中國的太空站禁令：英語精讀講義

In November 1998,

1998年11月，

the first module of the International Space Station was launched into orbit.

國際太空站的首個模組被發射進入軌道。

Over the last two decades, 文法

在過去的二十年裡，

it's been home to hundreds of astronauts from 19 different countries.

它成為了來自19個不同國家的數百名太空人的家。

This enormous collaboration between different nations

這種不同國家間的巨大合作

shows just how much can be achieved when the world comes together. 講解

展現了當世界攜手並進時，我們能取得多大的成就。

However,

然而，

not every nation is allowed to take part in the ISS program. 片語搭配

並非每個國家都被允許參與國際太空站（ISS）計畫。

China has never taken part in the program

中國從未參與過該計畫，

and since 2011,

而且自2011年起，

they were officially banned from doing so. 文法

他們被正式禁止參與其中。

In this video,

在本期影片中，

we're going to look at the history of unlikely space collaborations. 表達脈絡

我們將回顧那些不可思議的太空合作的歷史。

We're also going to look at why the US lost trust in China's space program

我們還將探討為什麼美國對中國的太空計畫失去信任，

and China's future plans to make their own space station.

以及中國未來建造自己太空站的計畫。

In the midst of the Cold War, 片語搭配

在冷戰中期，

space was the ultimate frontier between the United States and the Soviet Union. 慣用語

太空是美國和蘇聯之間的終極邊疆。

After political tensions fueled the advancements in rocket technology,

在政治緊張局勢推動火箭技術進步之後，

the space race eventually came to a conclusion 片語搭配

太空競賽最終畫上了句號，

when Apollo 11 successfully landed on the moon.

那就是阿波羅11號成功登陸月球。

As the political landscape of the Cold War began to ease,

隨著冷戰的政治格局開始緩和，

a milestone was reached in 1975 片語搭配

1975年達成了一個里程碑，

when the US and Soviets worked together on the Apollo-Soyuz project, 文化背景

當時美蘇合作開展了「阿波羅-聯盟號」計畫，

a mission which involved both nations docking their capsules together in space.

這一任務涉及兩國的太空艙在太空中對接。

The mission began in Baikonur,

任務從拜科努爾開始，

where two cosmonauts launched on the Soyuz 19 capsule. 文化背景

兩名太空人乘坐聯盟19號太空艙升空。

A few hours later,

幾個小時後，

the Apollo capsule lifted off from US soil, 片語動詞

阿波羅太空艙從美國本土發射升空，

launching three astronauts into space

將三名太空人送入太空，

where it docked with the Soyuz capsule. 用詞

並在那裡與聯盟號太空艙對接。

Three hours after docking,

對接三個小時後，

the first international handshake in space

第一次太空中的國際握手

took place through the hatch of the Soyuz capsule.

穿過聯盟號太空艙的艙門完成了。

This extraordinary moment signified a strong shift in the space race

這一非凡時刻標誌著太空競賽發生了重大轉變，

and ushered in a new era of international collaboration. 片語動詞

並迎來了國際合作的新時代。

Fast forward 23 years 表達脈絡

時間快進23年，

and the largest space collaboration was about to begin, 文法

最大規模的太空合作即將拉開帷幕，

the International Space Station.

也就是國際太空站。

Spearheaded by NASA, 慣用語

在美國太空總署（NASA）的牽頭下，

the space station involved 15 nations

這個太空站有15個國家

and five different space agencies.

和5個不同的航太局參與。

Besides the technical challenges of developing and launching an entire space station,

除了開發和發射整個太空站面臨的技術挑戰外，

getting all of these countries to work together 文法

讓所有這些國家協同合作

required an extreme amount of trust.

還需要極大的信任。

At first,

起初，

NASA were concerned that Russia would use the opportunity

NASA擔心俄羅斯會利用這個機會，

to transfer advanced technology for their own military use.

轉移先進技術供其自身軍事使用。

But after the Columbia disaster grounded the space shuttle,

但在哥倫比亞號太空梭失事導致太空梭停飛後，

NASA had no choice but to rely on Russia 文法

NASA別無選擇，只能依賴俄羅斯

to transport astronauts to and from the space station. 片語搭配

來運送往返太空站的太空人。

Despite the worldwide collaboration required to build the ISS,

儘管建造國際太空站需要全球合作，

China was one of the largest countries not invited to join the International Space Station.

中國卻是未被邀請加入國際太空站的最大國家之一。

At the time,

當時，

the Chinese Space Administration was only 5 years old

中國國家航天局才成立5年，

and the rest of the nations felt that China was simply not ready

其他國家認為中國根本還沒有準備好

to make a meaningful contribution to the project. 片語搭配

為該計畫做出實質性貢獻。

So,

因此，

China plowed forward with their own space program 慣用語

中國推進了自己的太空計畫，

and in 2003

並在2003年

became the only nation other than the US and Russia 文法

成為除美國和俄羅斯之外唯一一個

to launch a human into space.

將人類送入太空的國家。

As progress continued on the ISS,

隨著國際太空站的持續進展，

China stated their desire to join the ISS as a new member. 片語搭配

中國表達了作為新成員加入國際太空站的願望。

However,

然而，

legislation introduced by US Congress in 2011

2011年美國國會提出的立法

eliminated the possibility of China joining the ISS. 片語搭配

抹殺了中國加入國際太空站的可能性。

In this legislation,

在這項立法中，

a provision known as the Wolf amendment was passed 文化背景

通過了一項被稱為「沃爾夫條款」的規定，

to forbid NASA and US companies 文法

禁止NASA和美國公司

from sharing technological advancements with the Chinese government.

與中國政府分享先進的技術。

Although this may seem like a harsh decision, 表達脈絡

儘管這看起來像是一個嚴苛的決定，

America's distrust in China was not completely unfounded.

但美國對中國的不信任也並非完全沒有根據。

In 2007,

2007年，

China deployed an anti-satellite weapon

中國部署了一件反衛星武器

to destroy one of its own weather satellites.

摧毀了其自身的一顆氣象衛星。

This received worldwide criticism 片語搭配

這招致了全世界的批評，

for the dangerous amounts of space debris it caused. 用詞

因為它造成了危險數量的太空碎片。

A decade later,

十年後，

two Chinese nationals were charged by the US Department of Justice

兩名中國公民被美國司法部起訴，

for allegedly hacking information from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 用詞

罪名是涉嫌從NASA的噴射推進實驗室竊取資訊。

Despite being banned from the ISS, 文法

儘管被禁止進入國際太空站，

China continues to rapidly advance their space program.

中國依然在快速推進其太空計畫。

In 2019,

2019年，

China became the first nation ever 文法

中國成為有史以來第一個

to successfully land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 文化背景

成功讓太空船在月球背面著陸的國家。

In 2011,

2011年，

they launched a space station known as Tiangong-1,

他們發射了名為「天宮一號」的太空站，

which was soon followed in 2016 by Tiangong-2. 文法

緊接著在2016年發射了「天宮二號」。

The final form of the Chinese space station

中國太空站的最終形態

will be 1/5 of the size of the ISS 文法

將是國際太空站規模的五分之一，

and is expected to be completed by 2023. 文法

預計將於2023年完工。

While the United States remains against the idea of a Chinese collaboration,

儘管美國依然反對與中國合作的想法，

other space agencies are not so keen to avoid partnership. 語氣意圖

但其他航太機構並不那麼想迴避這種夥伴關係。

The European Space Agency have been clear

歐洲太空總署已明確表示

about their willingness to let China into the ISS

他們願意讓中國進入國際太空站，

and countries such as Italy

像義大利這樣的國家

have even agreed to collaborate with China 片語搭配

甚至已同意與中國

on future manned space flight missions.

在未來的載人太空飛行任務上進行合作。

Whether they were rightfully excluded from the ISS or not, 文法

無論他們被排除在國際太空站之外是否正當，

China has been successful in developing their own space program. 片語搭配

中國在發展自身太空計畫方面已經取得了成功。

Over the next few decades,

在未來的幾十年裡，

they are poised to become an even bigger player within the space community. 講解

他們有望在太空領域扮演更重要的角色。

But at the end of the day, 慣用語

但說到底，

space exploration should bring nations together. 片語動詞

太空探索應該讓各國團結在一起。

Our greatest achievements in space come

我們在太空中的最偉大成就

when large teams of people work

是當龐大的團隊

together to achieve a shared goal.

共同努力實現一個共同目標時取得的。

Thank you very much for watching

非常感謝您的觀看，

and I'll see you in the next video.

我們下期影片再見。