英國SAS特種空勤團 vs 美國海豹部隊 - 軍事訓練比較：英語精讀講義

The British Army Special Air Force, aka SAS, began operations in 1941 during the Second World 用詞

英國陸軍特種空勤團，即SAS，於1941年第二

War. The reason for having such a specialized set of soldiers was to get behind enemy lines and attack them from within, 片語搭配

次世界大戰期間開始執行任務。擁有這樣一支特種士兵隊伍的原因是為了深入敵後，從內部進行攻擊，

or at least destroy what they could while gaining intelligence.

或者至少在獲取情報的同時盡可能破壞敵方設施。

It still takes part in operations that involve the United Kingdom, 片語搭配

它至今仍參與涉及聯合王國的軍事行動，

but as it's very much a covert Special Forces unit, 用詞

但由於它是一支高度隱秘的特種部隊，

much of what the SAS does is a secret.

SAS的許多行動都是保密的。

The Navy SEALs Sea, Air, and Land Team was formed much later

海豹部隊（海、空、陸戰隊）的成立時間要晚得多，

when President John F. Kennedy established them in 1962

是在1962年由約翰·F·甘迺迪總統建立的，

as a clandestine unit which, like the SAS,

作為一支與SAS類似的秘密部隊，

would take on special missions much of the time in very hostile environments.

大部分時間都在極其惡劣的環境中執行特殊任務。

They also act under a veil of secrecy 慣用語

他們同樣在保密狀態下行動，

and are sometimes referred to as America's secret warriors.

有時被稱為美國的秘密勇士。

If both these units are so secretive,

既然這兩支部隊都如此神祕，

then how does one get a job with them?

那麼人們怎樣才能加入他們呢？

Well, with the SAS,

那麼，以SAS為例，

there is a small problem to begin with 表達脈絡

首先就會遇到一個小問題，

if you are a mere civilian. 用詞

如果你只是一個普通平民。

They won't allow you to apply. 文法

他們根本不會允許你申請。

So to start with,

所以首先，

you must already be in the British Armed Forces

你必須已經在英國武裝部隊服役，

or be a soldier in the British Commonwealth.

或者是大英國協國家的軍人。

Another way to get in is to join the SAS Reserves, 片語動詞

另一種進入的方式是加入SAS預備役，

and they do accept civilians,

他們確實接受平民，

as long as you've passed the reserve training 文法

只要你通過了預備役訓練，

and worked with them at least 18 months,

並且與他們一起工作至少18個月，

you can apply to work in the SAS proper. 用詞

你就可以申請成為SAS的正式成員。

To apply for the SAS,

要申請SAS，

you should be between 18 and 32 years of age

你的年齡應在18到32歲之間，

and be in amazing physical and mental shape. 片語搭配

並且在身體和心理上都處於極佳狀態。

You'll be required to do at least a three year stretch. 用詞

你將被要求至少服役三年。

Women can apply,

女性可以申請，

but have so far been excluded from most combat movements.

但到目前為止，她們被排除在大多數戰鬥行動之外。

To apply,

要申請，

you must accept that you know the harsh demands expected of you. 片語搭配

你必須接受並清楚他們對你的嚴苛要求。

People have died during training,

在訓練中曾有人喪生，

and that means signing an Army General Administrative Instruction Form.

這意味著你需要簽署一份陸軍通用行政指令表。

You're basically acknowledging you are willing to go through hell. 慣用語

你基本上是在承認你願意去經歷地獄般的折磨。

Next comes the medical, 文法

接下來是體檢，

the battle fitness test,

以及戰鬥體能測試，

which will mean running fully kitted or squatted for 1 and 1/2 mi in 15 minutes.

這意味著需要全副武裝或編隊在15分鐘內跑完1.5英里。

Apparently, 10% of applicants don't even make it past this point. 片語搭配

顯然，有10%的申請者甚至無法通過這一關。

That pace for even an average person in running shoes and shorts isn't too bad. 語氣意圖

即便對一個穿跑鞋和短褲的普通人來說，這個速度也相當具有挑戰性。

Now you start your real training.

現在你開始了真正的訓練。

To join the Navy SEALs,

要加入海豹部隊，

you need to be a natural born or naturalized American between the ages of 18 and 28, 用詞

你需要是年齡在18到28歲之間的天生或入籍的美國人，

although at 17 you can join if your parents say it's okay.

儘管17歲時只要父母同意也可以加入。

If you want to become an officer,

如果你想成為軍官，

you can be up to the age of 33.

你的年齡可以放寬到33歲。

The first woman ever started training in 2017,

第一位女性在2017年開始參加訓練，

but dropped out soon after. 片語動詞

但很快就退出了。

You'll need to have a clean record 片語搭配

你需要擁有無犯罪紀錄，

and any background checks will be done.

並且將會進行所有的背景調查。

You'll then undergo physical and mental tests, 片語搭配

然後你將接受身體和心理測試，

including an eye test to make sure you have under 20/20 vision.

包括一項確保你的視力不低於20/20的眼科檢查。

As for what shape you must be in, 表達脈絡

至於你需要具備什麼樣的體能狀態，

well,

那麼，

you are going to go through hell with the SEALs,

你將在海豹部隊經歷地獄般的磨練，

so they suggest you follow their Navy Special Warfare Physical Training Guide.

所以他們建議你遵循《海軍特種作戰體能訓練指南》。

This includes lots of long and short swims and runs,

這包括大量長距離和短距離的游泳與跑步，

lots of interval training,

大量的間歇訓練，

as well as other workouts.

以及其他鍛鍊項目。

As for other strength training,

至於其他力量訓練，

their gym workouts basically tell you you'll have to be as strong as a bull, 慣用語

他們的健身房鍛鍊基本上告訴你，你必須強壯得像頭牛，

as well as have all the cardio attributes.

並且具備極佳的心肺能力。

You'll be screened before you can start training, 用詞

在開始訓練之前你會被篩選，

and that will mean you must show that you can run 1 and 1/2 mi in 11 minutes,

這意味著你必須證明能在11分鐘內跑完1.5英里，

but not squatted.

但無需編隊。

This also comes after a 500-yd swim in 12 and 1/2 minutes,

這也是在12分半鐘內游完500碼，

42 push-ups,

完成42個伏地挺身，

50 sit-ups,

50個仰臥起坐，

and six pull-ups,

和6個引體向上之後進行的，

all with a short rest in between.

所有這些項目之間只有很短的休息時間。

Once you actually start training with the SAS,

一旦你真正開始SAS的訓練，

the first phase lasts 4 weeks.

第一階段將持續4週。

This will test your endurance and ability to navigate through the wilderness,

這將測試你的耐力和在荒野中導航的能力，

that being a harsh mountain range in Wales. 文法

地點是在威爾斯的一片環境惡劣的山脈。

In 2015,

在2015年，

a young recruit died during this exercise

一名年輕的新兵在這次演習中喪生，

just 1/2 km from the end.

距離終點僅有0.5公里。

He died at the part nicknamed VW Valley,

他死在了一個綽號叫VW谷的地方，

standing for Voluntary Withdrawal Valley. 片語動詞

代表自願退出谷（Voluntary Withdrawal Valley）。

Two other soldiers died that day too,

那天還有兩名士兵死亡，

leading to an inquest into the treatment of soldiers. 講解

導致了一場關於士兵待遇的死因調查。

Some of the activities in the mountains included a 15-mi hike to start with.

在山裡的一些活動包括最初的15英里徒步。

Those that can get through that,

能挺過這一關的人，

then have to do a 40-mi hike carrying

接著必須完成40英里的徒步，期間要背負

a 55-lb backpack,

一個55磅重的背包、

a rifle, plus their food and water.

一把步槍，以及他們的食物和水。

They are not allowed to use any established trails, 文法

他們不被允許使用任何現成的道路，

but they do have a map and a compass.

但他們有一張地圖和一個指南針。

After that,

在那之後，

they can rest a bit and start the weapons training phase,

他們可以稍微休息一下，並開始武器訓練階段，

as well as do parachute training.

同時進行降落傘訓練。

After that,

之後，

there is 6 weeks of jungle training,

會有6週的叢林訓練，

usually in the rain forests of Belize,

通常在貝里斯、

Borneo, or Brunei.

婆羅洲或汶萊的熱帶雨林中進行。

The last phase is called Escape and Evasion,

最後一個階段稱為逃脫與躲避，

which will mean being forced into some horrible survival scenarios,

這意味著將被迫進入一些可怕的生存情境，

as well as learning how to handle being interrogated. 文法

以及學習如何應對審訊。

This will include humiliations and other psychological harassment,

這將包括屈辱和其他心理折磨，

as well as being blindfolded,

還包括被蒙住雙眼，

deprived of sleep, 片語搭配

被剝奪睡眠，

given nothing to eat or drink,

不給任何食物或水，

being put in stress positions, 用詞

被迫保持壓力姿勢，

imprisoned in a small cage,

被關在小籠子裡，

and having to listen to loud noises all the time.

並且一直得聽巨大的噪音。

SAS tough guy turned novelist said physical injuries finish a lot of people off during training, 片語動詞

一位變成小說家的SAS硬漢說，身體受傷在訓練中淘汰了很多人，

but you need a lot of strength of will to get through the psychological stuff. 片語搭配

但你需要極強的意志力才能熬過心理上的考驗。

In 2016,

在2016年，

the Washington Times reported that one Navy SEAL died in three out of the last four training classes. 文法

《華盛頓時報》報導說，在過去四個訓練班中，有三個班各有一名海豹部隊成員死亡。

One was a drowning,

一人是溺水，

another a suicide,

另一人是自殺，

and another a car crash after drinking heavily.

還有一人是在嚴重酗酒後遭遇車禍。

The post states that the 6-month training will include a 7-day stretch of little sleep,

文章指出，這為期6個月的訓練將包括連續7天幾乎不睡覺，

self-induced hypothermia,

自我誘發失溫症，

and brutal physical conditioning known as Hell Week.

以及被稱為「地獄週」的殘酷體能訓練。

It's Hell Week where most recruits drop out.

大多數新兵就是在地獄週期間放棄的。

The training in Colorado starts with 5 weeks of pre-training in class.

在科羅拉多州的訓練從5週的課堂預備訓練開始。

Get through that and you enter the realm of pain and indignity. 講解

熬過那個，你就會進入充滿痛苦與屈辱的領域。

The Navy SEALs website doesn't go into specifics, 片語動詞

海豹部隊的網站沒有提供具體細節，

but states that you'll be tested to your limits of fatigue.

但說明你將被推向疲勞的極限。

This will include running through sand,

這將包括在沙灘上跑步，

swimming in oceans,

在海裡游泳，

sometimes in the middle of the night with your clothes on, 文法

有時是在半夜穿著衣服游，

rappelling down cliffs or buildings at speed,

快速從懸崖或建築物上沿繩滑下，

enduring cold and heat,

忍受嚴寒與酷暑，

getting lost and finding ways out,

在迷失中尋找出路，

combat training,

戰鬥訓練，

long-distance underwater dives,

長距離潛水，

weapons and explosives training,

武器與爆炸物訓練，

mission planning,

任務規劃，

tactics training,

戰術訓練，

and more.

等等。

Hell Week seems to be the worst part.

地獄週似乎是最糟糕的部分。

One soldier described it as being designed to put you through 24/7 days of no rest and continual harassment. 片語動詞

一名士兵將其描述為旨在讓你經歷24/7不眠不休的無休止折磨。

From his class of 300, 表達脈絡

在他所在的300人班級中，

only 19 completed the training.

只有19人完成了訓練。

In all,

總共，

it will last 5 and 1/2 days and you'll almost continuously be pushed to your limits. 片語搭配

它將持續5天半，你幾乎一直被逼到極限。

You are allowed no more than about 4 hour sleep during the entire training.

在整個訓練期間，你被允許的睡眠時間不超過大約4小時。

You'll also have to deal with integration and what's called the Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape Phase.

你還必須應對審訊以及所謂的生存、躲避、抵抗和逃脫階段。

Former SEAL Brandon Webb said it will involve sacks over your head,

前海豹部隊成員布蘭登·韋伯說，這包括頭上套著麻袋，

being beaten with sticks,

被棍棒毆打，

and humiliation.

以及受辱。

It's here,

他說，

he said,

就是在這裡，

that some people lose their minds. 慣用語

有些人精神崩潰了。

At least after that,

至少在這之後，

you get some classroom

你會有一些課堂

time. For 7 weeks,

時間。在接下來的7週裡，

you'll also have a land warfare phase,

你還將有一個陸戰階段，

as well as parachute training.

以及降落傘訓練。

If you pass it all,

如果你通過了所有這些，

you'll be given the Navy SEAL Trident, 文化背景

你將被授予海豹部隊三叉戟徽章，

but then have to do advanced training.

但隨後還要進行高級訓練。

This will include sniper, communications,

這包括狙擊手、通訊、

and free-fall parachute training.

和自由落體跳傘訓練。

Once you are done,

一旦你完成了，

you'll have way more weapons to use than a regular soldier. 文法

你將能使用比普通士兵多得多的武器。

In the SAS,

在SAS，

this will include a C8 carbine assault rifle,

這包括C8卡賓突擊步槍，

an ultra-compact individual weapon,

一款超緊湊型個人武器，

an M16,

M16步槍，

an HK MP5 submachine gun,

HK MP5衝鋒槍，

an HK 417 sniper rifle,

HK 417狙擊步槍，

an AW50 anti-material rifle,

AW50反器材步槍，

handguns, tear gas, canister launchers,

手槍、催淚瓦斯、榴彈發射器、

stun grenades,

震撼彈、

rocket launchers,

火箭發射器、

portable anti-personnel mines,

便攜式殺傷人員地雷、

grenade launchers,

榴彈發射器、

surface-to-air missiles,

地對空飛彈，

and many more things it will take too much time to talk about.

以及許多說起來太費時間的武器。

You'll also, of course,

當然，你還將

get all the kit, 用詞

獲得全套裝備，

including things like body armor.

包括防彈衣等物品。

According to the Navy SEALs website,

根據海豹部隊的網站，

your regular SEAL on land will carry such things as the Colt Automatic Rifle 15,

你一般的海豹部隊成員在陸地上會攜帶諸如柯特自動步槍15，

the M60 machine gun,

M60機槍，

M203 grenade launchers,

M203榴彈發射器，

a shotgun,

霰彈槍，

an SASR .50 caliber sniper rifle,

SASR .50口徑狙擊步槍，

an M107 anti-material rifle,

M107反器材步槍，

a Beretta M9 handgun,

貝瑞塔M9手槍，

a 20-mm Gatling gun,

20公厘加特林機槍，

and AT4 rockets.

和AT4火箭筒等。

Again,

再說一次，

these are just some of the most used weapons as the list is endless.

這只是最常用武器的一部分，因為這個清單是無窮無盡的。

So,

所以，

who do you think has the best training? 文法

你覺得誰的訓練更強？

Do you think you could get through it?

你覺得你能熬過去嗎？

Let us know in the comments.

在留言區告訴我們吧。

Also,

同時，

be sure to check out our other video called the Top 10 Most Powerful Militaries.

一定要看看我們另一部叫做《十大最強大軍隊》的影片。

Thanks for watching,

感謝觀看，

and as always,

和往常一樣，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

我們下次再見。