把乾冰放進液態氮裡安全嗎？：英語精讀講義

When people started leaving comments asking me to mix dry ice with liquid nitrogen,

當大家開始留言讓我把乾冰和液態氮混在一起時，

at first I thought it was a joke. 表達脈絡

起初我以為那只是個玩笑。

But then as the comments continued and continued and continued, 表達脈絡

但後來隨著留言越來越多、越來越多，

I started to realize that this is a real thing. 片語搭配

我開始意識到大家是認真的。

So today, we're going to try mixing dry ice with liquid nitrogen

所以今天，我們要嘗試把乾冰和液態氮混在一起，

just to satisfy your curiosity and see what happens. 片語搭配

純粹為了滿足你們的好奇心，看看會發生什麼。

You already know that dry ice is just a solid chunk of carbon dioxide

你們已經知道，乾冰只是一塊固態二氧化碳，

that's extremely cold at minus 109 degrees Fahrenheit.

溫度極低，只有零下109華氏度。

On the other hand, 表達脈絡

另一方面，

liquid nitrogen is just liquefied nitrogen gas.

液態氮只是液化的氮氣。

This stuff is minus 321 degrees Fahrenheit.

這東西是零下321華氏度。

This means the difference in temperature between dry ice and liquid nitrogen

這意味著乾冰和液態氮之間的溫差，

is the same difference in temperature between boiling hot water

就像滾燙的開水

and a frozen chunk of ice.

和凍得硬梆梆的冰塊之間的溫差一樣大。

For this experiment,

為了這個實驗，

I've got the liquid nitrogen sitting in the thermos

我把液態氮放在保溫瓶裡，

and that allows it to cool down to where it's happy and very calm. 講解

這樣它就能冷卻下來，保持在一個穩定、平靜的狀態。

So if we drop in a piece of dry ice now,

所以如果我們現在丟一塊乾冰進去，

what kind of reaction would you expect to take place? 片語搭配

你覺得會發生什麼樣的反應？

The liquid nitrogen boils

液態氮沸騰了，

and the dry ice becomes even colder.

而乾冰變得更冷了。

Let's just reach down in there and see if we can pull it out.

讓我們把手伸進去，看看能不能把它撈出來。

Now the cool thing about this dry ice,

這塊乾冰很酷的一點是，

it has been cryogenically reduced to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. 用詞

它已經被極低溫冷卻到了液態氮的溫度。

So instead of being minus 109 degrees Fahrenheit, 文法

所以，這塊乾冰現在不再是零下109華氏度，

this block of dry ice is now about minus 321 Fahrenheit.

而是大約零下321華氏度。

This is amazing.

太神奇了。

It's actually boiled out most of the nitrogen. 片語動詞

它其實已經把大部分液態氮都煮沸揮發了。

Which of these do you think is more dense?

你覺得這兩個哪個密度更大？

Dry ice or liquid nitrogen?

乾冰還是液態氮？

In other words, 表達脈絡

換句話說，

if I drop dry ice into a glass of liquid nitrogen,

如果我把乾冰丟進一杯液態氮裡，

will it sink or will it float?

它是會下沉還是漂浮？

I don't see it floating on the top there.

我沒看到它漂在表面上。

Let's add a few more chunks just to be sure. 片語搭配

為了確認，我們再多加幾塊。

Yep,

是的，

I can hear that sinking right to the bottom.

我能聽到它直接沉底的聲音。

It's really cool how it mists for just a second

冒出一秒鐘的霧氣然後完全消失，這真的很酷，

and then the mist completely disappears

接著霧氣徹底消失，

and that's because the liquid nitrogen is cooling the dry ice down 表達脈絡

這是因為液態氮正在把乾冰降溫

to cryogenic temperatures.

到極低的溫度。

So we can see that dry ice is more dense than liquid nitrogen

所以我們可以看出乾冰的密度比液態氮大，

because it sinks to the bottom.

因為它沉到了底部。

Care for a cold drink? 語氣意圖

來杯冷飲嗎？

Cheers.

乾杯。

Just joking,

開個玩笑，

just joking.

只是開個玩笑。

For this experiment,

為了這個實驗，

I have two identical bowls of water

我準備了兩個一樣裝滿水的碗，

and two identical chunks of dry ice

還有兩塊一模一樣的乾冰，

except one's been soaked in liquid nitrogen, 文法

唯一的區別是一塊泡過液態氮，

the other one hasn't.

另一塊沒有。

If we drop them at the exact same time into two separate dishes, 文法

如果我們同時把它們分別放進兩個碟子裡，

how are they going to react?

它們會產生怎樣的反應？

You can see that both two bowls are reacting about the same.

你能看到兩個碗裡的反應差不多。

They're producing the same amount of vapor, 片語搭配

它們產生的霧氣量相同，

they're bubbling at about the same rate. 片語搭配

冒泡的速度也差不多。

They're both popping off cool little smoke rings

它們都吐出了酷酷的小煙圈，

which is like my favorite part.

這簡直是我最喜歡的部分。

That doesn't really surprise me so much.

這並不讓我感到意外。

The question is going to be which one lasts longer? 表達脈絡

問題在於，哪一個能持續更久？

Will the colder block of dry ice outlast the untreated piece?

更冷的這塊乾冰會比沒處理過的那塊撐得更久嗎？

Now this has been running for about five minutes 文法

現在這已經進行了大概五分鐘了，

and you can see the bowl with the liquid nitrogen treated dry ice

你可以看到，裝有液態氮處理過的乾冰的那個碗，

actually still has a thicker vapor.

依然有著更濃厚的霧氣。

There was enough cold in the first bowl

第一個碗裡積攢了足夠的冷氣，

to keep the reaction going a little bit longer. 片語搭配

使得反應能多持續一會兒。

We all know that when you drop dry ice into water,

我們都知道當你把乾冰丟進水裡時，

it forms an amazing misting fog

它會產生神奇的煙霧，

that just seems to flow out of the water.

像是從水裡流出來一樣。

So will it do the same thing with liquid nitrogen?

那麼它在液態氮裡也會有同樣的效果嗎？

For this first experiment,

對於這第一個實驗，

let's drill two holes

我們鑽兩個洞

into the same block of dry ice.

鑽在同一塊乾冰上。

We'll put liquid nitrogen in one hole

我們在一個洞裡倒液態氮，

and water in the other

另一個洞裡倒水，

and observe the results.

然後觀察結果。

All right,

好了，

here we go,

我們開始了，

liquid nitrogen.

倒液態氮。

It's amazing to think about

想想真是奇妙，

but the dry ice is actually so hot right now 文法

但這塊乾冰現在對它來說其實非常熱，

that when we add the liquid nitrogen,

以至於當我們加入液態氮時，

it boils it and vaporizes it in just an instant

液態氮會在瞬間沸騰並氣化，

and that's why we're getting the fog flowing off that we are.

這就是為什麼我們會看到冒出這麼多的煙霧。

All right,

好了，

we got that thing chock full of liquid nitrogen. 慣用語

我們把那個洞裝滿了液態氮。

Let's add water to the other side

我們在另一邊加水，

and observe the difference.

看看有什麼區別。

Oh,

哇，

that's so cool.

真酷。

Our block of dry ice is blowing smoke rings.

我們的乾冰塊在吐煙圈。

Now if you notice the liquid nitrogen is completely vaporized.

現在你注意看，液態氮已經完全氣化了。

Dry ice is so cold it'll freeze water solid 講解

乾冰極冷，能把水凍成固體，

but at the same time it's so hot it'll boil off liquid nitrogen. 片語動詞

但同時它也夠熱，能讓液態氮沸騰蒸發。

All water does is cool down to the point 講解

水只是冷卻到一個臨界點，

where it would eventually crystallize and turn into ice.

最終結晶變成冰。

That's how you make carbonated ice cubes.

碳酸冰塊就是這麼做出來的。

This is a reaction I didn't expect. 文法

這是一個我沒預料到的反應。

Here's a regular chunk of dry ice.

這是一塊普通的乾冰。

Try punching that 文法

試著用力捶它一下，

and you end up with sore knuckles. 片語動詞

你的指關節會疼。

Soak the dry ice in liquid nitrogen

但把乾冰浸泡在液態氮裡，

and it pulverizes without problem.

就能輕而易舉地把它粉碎。

I was not expecting that.

我真沒想到會這樣。

That's cool.

太酷了。

I'm going to do that again.

我要再試一次。

Okay,

好了，

let's go throw this stuff in the bathtub.

我們去把這東西扔進浴缸裡吧。

This dry ice has just been frozen in liquid nitrogen. 文法

這塊乾冰剛剛在液態氮裡被冷凍過。

We're going to throw it into the tub

我們要把這東西扔進這裡的浴缸裡，

here and see what happens.

看看會發生什麼。

Okay,

好吧，

that was cool

這挺酷的，

but it feels a little bit weak. 語氣意圖

但感覺效果有點弱。

Let's dump the rest of it in there.

我們把剩下的都倒進去。

This is cool.

這太酷了。

Our bathtub has just disappeared.

我們的浴缸完全不見了。

It like stings your face when you breathe it. 語氣意圖

呼吸時它會有點刺痛你的臉。

So what happens when you dip dry ice in liquid nitrogen?

那麼當你把乾冰泡在液態氮裡會發生什麼？

Well,

嗯，

you get a pretty cool reaction

你會得到一個非常酷的反應

and very, very cold dry ice.

還有非常、非常冷的乾冰。

So there you have it, 慣用語

這就是全部內容了，

guys.

夥計們。

Now you know what happens if you put dry ice in liquid nitrogen.

現在你知道把乾冰放進液態氮裡會發生什麼了。

Thanks for joining me for this experiment today. 片語搭配

感謝今天陪我做這個實驗。

I'll be looking for you in the next video.

我們下個視頻見。

Talk to you then.

到時見。

And then threw the whole batch into a bathtub

後來我把一整批乾冰扔進了一個浴缸，

full of extremely warm water.

裡面裝滿了非常熱的水。

Oh,

哇，

dude.

老兄。

Look at the way that shattered. 文法

看看它是怎麼碎開的。

Apparently, 語氣意圖

顯然，

liquid nitrogen frozen dry ice

被液態氮冷凍過的乾冰

becomes a lot more brittle as well. 文法

也會變得脆弱得多。

Woah!

哇！

Oh my goodness.

我的天啊。

Okay,

好吧，

that's worthy to note.

這點值得注意。