我們迅速說出顏色。

However, if the words were in another language like Dutch,

不過，如果這些詞是用荷蘭語等其他語言寫的，

then you would have no problem naming the colors 片語搭配

那你說出這些顏色就完全沒有問題，

as the words don't have meaning to you, 表達脈絡

因為那些詞對你來說沒有意義，

unless you speak Dutch. 文法

除非你懂荷蘭語。

In one study, hypnotized participants were given the Stroop test 文法

在一項研究中，受到催眠的參與者接受了史楚普測試，

after being told that they would see words as gibberish and meaningless. 文法

在此之前，他們被告知看到的詞會像亂碼一樣毫無意義。

As a result, the Stroop effect was temporarily eliminated, 表達脈絡

結果，史楚普效應暫時消失了，

and the participants could name the color without error or delay. 片語搭配

參與者說出顏色時既不會出錯，也不會遲疑。

When this test was run in an fMRI,

當這項測試在功能性磁振造影設備中進行時，

participants showed lower activation in the anterior cingulate cortex,

參與者前扣帶皮質的活化程度較低，

an area in the brain involved in resolving conflict and competing demands, 文法

這是大腦中負責解決衝突和協調相互競爭需求的區域，

as well as a reduction in the visual cortex, which is crucial for recognizing words. 片語搭配

同時，對辨識文字至關重要的視覺皮質，活化程度也有所下降。

The Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility shows that hypnotizability follows a normal bell curve distribution. 用詞

哈佛團體催眠感受性量表顯示，人們的催眠感受性呈鐘形的常態分布。

Very few people experience no sensation during hypnotism.

極少數人在催眠過程中完全沒有感覺。

Many people respond to ideomotor ideosensory direct suggestions,

許多人會對觀念運動和觀念感覺類的直接暗示做出反應，

such as lifting your arm involuntarily,

例如手臂會不由自主地抬起，

and a small group of people respond to cognitive suggestions,

還有一小部分人會對認知暗示做出反應，

which impact memory and perception,

這種暗示會影響記憶和知覺，

and can create hallucinations and selective amnesia.

並可能造成幻覺和選擇性失憶。

It can even be used to modulate pain. 講解

它甚至可以用來調節疼痛。

In one study, while hypnotized, 文法

在一項研究中，參與者處於催眠狀態時，

participants were given a painful heat stimulus on their right hand

研究人員對他們的右手施加了會引發疼痛的熱刺激，

and rated their level of pain. 片語搭配

並請他們評估自己的疼痛程度。

They were told that they would be given the same heat stimulus 文法

他們被告知，接下來會受到相同的熱刺激，

when it was actually a non-painful temperature,

但實際施加的溫度並不會引發疼痛，

and they rated their level of pain the same.

他們給出的疼痛評分卻和之前一樣。

In fact, their brain showed the same level of activation in the anterior cingulate cortex.

事實上，他們大腦前扣帶皮質的活化程度也和之前相同。

Scientists have also scanned the brains of people faking leg paralysis as if hypnotized 文法

科學家也掃描過一些人的大腦，當時這些人假裝自己因催眠而腿部癱瘓，

and then done it again later when they were actually hypnotized

之後又在他們真的受到催眠時再次掃描，

and saw increased brain activation in the right orbitofrontal cortex,

結果發現，他們右側眶額葉皮質的腦部活動增強，

right cerebellum, left thalamus, and putamen.

右側小腦、左側視丘和殼核的活動也有所增強。

Meanwhile, when faking it,

相較之下，當他們只是在假裝時，

they showed no such changes, 文法

並沒有出現這些變化，

which suggests hypnosis has a different neural basis than those imitating it. 講解

這顯示真正的催眠與假裝催眠具有不同的神經基礎。

So, while many hypnotists or subjects could seemingly fake hypnosis, 講解

所以，雖然許多催眠師或受試者似乎都能偽造出催眠效果，

and I'm sure it happens, 語氣意圖

而且我相信這種事確實會發生，

under a brain scan, it becomes clear who's lying and who is actually hypnotized. 文法

但在腦部掃描下，誰在說謊、誰真的受到催眠便一目瞭然。

If you want to see us get hypnotized by a professional

如果你想看看專業催眠師如何催眠我們，

for the first time ever in our lives,

這可是我們人生中的第一次，

check out our video on AsapTHOUGHT where we do exactly that. 片語動詞

那就去看看我們在 AsapTHOUGHT 上的影片吧，我們真的這麼做了。

It was an interesting experience.

那是一次很有意思的體驗。

Click on the screen or use the link in the description

點選畫面，或使用說明欄中的連結，

to see that video and subscribe for more weekly science videos.

觀看那支影片，並訂閱我們的頻道，每週收看更多科學影片。