書呆子 vs 受歡迎的孩子：成年後誰是贏家？：英語精讀講義

Like it or hate it, 表達脈絡

不管你喜不喜歡，

school has a social pecking order for most people. 慣用語

對大多數人來說，學校裡存在著社交階級。

From grade school to high school,

從小學到高中，

students form social groups or cliques,

學生們會形成社交圈或小團體，

and some are more popular than others.

有些人就是比其他人更受歡迎。

While many students are lost somewhere in the middle in terms of popularity, 片語搭配

雖然許多學生在受歡迎程度上處於中間位置，

the students at the top and at the bottom stand out the most. 片語動詞

但處在頂層和底層的學生往往最顯眼。

There are the high status popular kids

那些地位高、受歡迎的孩子

who are often seen as the ideal everyone else strives for. 片語搭配

經常被視為其他人努力效仿的理想榜樣。

And then,

然後，

there are the social misfits at the bottom who are often shunned

處於底層的是社交上不合群的人，他們常常被排擠，

lest their undesirable attributes rub off on anyone else above them. 講解

以免他們身上不討喜的特質傳染給上面的人。

Nerds are usually lumped together with the others in this bottom group. 片語動詞

書呆子通常和底層群體裡的其他人混為一談。

Outside of school,

在學校之外，

popular kids and nerds have caught the attention of Hollywood, 片語搭配

受歡迎的孩子和書呆子也引起了好萊塢的注意，

resulting in a steady stream of movies and TV shows about these opposing social groups. 文法

催生了一系列關於這兩個對立社交群體的電影和電視節目。

While these depictions of popular kids and nerds have entertained us over the years,

雖然多年來這些關於受歡迎的孩子和書呆子的描繪娛樂了我們，

how accurate are they? 表達脈絡

但它們有多準確呢？

And what happens to popular kids and nerds after they get out of school?

那些受歡迎的孩子和書呆子離開學校後會怎樣呢？

We'll try to answer these questions in this episode of The Infographics Show,

我們將在這期The Infographics Show中嘗試回答這些問題，

Popular Kids versus Nerds.

《受歡迎的孩子與書呆子大比拼》。

Nerds are on the giving and receiving end of bullying. 慣用語

書呆子既是霸凌的施加者，也是受害者。

In teenage movies such as Pretty in Pink,

在《紅粉佳人》、

Clueless, and Mean Girls,

《獨領風騷》和《辣妹過招》等青春電影中，

popular kids are often portrayed as bullies. 片語搭配

受歡迎的孩子經常被描繪成惡霸。

Research indicates that this movie image is fairly accurate. 表達脈絡

研究表明，這種電影形象是相當準確的。

A study conducted by sociologist Bob Faris and his co-author Diane Felmlee reveals that popular kids, 文法

社會學家Bob Faris和他的合著者Diane Felmlee進行的一項研究表明，受歡迎的孩子，

except those at the absolute top of the social ladder, 慣用語

除了那些處於社交階梯絕對頂端的人，

are most likely to act aggressively towards other kids. 文法

最有可能對其他孩子做出攻擊性行為。

This aggression comes out in the form of normative targeting, 片語搭配

這種攻擊性表現為規範性針對，

or bullying kids who break social norms, 片語搭配

也就是霸凌打破社交規範的孩子，

such as nerds.

比如書呆子。

But it also emerges in another surprising form.

但它也以另一種令人驚訝的形式出現。

Contrary to popular belief, 表達脈絡

與普遍的看法相反，

not all popular kids are safe from bullying.

並非所有受歡迎的孩子都能免受霸凌。

Some popular kids will pick on other popular kids whose popularity is growing. 片語動詞

一些受歡迎的孩子會欺負其他越來越受歡迎的孩子。

These aggressive kids engage in what Faris and his colleagues call instrumental targeting, 片語搭配

這些具有攻擊性的孩子參與了Faris和他的同事所說的工具性針對，

or the use of bullying as an instrument or tool to gain social status.

即利用霸凌作為獲得社會地位的工具或手段。

In other words, 表達脈絡

換句話說，

they're acting out the age-old story of building themselves up by tearing others down. 慣用語

他們正在上演透過貶低他人來抬高自己的老套戲碼。

Another surprising finding is the study of the reaction of popular kids

另一個令人驚訝的發現是，對受歡迎的孩子

who were bullied by one of their peers.

被同儕欺負後的反應研究。

According to Faris and Felmlee's study,

根據Faris和Felmlee的研究，

any given bullying incident hurts more emotionally for a popular kid than an unpopular one.

任何一起霸凌事件對受歡迎的孩子的心理傷害都比不受歡迎的孩子要大。

These popular kids feel more anxiety than unpopular kids

這些受歡迎的孩子比不受歡迎的孩子感到更焦慮，

because they think that they have more to lose. 慣用語

因為他們認為自己有更多可失去的東西。

It unnerves them that a social competitor

讓他們感到不安的是，社交競爭對手

could undo all of the hard work

可能會毀掉他們為

they put in to increase their social status. 片語動詞

提高社會地位所付出的所有努力。

The only kids who seem to be safe from bullying

唯一似乎能免受霸凌的孩子

are those at the absolute top of the social hierarchy

是那些處於社會等級絕對頂端的人，

because Faris states,

因為Faris指出，

"No one is trying to topple them from their perch." 慣用語

「沒人試圖把他們從高處拉下來。」

The popular mass media image of nerds as victims of bullying

大眾媒體將書呆子塑造成霸凌受害者的形象

is also fairly realistic.

也相當現實。

We could not find studies that focus specifically on nerd-only bullying,

我們找不到專門針對欺負書呆子的研究，

but we did notice that some characteristics of nerds

但我們確實注意到書呆子的一些特徵

put them at greater risk for being bullied. 片語搭配

使他們被欺負的風險更大。

According to StopBullying.gov,

根據StopBullying.gov的說法，

the Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a nerd 用詞

《韋氏詞典》將書呆子定義為

as an unstylish, unattractive, or socially inept person,

一個不時髦、沒有吸引力或不善交際的人，

especially one slavishly devoted to intellectual or academic pursuits. 用詞

尤其是一個盲目致力於智力或學術追求的人。

These characteristics could easily lead to a nerd 文法

這些特徵很容易讓書呆子

being perceived as different from their peers

被認為與同儕不同，

and being less popular than others,

並且不如其他人受歡迎，

which are two of the risk factors for bullying listed on StopBullying.gov.

這是StopBullying.gov上列出的兩個霸凌風險因素。

However, some nerds may also meet a third risk factor

然而，有些書呆子可能還符合第三個風險因素，

on StopBullying.gov's list:

在StopBullying.gov的名單上：

"Do not get along well with others, 片語動詞

「與他人相處不融洽，

seen as annoying or provoking,

被認為惹人煩或愛挑釁，

or antagonize others for attention."

或者為了引起注意而與他人作對。」

There are anecdotal reports of encounters with angry nerds and jerk nerds,

有軼事報導稱，有人遇到過憤怒的書呆子和混蛋書呆子，

as a few Reddit users call them.

正如一些Reddit用戶對他們的稱呼。

Unlike the likable but helpless nerds frequently seen on television and in the movies,

與電視和電影中常見的討人喜歡但無助的書呆子不同，

these nerds annoy people with their condescending behavior 用詞

這些書呆子帶著居高臨下的態度

and intellectual superiority.

和智力上的優越感來惹人煩。

And then there are nerds who reverse roles

還有一些書呆子會角色反轉，

and become bullies themselves.

自己變成了惡霸。

A computer expert named Rob Collie wrote a blog post criticizing nerd bullies.

一位名叫Rob Collie的電腦專家寫了一篇部落格文章，批評書呆子惡霸。

He calls them traitors

他稱他們為叛徒，

because they try to compensate 片語搭配

因為他們試圖彌補

for their historically instilled feelings of inferiority

歷史灌輸給他們的自卑感，

by passing the pain and abuse they suffered onto other nerds. 片語動詞

將他們遭受的痛苦和虐待轉嫁給其他書呆子。

Nerd bullies suffered at the hands of the mob, 慣用語

書呆子惡霸曾是暴民手下的受害者，

and now they lead mobs of other former sufferers

而現在他們帶領著其他曾經的受害者

against victims of their own communities.

去對付他們自己社區中的受害者。

However, he describes seeing nerd bullies at work

不過，他描述了在網路遊戲和科技社區中

in the online gaming and tech communities.

看到的書呆子惡霸的行徑。

We could not find any studies

我們找不到任何研究

showing that nerd bullies are a problem within schools as well.

證明書呆子惡霸在學校裡也是個問題。

Moving past the bullying 表達脈絡

拋開霸凌不談，

and the somewhat accurate but incomplete view of popular kids and nerds

再拋開對受歡迎孩子和書呆子有些準確卻不完整的看法，

in movies and on television,

也就是電影和電視裡呈現的那些看法，

we find that their lives after high school are markedly different.

我們發現他們高中畢業後的生活截然不同。

Studies following popular kids into adulthood revealed mixed outcomes for them.

追蹤受歡迎孩子到成年的研究揭示了他們好壞參半的結局。

A 2013 Leadernomics.com article cites the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study,

2013年Leadernomics.com的一篇文章引用了威斯康辛州縱向研究，

which tracked the social characteristics and career achievements of students

該研究追蹤了1957年

who graduated from a Wisconsin high school in 1957.

從威斯康辛州一所高中畢業的學生的社會特徵和職業成就。

This study showed that popular students earned a higher income in the long run 片語搭配

這項研究表明，從長遠來看，受歡迎的學生

compared to those who were less popular.

比那些不太受歡迎的學生收入更高。

However, a follow-up study by Yale Professor Jason Fletcher

然而，耶魯大學教授Jason Fletcher的一項後續研究

called into question the findings of the original Wisconsin study. 片語搭配

對最初的威斯康辛州研究的發現提出了質疑。

It included additional data from siblings attending the same school

它包含了在同一所學校就讀的兄弟姊妹的額外數據，

that showed the impact of popularity on future pay simply vanished.

表明受歡迎程度對未來薪酬的影響根本不存在。

A University of Virginia study tracking young people from age 13 to 23

維吉尼亞大學的一項追蹤13到23歲年輕人的研究

also painted a less rosy picture for popular kids. 慣用語

也為受歡迎的孩子描繪了一幅不那麼樂觀的畫面。

According to this study,

根據這項研究，

cool kids were more likely to have bigger troubles later in life.

酷小孩在以後的生活中更有可能遇到大麻煩。

These problems included drug and alcohol use, as well as criminal activity.

這些問題包括吸毒和酗酒，以及犯罪活動。

The study found that as young adults,

研究發現，當他們步入成年期時，

they were using 40% more drugs and alcohol than the not-so-cool kids

他們吸毒和酗酒的比例比不那麼酷的孩子高出40%，

and were 22% more likely to be running into trouble with the law. 片語動詞

觸犯法律的可能性高出22%。

These things done to impress others hurt the popular kids in the long run.

從長遠來看，為了給別人留下深刻印象而做的這些事，傷害了受歡迎的孩子。

One of the researchers of the study, Joseph Allen,

該研究的研究員之一Joseph Allen

says that teens trying so hard to be cool in the early adolescence

表示，在青春期早期拼命耍酷的青少年

find the rewards of popularity in the short term,

在短期內會體驗到受歡迎的回報，

but their approach ultimately leads to a dead end. 慣用語

但他們的方式最終會走進死胡同。

The end result is what Allen calls the high school reunion effect.

最終的結果就是Allen所說的「高中同學會效應」。

You see the person who was cool,

你看到那個曾經很酷、

did exciting things that were intimidating and seemed glamorous at the time,

做過當時令人望而生畏且看似光鮮亮麗的刺激事情的人，

and then 5 or 10 years later,

然後過了5年或10年，

they're working in a menial job and have poor relationships and such.

他們做著卑微的工作，人際關係也很差等等。

In contrast,

相比之下，

nerds often fare better than popular kids after they leave high school. 用詞

書呆子高中畢業後的表現往往比受歡迎的孩子好。

The Daily Mail cites the same University of Virginia study mentioned earlier.

《每日郵報》引用了前面提到的同一項維吉尼亞大學的研究。

While the cool kids struggled as they grew older,

雖然酷小孩隨著年齡的增長會遇到困難，

the study found that those who are less popular as teenagers

但研究發現，那些在青少年時期不太受歡迎的人

ended up doing better in life than their cooler peers. 片語動詞

最終在生活中的表現比他們酷酷的同儕要好。

Allen and the other researchers of the study also discovered the ones who were considered geeks

Allen和該研究的其他研究人員還發現，那些被認為是極客的人

went on to outperform the others by the time they reached early adulthood. 片語動詞

在進入成年初期時表現優於其他人。

While the intellectual activities highly valued by nerds might have made them less popular at school,

雖然書呆子高度重視的智力活動可能使他們在學校裡不太受歡迎，

they paid off for nerds in the long run. 片語動詞

但從長遠來看，這些活動對書呆子是有回報的。

A Newsweek article reports that new research suggests

《新聞週刊》的一篇文章報導稱，新的研究表明，

that four high school behaviors can predict financial and occupational success as adults.

四種高中行為可以預測成年後的財務和職業成功。

A long-term study conducted by the American Psychological Association

美國心理學會進行的一項長期研究

found that being interested in learning,

發現，對學習感興趣、

acting responsibly, and possessing good reading and writing skills

負責任的行事方式以及良好的讀寫能力，

were linked to having a higher income 50 years after high school. 片語搭配

與高中畢業50年後獲得更高收入有關。

In addition,

此外，

Alexandra Robbins, the author of The Geeks Shall Inherit the Earth, 文化背景

《極客將繼承地球》一書的作者Alexandra Robbins

attributes some of the nerd success to what she calls the quirk theory. 片語搭配

將書呆子的一些成功歸結為她所說的「怪癖理論」。

The traits which made the nerd alienated in school,

那些讓書呆子在學校裡被孤立的特質，

unique personalities, passions, and ideas,

即獨特的個性、激情和想法，

can end up being admired or valued traits in adulthood.

最終可能成為成年後令人欽佩或被重視的特質。

She argues that being exceptional,

她認為，與眾不同、

developing coping strategies and independence,

培養應對策略和獨立性，

and being able to deal positively with stressful social situations

以及能夠積極應對充滿壓力的社交場合，

are some of the useful and valuable skills nerds learn while in school

是書呆子在學校裡學到的有用且寶貴的技能，

and later carry over into the workplace and beyond. 片語動詞

這些技能後來會被帶入職場及其他領域。

What are your experiences with popular kids and nerds?

你在面對受歡迎的孩子和書呆子時有什麼經歷？

Let us know in the comments.

請在留言中告訴我們。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called

另外，一定要去看看我們的另一部影片，叫做

What Makes Popular Kids Popular?

《是什麼讓受歡迎的孩子受歡迎？》

Thanks for watching.

感謝觀看。

And as always, don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

和往常一樣，別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

下次見。