阿波羅11號登月遺址現在的模樣：英語精讀講義

Eagle Houston you're, looking good.

鷹號，這裡是休士頓，你們狀況良好。

After 21 hours and 36 minutes on the surface of the moon,

在月表度過了21小時36分鐘後，

it was time for the first people to walk here,

是時候讓最先踏足這裡的兩個人，

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin,

尼爾·阿姆斯壯和伯茲·艾德林，

to start heading home.

準備踏上歸途了。

All right.

好的。

nine eight 7 6 5 abort stage engine arm ascent proceed.

九、八、七、六、五，中止級發動機啟動，上升程序繼續。

In this video,

在本影片中，

we will look at what the astronauts left behind 片語動詞

我們將看看太空人們留下了什麼，

on what is one of the most significant historical sites 文法

在這處具有最重大歷史意義的遺址上，

that no one has visited since.

自那以後再無人造訪過這裡。

During the astronauts' takeoff,

在太空人起飛時，

Buzz Aldrin observed the site from a window,

伯茲·艾德林透過舷窗觀察了這片場地，

noticing that the engine's spearing exhaust

注意到發動機噴出的尾氣

was whirling up moon dust

捲起了月球塵土，

and caused the American flag to tip over, 片語動詞

導致美國國旗倒下，

falling to the ground.

掉落到地面。

A special mounting mechanism had been designed for the flag, 文法

這面國旗曾設計了特殊的安裝裝置，

as with no wind on the moon,

因為月球上沒有風，

it had to be held upright by a horizontal crossbar. 文法

它必須由水平橫桿支撐才能保持直立。

The flag itself,

然而，國旗本身

however, made of nylon,

由尼龍製成，

is not a custom-made product, 表達脈絡

並非客製化產品，

but was ordered through the standard government supply catalog.

而是透過標準的政府供應目錄訂購的。

In addition to the flag,

除了國旗，

other commemorative items that serve no scientific purpose

其他沒有任何科學用途的紀念品

were left on the moon.

也被留在了月球上。

Attached on the ladder of the descent stage,

在下降級的梯子上，

there is a metal plaque featuring the signatures

固定著一塊金屬牌，上面刻有

of the Apollo 11 crew

阿波羅11號全體乘組

and then US president Richard Nixon.

和時任美國總統理查·尼克森的簽名。

The astronauts also placed a number of small objects

太空人們還在月表放置了一些

with symbolic meaning on the surface.

具有象徵意義的小物件。

These items were stored in a shoulder pocket

這些物品最初裝在

on Buzz Aldrin's space suit.

伯茲·艾德林太空衣的一個肩袋裡。

He almost forgot to leave them on the moon

他差點忘了把它們留在月球上，

and was reminded to do so by Armstrong 文法

幸好阿姆斯壯提醒了他，

while he was already on the ladder

當時他已經爬上梯子

to re-enter the lunar module.

準備重新進入登月艙。

From there,

從那裡，

Aldrin dropped the objects onto the lunar surface.

艾德林將這些物品扔到了月球表面。

Part of it was an Apollo 1 mission patch

其中一部分是阿波羅1號的任務徽章，

to honor the astronauts that had died

以此紀念在兩年半前的一場悲慘事故中

in a tragic accident 2 and 1/2 years prior.

喪生的太空人們。

Their cabin had caught fire during a launch rehearsal, 片語搭配

當時他們的艙室在發射演練中起火，

killing all three crew members. 文法

導致所有三名乘組成員遇難。

The astronauts also left two commemorative medals

太空人們還留下了兩枚紀念獎章，

to honor the Soviet cosmonauts Yuri Gagarin

以向蘇聯太空人尤里·加加林

and Vladimir Komarov,

和弗拉迪米爾·科馬洛夫致敬，

two space pioneers that died

這兩位太空先驅

in different tragic accidents.

死於另外兩起悲慘事故。

Even amidst the Cold War, 文化背景

即使在冷戰時期，

the aim was to express mutual respect

此舉也旨在表達對那些冒著生命危險

for those who risked their lives 片語搭配

探索太空的人們的

for the exploration of space.

相互尊重。

Another object that was placed to express the spirit

另一件用來表達國際合作精神

of international cooperation is a small silicon disc.

的物品是一塊小巧的矽盤。

It contains goodwill messages from the leaders

它包含了來自全球73個國家領導人的

of 73 countries around the world.

善意留言。

In addition,

此外，

it features the names of congress members

它還刻有負責NASA立法的

responsible for NASA legislation,

國會議員的名字，

as well as names of NASA senior staff. 片語搭配

以及NASA高階官員的名字。

The astronauts also left a gold olive branch 文化背景

太空人們還留下了一根金色的橄欖枝，

as a symbol of global peace.

作為全球和平的象徵。

Besides these purely symbolic objects, 表達脈絡

除了這些純粹的象徵性物品，

we can find instruments that were used

我們還能找到曾用於

for experiments such as this seismometer

實驗的儀器，比如這台

that can measure ground vibrations.

能夠測量地面震動的地震儀。

The device,

該設備

powered by solar panels, 文法

由太陽能板供電，

records data on the strength,

記錄關於地震事件的強度、

duration, and approximate direction

持續時間及大致方向的數據，

of seismic events and transmits

並將

this data to Earth.

這些數據傳回地球。

Unfortunately, just three weeks after the moon landing,

不幸的是，登月僅僅三週後，

the device stopped sending data back,

該設備便停止了回傳數據，

presumably because it overheated in the midday sun. 表達脈絡

據推測是因為它在正午的陽光下過熱。

The temperature fluctuations between day and

日夜之間的溫度波動

night are much more extreme 文法

要比地球上

than on Earth.

極端得多。

This is because the sun's heat is 表達脈絡

這是因為太陽的熱量

not absorbed by an atmosphere,

沒有被大氣層吸收，

which could distribute it and retain

大氣層本可以分散熱量並在

it during the night.

夜間保留它。

If we look around further,

如果我們看向更遠處，

we find another experiment,

會發現另一項實驗設備，

the lunar laser retroreflector.

即月球雷射測距反射鏡。

It acts as a special kind of mirror, 片語搭配

它就像一面特殊的鏡子，

reflecting incoming light in exactly

能將射入的光線沿

the same direction from which 文法

光束射來的

the beam originates.

完全相同的方向反射回去。

This means scientists on Earth

這意味著地球上的科學家

can direct a laser beam

可以將雷射光束

towards this device,

瞄準這台設備，

which will reflect the light

它會將光

back to Earth.

反射回地球。

Since the speed of light is known,

由於光速是已知的，

this instrument can be used to 文法

這種儀器可以用來

measure the exact distance between

測量

the Earth and the Moon,

地球與月球之間的精確距離，

and it is the mission's

並且它是該任務中

only experiment that still works

唯一至今仍在運作的

to this day. 片語搭配

實驗設備。

Other experiments that the astronauts

太空人進行的

carried out can only be 片語動詞

其他實驗只能透過

recognized by the traces they left behind.

他們留下的痕跡來辨認。

The astronauts took rock samples

太空人採集了岩石樣本

and drilled into the ground,

並在地面鑽孔，

measuring the resistance.

測量了阻力。

They also hung up a special sheet

他們還掛起了一張特殊的薄膜，

for the duration of their stay

在他們停留期間，

in order to measure the 文法

為了測量

solar wind outside of Earth's magnetosphere.

地球磁層外的太陽風。

Because the astronauts had to bring

因為太空人必須將

this sail back to Earth,

這張「帆」帶回地球，

only the pole remains on the Moon.

所以只有桿子留在了月球上。

Close to the lander,

在登陸器附近，

we find an area that is

我們發現了一片

cluttered with objects. 片語搭配

散落著雜物的區域。

This is the trash we left behind.

這些是我們留下的垃圾。

A number of rock samples

大量岩石樣本

were brought back to Earth,

被帶回了地球，

and in order to be able

為了能夠

to take as much as

盡可能多地帶走

possible of those,

這些樣本，

the astronauts tossed away equipment 片語動詞

太空人扔掉了那些

that had already served its purpose. 片語搭配

已經完成使命的設備。

Also, the black and white camera,

此外，那台黑白攝影機

which had transmitted both the first 文法

曾向全球觀眾轉播過

steps on the Moon

人類在月球的第一步

and the raising of the

以及插起

flag to a worldwide audience,

國旗的畫面，

stayed behind on the Moon.

它也留在了月球上。

In addition to commemorative items,

除了紀念品、

scientific experiments,

科學實驗設備

and tossed-away equipment,

和被丟棄的裝備外，

the astronauts left one other thing

太空人還留下了另一件東西，

behind, their footprints,

那就是他們的腳印，

which are often used as 慣用語

這通常被用來比喻

a metaphor for the achievement

這次旅程所代表的

that this journey represents.

偉大成就。

The paths that the astronauts

太空人走過的

took are clearly visible in

路徑在月塵中

the moon dust,

清晰可見，

and they reveal one path

它們揭示出有一條路徑

that was taken far away

通往遠離

from the landing site.

著陸點的地方。

Towards the end of the extravehicular activity, 文化背景

在艙外活動接近尾聲時，

Neil Armstrong took the chance

尼爾·阿姆斯壯抓住機會，

and went on an unplanned

進行了一次計畫外的

trip to the Little West Crater.

小西部隕石坑之旅。

After the astronauts left,

太空人離開後，

the site's condition is expected 文法

遺址的狀況預計

to only change slowly.

只會緩慢發生變化。

Not so much in periods of 表達脈絡

不是在幾週或幾個月的

weeks or months,

時間跨度內，

but decades, centuries,

而是幾十年、幾個世紀，

and even greater intervals.

甚至是更長的時間間隔。

And so today,

因此在今天，

more than 53 years after

在阿波羅11號離開

Apollo 11 left,

超過53年之後，

it can be assumed that 表達脈絡

可以推測

solar radiation has visually

太陽輻射在視覺上

changed the site.

已經改變了這處遺址。

Without a significant atmosphere

由於沒有足夠的大氣層

to protect the Moon,

來保護月球，

the intense ultraviolet radiation

陽光中強烈的紫外線輻射

of sunlight will have 片語搭配

會對

an impact on the materials

任務中所用的材料

used in the mission.

產生影響。

It is widely assumed that

人們普遍認為，

the colors of the US

美國國旗的顏色

flag have faded over the years.

隨著時間的推移已經褪去。

In addition,

此外，

the materials were exposed to 片語搭配

這些材料暴露在

the extreme temperature fluctuations,

極端的溫度波動中，

alternating between 14 days 文法

交替經歷14天

of 100°C heat and then

100°C的高溫，接著是

14 days in the dark

14天的黑暗，

at -150°C.

溫度低至-150°C。

And so,

因此，

it's likely that the nylon

這面尼龍

flag is also tattered

國旗極有可能也已破爛

and disintegrated,

並瓦解，

as other materials will 文法

因為其他材料也必將

have suffered and will

遭受同樣的損壞，並會

be covered in dust.

被塵土覆蓋。

Ultimately, however, 表達脈絡

然而最終，

these are assumptions to 片語搭配

據我們所知，這些都只是

the best of our knowledge.

一些推測。

What's left is a truly

留下的是一處真正

fascinating historical site that,

引人入勝的歷史遺址，

unlike archaeological sites on Earth, 文法

它不同於地球上的考古遺址，

is superbly preserved,

保存得極為完好，

but yet hardly studyable.

卻又難以被研究。

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That is because they are region-locked. 用詞

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