北韓領導人金正恩到底有多殘忍？：英語精讀講義

At 34 years old,

現年34歲的

Kim Jong-un is one of the youngest world leaders alive today,

金正恩是當今世上最年輕的國家領導人之一，

and he's certainly by far the most infamous. 文法

他也絕對是迄今為止最臭名昭著的一位。

But what makes him so terrifying? 文法

但究竟是什麼讓他如此令人畏懼？

Today, we'll take a look at some of the cruelest things he's done.

今天，我們將看一看他做過的一些最殘忍的事情。

In this episode of The Infographics Show,

在本期《資訊圖表秀》中，

how brutal is Kim Jong-un?

金正恩到底有多殘暴？

In 2011,

2011年，

the world was formally introduced to Kim Jong-un,

金正恩正式在世界面前亮相，

the third dynastic ruler of North Korea since 1950.

他是自1950年以來北韓的第三代世襲統治者。

Kim's cruelty started almost as soon as he assumed power.

幾乎在他掌權的同時，金氏的殘暴便開始顯現。

Faced with the specter of a possible coup 文法

面對可能發生政變的幽靈，

from within the ranks of the nation's top political and military elite,

這些政變可能來自國家最高政治和軍事菁英內部，

Kim Jong-un immediately began a political purge 文化背景

金正恩立即開始了一場政治大清洗，

that is rumored to have killed dozens of senior officials.

據傳這場清洗殺死了數十名高級官員。

In his bid to consolidate power 片語搭配

為了鞏固權力

and prevent any challenge to his authority,

並防止任何人挑戰他的權威，

he even went so far as to have his own uncle executed, 文法

他甚至不惜處決了自己的姑父，

and years later,

幾年後，

paranoia concerning his half-brother

對同父異母哥哥的偏執猜忌

led him to dispatch assassins to Kuala Lumpur in 2017. 文法

導致他在2017年向吉隆坡派遣了刺客。

But political purges are simply par for the course concerning Kim's cruelty. 慣用語

但政治清洗對金的殘暴來說只是家常便飯。

His real crimes against humanity are committed on a daily basis against his own citizens. 文化背景

他真正的反人類罪行是每天都在對自己的公民犯下的。

Wait until you hear about the laws they must follow

等你聽到他們必須遵守的法律，

and the penalties they incur for breaking them.

以及打破這些法律所招致的懲罰時再說吧。

The hallmark of North Korean cruelty is known as the three generations rule, 文化背景

北韓殘酷統治的標誌被稱為「三代株連」制度，

established in 1972 by Kim Il-sung,

該制度由金日成於1972年確立，

Kim Jong-un's grandfather.

他是金正恩的祖父。

The three generations rule mandates that any serious crime

「三代株連」制度規定，任何嚴重罪行

warrants punishing not just the offender, 文法

不僅需要懲罰犯罪者本人，

but three generations of his or her family as well.

還要懲罰其家族的三代人。

This is, according to Kim Il-sung,

根據金日成的說法，這是

the only way to exterminate the seed of evil completely. 慣用語

徹底消滅邪惡種子的唯一方法。

What this means is that in North Korea,

這意味著在北韓，

if your father committed a grave crime against the state,

如果你的父親犯下了反對國家的重罪，

you and your children would also be sent to a prison camp alongside him

你和你的孩子也將與他一起被送進勞改營，

for the rest of your life.

在裡面度過餘生。

The three generations rule is supposed to be only for great offenses, 文法

「三代株連」制度本應只適用於重大犯罪，

but testimony from North Korean defectors and escapees

但北韓脫北者和逃亡者的證詞

shows that it has been enacted for offenses

表明它已被用於各種違規行為，

from political dissent to failing to remove dust 文法

從政治異見到未能拂去灰塵——

from a portrait of any of the Kim ruling family members.

這灰塵是在任何金氏統治家族成員的畫像上。

Conditions inside the labor camps are purposefully cruel as well,

勞改營內的條件也故意弄得極為殘酷，

with prisoners being fed barely enough to stay alive 文法

囚犯得到的食物僅夠維持生命，

and forced to try to catch rats and insects to eat.

他們被迫嘗試抓捕老鼠和昆蟲來充飢。

Survivors have described 12-hour hard labor workdays seven days a week,

倖存者描述了每天12小時的苦役，每週七天不休，

with people becoming physically stunted and deformed from the unceasing work.

人們由於無休止的勞作而導致身體發育不良和畸形。

Beatings, torture, and rape are all commonplace in these camps,

在這些營地裡，毆打、酷刑和強姦都是家常便飯，

and there exists no possibility of parole. 文化背景

而且完全沒有假釋的可能性。

North Korea's constitution technically guarantees freedom of the press, 表達脈絡

雖然北韓憲法在名義上保證了新聞自由，

but the state does not allow any foreign or non-state-sponsored media to operate.

但國家不允許任何外國或非國家贊助的媒體營運。

It is therefore technically illegal to operate any independent press,

因此，營運任何獨立媒體在技術上都是非法的，

and this is a law that Kim's North Korea enforces strictly.

而這是金氏北韓嚴格執行的一項法律。

All foreign media is completely banned from the nation,

所有外國媒體在這個國家被完全禁止，

making it illegal to watch foreign TV shows or movies, 文法

使得觀看外國電視節目或電影、

listen to foreign radio or music,

收聽外國廣播或音樂，

or even read foreign books.

甚至閱讀外國書籍都成為非法行為。

While North Korea does have a state-run version of the internet 用詞

雖然北韓確實擁有一個國家營運版的網際網路

that is open to all citizens,

對所有公民開放，

government permission is first needed to own a computer,

但擁有電腦首先需要政府的許可，

and only state-approved content is available.

而且只有國家批准的內容可用。

Occasionally, outside websites are made available,

偶爾會開放一些外部網站，

but they are heavily censored after being downloaded and hosted locally.

但它們在被下載並託管在本地後受到了嚴格的審查。

Violating any of North Korea's media rules is met with strict punishment 片語搭配

違反任何北韓的媒體法規都會遭到嚴厲懲罰，

with either execution or imprisonment in a forced labor camp.

要麼被處決，要麼在強制勞改營中監禁。

North Korea's constitution also technically guarantees freedom of religion,

北韓憲法在名義上也保證了宗教自由，

but Kim Jong-un's government is extremely hostile to the idea of any religion, 片語搭配

但金正恩政府對任何宗教觀念都極度敵視，

and the practice of it is banned by law.

並且法律禁止任何宗教活動。

In its place is a national ideology of Juche, 講解

取而代之的是「主體思想」這一國家意識形態，

a hybrid fusion of Marxism and Korean nationalism

這是馬克思主義和北韓民族主義的混合融合，

created by Kim Il-sung.

由金日成創造。

Juche states that man is the master of his own destiny,

主體思想宣稱人是自己命運的主人，

and that the North Korean masses are to act as masters of their revolution

而且北韓群眾要充當他們革命的主人，

and in the construction of their own socialist state.

並在建設自己的社會主義國家中發揮主人翁作用。

The Juche ideology preaches strong nationalism and self-reliance,

主體思想宣揚強烈的民族主義和自力更生，

but makes no mention of any divine creator or other spiritual entities.

但沒有提及任何神聖造物主或其他精神實體。

Wary of what the Kim family believes to be corrupting Western influences, 用詞

由於對金氏家族所認為的腐化西方影響保持警惕，

all other religions are banned in North Korea,

在北韓，所有其他宗教都被禁止，

and anyone caught practicing any other religion faces immediate imprisonment, 文法

任何被發現進行其他宗教活動的人都面臨立即入獄，

often with the dreaded three generations rule in effect.

通常還會實施可怕的「三代株連」制度。

Kim Jong-un has also continued his father and grandfather's practice

金正恩也延續了他父親和祖父的做法，

of tightly controlling the movement of its own citizens.

嚴格控制其本國公民的流動。

It is illegal in North Korea to leave the country without official permission,

在北韓，未經官方許可離開國家是非法的，

which is almost never granted.

而這種許可幾乎從未被批准過。

While thousands of defectors and refugees still attempt to flee across the border into China

儘管成千上萬的脫北者和難民仍試圖逃越邊境進入中國，

or through the heavily mined DMZ into South Korea,

或穿過佈滿地雷的非軍事區進入南韓，

they do so knowing that their families they leave behind 片語動詞

但他們在這樣做時都知道，他們留下的家人

will likely be punished in their absence.

很可能會在他們不在場的情況下受到懲罰。

Even those that manage to successfully escape, though,

然而，即使是那些成功逃脫的人，

are still not safe,

也仍然不安全，

as North Korea has for a long time conducted international abductions

因為長期以來北韓一直在進行國際綁架，

and forced repatriations of escaped citizens. 文化背景

並強制遣返逃亡公民。

North Koreans in Japan, South Korea, China, and even as far as Europe

在日本、南韓、中國甚至遠至歐洲的北韓人，

have all been the target of North Korean abduction squads

都曾成為北韓綁架小隊的目標，

who force the individual back home under threat of violence. 片語搭配

他們在暴力威脅下強迫這些人返回國內。

Sometimes, they even drug them and smuggle them back home.

有時，他們甚至給目標下藥並將其走私回國。

Once returned, you guessed it, 語氣意圖

一旦被帶回，你猜對了，

they face execution or forced imprisonment,

他們面臨著處決或強制監禁，

where they will likely join whatever family they left behind

在那裡，他們很可能與他們留下的任何家人團聚，

in a forced labor camp.

在一個強制勞改營裡。

But pregnant women who are captured and repatriated face yet another of Kim's horrors,

但是被捕並被遣返的孕婦面臨著金正恩的另一種恐怖政策，

his belief in complete racial purity and Korean superiority.

那就是他對絕對種族純潔性和朝鮮人優越性的信仰。

If a woman becomes pregnant while abroad,

如果一名婦女在國外懷孕，

the child is killed,

孩子就會被殺死，

and if she is returned home pregnant,

如果她懷孕回國，

she's forced to have an abortion.

她將被迫墮胎。

One report from an escaped North Korean

一份來自逃亡北韓人的報告

told of a woman in a hospital who gave birth,

講述了一名在醫院生下孩子的婦女，

only to have the baby immediately smothered to death. 文法

結果嬰兒立即被摀死。

Kim Jong-un's government preaches self-reliance,

金正恩政府宣揚自力更生，

yet it is completely unable to meet the needs of its own people.

但它完全無法滿足自己人民的需求。

In its place, a black market has sprung up, 講解

取而代之的是，黑市如雨後春筍般湧現，

and often it is the only place that food and medicine can be found.

且往往是唯一能找到食物和藥物的地方。

Yet Kim has continued his father and grandfather's abolishment

然而，金正恩延續了他父親和祖父的廢除政策，

of a free market system,

也就是廢除自由市場體系，

so any private enterprise is completely banned in the nation.

因此任何私有企業在這個國家都被完全禁止。

Those caught dealing smuggled goods

那些被抓到交易走私物品

or trying to start up their own business are imprisoned,

或試圖創業的人都會被監禁，

though it is a well-known fact that corruption

儘管眾所周知腐敗現象

is so rampant among North Korea's police and military 文法

在北韓警察和軍隊中如此猖獗，

that most officials will look the other way 慣用語

以至於大多數官員都會睜一隻眼閉一隻眼，

in exchange for a hefty bribe. 片語搭配

以換取高額賄賂。

Theft, however, is still harshly dealt with, 片語動詞

然而，盜竊行為仍然受到嚴厲處理，

even things that would seem petty to you and I.

甚至是那些對你我來說微不足道的事情。

In 2016,

在2016年，

21-year-old American college student Otto Warmbier,

21歲的美國大學生奧托·瓦姆比爾，

on a sponsored tour of the nation,

在一次受到贊助的北韓之行中，

stole a propaganda poster off his hotel's wall and was caught.

從他飯店的牆上偷走了一張宣傳海報並被抓住。

His sentence was 15 years of hard labor 用詞

他被判處15年苦役，

for trying to harm the motivation and work ethic

因為他被指控試圖損害動機和職業道德——

of the Korean people.

屬於北韓人民的。

Though he was released to the US 17 months later,

雖然他在17個月後獲釋返回美國，

Warmbier suffered severe brain trauma by then,

但那時瓦姆比爾已經遭受了嚴重的腦創傷，

likely due to severe torture and starvation,

很可能是由於嚴重的酷刑和飢餓造成的，

and died days later.

並在幾天後去世。

In North Korea, your freedom,

在北韓，你的自由，

everything from what you watch, read, or even where you can work, is severely restricted,

從你觀看的、閱讀的甚至工作的地方等一切，都受到嚴格限制，

and there exists no due process. 文化背景

並且不存在任何正當程序。

The country is ruled completely and absolutely

這個國家被完全而絕對地統治著，

through the brutality of Kim Jong-un alone,

僅憑金正恩一人的殘暴，

who fears dissent so much 文法

他如此害怕異議，

that he is willing to go to extreme lengths to prevent it. 片語搭配

以至於他願意採取極端的手段來防止它的發生。

While you may occasionally get annoyed

雖然你有時可能會感到煩惱，

by the rules and laws in your own country,

因為你自己國家的法規和法律，

at least give thanks that, safe at home,

但至少應該慶幸，在安全的家中，

you don't face the possibility of getting sent,

你不會面臨被送去的可能性，

along with your entire family,

連同你的整個家庭一起，

to prison for failing to dust the portrait

去監獄，僅僅因為未能撢去灰塵

of your country's ruler.

從你國家統治者的畫像上。

So, what do you think about Kim Jong-un's brutality?

那麼，你如何看待金正恩的殘暴？

Are there any unfair or unjust laws in your country?

你的國家有任何不公平或不公正的法律嗎？

Let us know in the comments.

請在評論區告訴我們。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called

另外，一定要去看看我們另一部影片，名為

What If Hitler Had Won.

《如果希特勒贏了會怎樣》。

Thanks for watching,

感謝觀看，

and as always,

和往常一樣，

don't forget to like,

不要忘記按讚、

share,

分享

and subscribe.

和訂閱。

See you next time.

下次見。