聯邦調查局（FBI）是如何在暗網上逮到你的：英語精讀講義

You finally picked up the courage to visit the dark web 片語搭配

你終於鼓起勇氣造訪暗網

and you took every necessary precaution to stay invisible to the authorities. 片語搭配

並採取所有必要的防範措施，避免被當局發現。

At first, you were only going to look around and not actually purchase anything, 講解

起初，你只打算隨便逛逛，並不是真的想買東西，

but after a few of your buddies came around to your house,

但幾個朋友來到你家後，

you all decided you'd buy a big bag of illegal pills.

大家決定一起買一大包非法藥丸。

Not only that,

不只如此，

after a few drinks,

幾杯酒下肚後，

you watched a video you shouldn't have watched.

你還看了一段不該看的影片。

You weren't concerned.

你一點也不擔心。

You used a VPN.

你用了 VPN。

Your IP address couldn't be seen by prying eyes, 慣用語

你的 IP 位址不會被有心人看見，

and then boom, 表達脈絡

但接著，砰的一聲，

one day the cops burst through your door. 片語動詞

某天警方破門而入。

How on Earth did that happen? 慣用語

這究竟是怎麼回事？

How did they find you?

他們是怎麼找到你的？

That's what we'll discuss today.

這就是我們今天要談的內容。

Number five, hacking.

第五種：駭客入侵。

First of all,

首先，

you should know that a lot of people use the dark web for good reasons.

你要知道，許多人使用暗網是出於正當理由。

Maybe they are journalists or political dissidents in countries with strict regimes. 用詞

他們也許是記者，或是高壓政權國家裡的政治異議人士。

So some human rights advocates are happy

因此，有些人權倡議者很慶幸

that the authorities can't find people in the dark web.

當局無法在暗網上找到這些人。

That's why it was controversial

也正因如此，下面這起事件引發了爭議：

when a cybercriminal named Eric Eoin Marques

一名叫 Eric Eoin Marques 的網路罪犯

was arrested in 2013

在 2013 年遭到逮捕，

and later got a prison sentence of 30 years.

後來被判處 30 年有期徒刑。

This guy was certainly in the wrong 慣用語

這個人當然做錯了事，

and was hosting websites within the dark

他在暗網上代管著一些網站，

that were selling drugs,

這些網站販賣毒品、

hacking techniques, and money laundering operations. 用詞

駭客技術，還從事洗錢活動。

He was huge,

他的規模非常龐大，

and it's not his cloud computing company Freedom Hosting

而他的雲端運算公司 Freedom Hosting

was hosting almost half of the sketchy websites within the dark web.

代管了暗網上將近一半的可疑網站。

The FBI got him.

FBI 抓到了他。

They found his server in France

他們在法國找到了他的伺服器，

and subsequently tracked him down to Ireland. 片語動詞

隨後一路追查到愛爾蘭。

This shouldn't have happened, of course.

當然，這原本不該發生。

The Tor network this guy used was supposed to be impenetrable. 講解

他使用的 Tor 網路號稱堅不可摧。

But then one day users started seeing something weird.

但有一天，使用者開始發現怪事。

A new code running in websites hosted by Freedom Hosting.

Freedom Hosting 代管的網站上出現了一段新的執行程式碼。

Suddenly all the websites went down. 片語動詞

突然間，所有網站都無法運作。

That weird code exploited a Firefox vulnerability,

那段奇怪的程式碼利用了 Firefox 的一個漏洞，

and so not only did the websites go down, 文法

結果不只網站全數癱瘓，

but people using those websites were unmasked. 慣用語

使用這些網站的人也暴露了身分。

Well, they were until they could update their software.

不過，這種情況只持續到他們更新軟體為止。

Tens of thousands of IP addresses were exposed

數以萬計的 IP 位址遭到曝光，

and some of those people that were exposed were arrested.

其中一些身分曝光的人還被逮捕。

That could have been you,

那個人也可能是你，

and you might have been seen buying bags of Colombia's finest powder. 慣用語

你或許會被發現正在購買一袋袋哥倫比亞的「頂級白粉」。

But private email systems were also run on Freedom Hosting,

但 Freedom Hosting 上也運作著私人電子郵件系統，

so journalists or freedom fighters may have also been exposed.

所以記者或自由鬥士可能也暴露了身分。

So that's one way you could be found out using the dark web. 片語動詞

這就是你使用暗網時可能被查出的方式之一。

The government might get its crack team of hackers together 片語搭配

政府可能會召集一支頂尖駭客團隊，

and create a code that exploits a vulnerability in some software. 片語搭配

寫出一段能利用某套軟體漏洞的程式碼。

It might not mean they've come knocking at your door, 慣用語

這不一定表示他們會立刻找上門，

but your name will certainly be saved in the FBI's database.

但你的名字肯定會被存進 FBI 的資料庫。

You've been flagged. 用詞

你已經被標記了。

Thousands of people around the world have been arrested this way.

世界各地已有數千人以這種方式遭到逮捕。

In the US,

在美國，

the FBI won't say how it hacks its way into the dark web, 文法

FBI 不會透露自己如何駭進暗網，

while in other countries governments also keep their surveillance under wraps. 慣用語

其他國家的政府同樣對監控手段祕而不宣。

In the UK,

在英國，

the government gives its intelligence agencies something called bulk powers, 文化背景

政府會授予情報機構一種所謂的「大規模權力」，

which allows them to spy on people.

讓它們可以監視民眾。

The thing is,

問題是，

the agencies don't have to submit any information to the court as to exactly how they got you. 片語搭配

這些機構不必向法院提交任何資料，說明究竟是如何鎖定你的。

That remains a secret.

這會一直是個祕密。

If you're worried about being hacked by the government, though,

不過，如果你擔心遭到政府入侵，

wait until you hear how they can get you without hacking you at all. 表達脈絡

那就等著聽聽他們如何完全不用駭客手段也能抓到你。

Number four,

第四種：

cops go undercover.

警方臥底。

Sometimes the government doesn't really have to get technical.

有時，政府其實根本不需要動用什麼高科技。

The authorities can use techniques that they use on the streets.

當局可以使用街頭辦案時的那些手法。

Cops can go undercover. 片語搭配

警察可以臥底辦案。

Let's say you're on the dark web 表達脈絡

假設你正在瀏覽暗網，

and you find a place where you can get the illegal substance MDMA.

找到一個能買到非法物質 MDMA 的地方。

All the reviews are positive regarding the seller,

對這名賣家的評價全都是好評，

so you think, okay,

於是你想，好吧，

I'll take 500 pills

那我就買 500 顆，

because you're in college and you want to pay your tuition fees off. 片語動詞

因為你還在念大學，想靠這個賺出學費。

Well,

然而，

you might just be buying your pills

你買的這些藥丸

from a cop who's been undercover posing as Rick the raver, 片語搭配

可能正是來自一名假扮成派對咖 Rick 的臥底警察，

the merchant of Molly. 用詞

也就是那位「搖頭丸商人」。

Time and again, 片語搭配

警方一次又一次地

cops have done this with drugs, guns, poisons, and images of children.

用這種方式調查毒品、槍枝、毒物和兒童影像案件。

You see,

要知道，

you buy the stuff and you remain anonymous.

你買了東西，身分依然可以保持匿名。

But you still have to get your contraband delivered, 文法

但違禁品總得送到你手裡，

and that's when the cops can grab you.

警方就會在這時抓住你。

There are ethical concerns, though.

不過，這也涉及一些倫理問題。

The cops can't oversell their stuff.

警方不能過度推銷手中的東西。

They can't say,

他們不能說：

hey, take these 500 pills,

「嘿，這 500 顆你拿著，

but I've got some great cocaine, too.

我這裡還有些很棒的古柯鹼。

Do you want that?

你要不要？」

That's called entrapment. 文化背景

這叫「誘捕執法」。

They can't say,

他們也不能說：

take a thousand pills and I'll throw in a gun. 片語動詞

「買一千顆，我再送你一把槍。」

That's just not ethical.

這種做法就是不合乎倫理。

Then you've got these images of kids that float around the dark web.

此外，暗網上還流傳著一些兒童影像。

There's been a lot of controversy regarding the FBI putting out their own images

圍繞 FBI 自行發布這類影像的做法，一直爭議不斷，

and setting up what's called a honeypot. 文化背景

他們還設置了所謂的「蜜罐」。

The problem is,

問題在於，

once those images are out,

一旦這些影像流出去，

they can be copied and spread all over the web.

就可能被複製並傳遍整個網路。

But you can avoid in-person delivery

但你可以避開當面交貨，

and avoid an undercover agent, right?

也就能避開臥底探員，對吧？

Well,

然而，

if you think other means of scoring your gear are safe, 用詞

如果你覺得用其他方式收貨就很安全，

stay tuned. 表達脈絡

請繼續看下去。

Number three,

第三種：

the postal service.

郵政系統。

You don't have to be set up to have the cops knocking at your door. 片語動詞

就算沒人設局，警方也可能找上門。

A huge amount of contraband is seized before it even gets to the buyer.

大量違禁品甚至還沒送到買家手裡就被查扣了。

The post office can intercept a package,

郵局可以攔下一件包裹，

find a few ounces of cocaine,

發現裡面裝著幾盎司古柯鹼，

and then they can get in touch with the police.

然後聯絡警方。

The police can then start an investigation,

警方接著可以展開調查，

and while the buyer might not get arrested because the package never arrived,

雖然買家可能因為包裹沒有送達而不會被捕，

the cops in the past have watched post office videos

但警方過去曾查看郵局的監視錄影，

and have been able to arrest the sender of the package or packages.

並藉此逮捕寄出一個或多個包裹的人。

In other cases,

在其他案件中，

they weren't able to find the seller,

警方找不到賣家，

so police allowed the post office to deliver the package

於是讓郵局繼續把包裹送出去，

in what they call a controlled delivery. 文化背景

這就是所謂的「控制下交付」。

As soon as you pick it up,

你一取走包裹，

they swoop in on you. 片語動詞

他們就會一擁而上將你逮捕。

It's unlikely police will ever get involved if someone is buying, 文法

如果某人買的東西很少，警方大概不會介入，

say, one single pill of something,

例如只買一顆某種藥丸，

but if the package is big enough,

但如果包裹夠大，

there's always a risk.

就始終存在風險。

Sometimes,

有時候，

though,

不過，

you could get busted 用詞

你可能會被逮捕，

and it's not even your fault.

而且根本不是你的錯。

Number two,

第二種：

a dealer's data.

毒販的資料。

One outstanding case of someone being caught selling drugs on the dark web 用詞

有一宗極具代表性的暗網販毒落網案，

was a kid in Germany who was arrested by police in 2015.

主角是德國一名在 2015 年遭警方逮捕的年輕人。

This 20-year-old guy who still lived with his mom

這個 20 歲、還和媽媽住在一起的男子，

was found with a whopping 320 kg of drugs in his bedroom. 用詞

被發現臥室裡竟藏著多達 320 公斤毒品。

Yeah,

沒錯，

you heard that right. 語氣意圖

你沒聽錯。

He pretty much ran a drug empire from his bedroom 用詞

他幾乎是在自己的臥室裡經營一個毒品帝國，

and sold drugs from the dark web to people in Germany

透過暗網向德國各地的人販賣毒品，

and in other countries all over the world.

客戶還遍布世界其他國家。

He would usually use a P.O. box, 講解

他通常會使用郵政信箱，

not a house or an apartment number,

而不是住宅或公寓門牌，

and the person who picked the package

而且前去領取包裹的人

was never the person's name on the package.

從來不會使用包裹上寫的姓名。

If the person was ever caught picking up the drugs,

如果領取毒品的人被抓到，

he or she would say,

他或她就會說：

hey, that's not my name.

「嘿，那不是我的名字。」

The thing is, 表達脈絡

問題是，

the kid still needed to pick up the drugs.

這個年輕人自己還是得去取毒品。

320 kilos is quite a bit of powder and pills, 片語搭配

320 公斤的粉末和藥丸可不是小數目，

and it was when he was picking up one of his packages that the cops got him. 文法

他正是在領取其中一個包裹時被警方逮捕。

But guess what? 表達脈絡

但你猜怎麼著？

When the cops looked on this kid's hard drive,

警方檢查這個年輕人的硬碟時，

they found all the names and emails of all the people he'd been selling to. 文法

找到了所有買家的姓名和電子郵件地址。

That included guys just buying for personal use,

其中包括只供自己使用的買家，

which was not much use to the cops,

這些資料對警方沒什麼用，

but it also included bulk buyers

但也包括大量進貨的批發買家，

who were selling on the streets of Germany and beyond.

他們會在德國乃至其他地方的街頭販賣毒品。

Someone on the dark web managed to get this kid's profile and leave a message.

暗網上有人設法接管了這個年輕人的個人頁面，並留下一則訊息。

That message read,

訊息寫道：

"Dealers, run for your lives." 慣用語

「毒販們，快逃命吧。」

That's the thing with the dark web. 表達脈絡

暗網的問題就在這裡。

If someone else gets caught,

如果其他人被捕，

your information might be on their computer.

你的資料可能就存在對方的電腦裡。

That kid became a millionaire very fast,

那個年輕人很快就成了百萬富翁，

but now he's in prison and will be for possibly another decade.

但他如今身陷囹圄，而且可能還要再關十年。

The problem is,

問題是，

no sooner than the kid was behind bars, 慣用語

他才剛被關進監獄，

someone else had taken over his dark web domain. 片語動詞

就已經有人接管了他的暗網網域。

Sometimes,

有時候，

though,

不過，

you can get busted without even visiting the dark web. 文法

你甚至沒造訪暗網也可能被逮捕。

Number one,

第一種：

advertising.

打廣告。

The last way people are caught

人們被捕的最後一種方式，

is when they advertise their dark web marketplace

就是替自己的暗網市集打廣告，

on the very visible normal web that we all use.

而且廣告就刊登在我們人人都能看見的一般網路上。

Yeah,

沒錯，

they use the normal web to direct people to the dark web.

他們利用一般網路把人引向暗網。

It's just a little silly,

這實在有點蠢，

but Ross Ulbricht,

但 Ross Ulbricht，

the guy that ran the notorious Silk Road marketplace, 文化背景

這個經營惡名昭彰的「絲路」市集的人，

did just that. 表達脈絡

偏偏就這麼做了。

He ran ads on a Bitcoin web forum for the Silk Road,

他在一個比特幣網路論壇上替「絲路」刊登廣告，

and those ads could be traced back to him. 片語動詞

而這些廣告可以一路追查到他本人。

For such a smart guy, 文法

對這麼聰明的人來說，

he definitely missed several big brain moments. 慣用語

他顯然也有過好幾次腦袋不靈光的時候。

Now,

接下來，

you need to watch this show,

你該看看這支影片：

why you should never visit the dark web,

《為什麼你絕對不該造訪暗網》，

or watch this show,

或是看看這支：

can you really order a mystery box from the dark web?

《你真的能從暗網訂購神祕盒子嗎？》