純素食者 vs 食肉者 - 誰能活得更長？食物 / 飲食大比拼：英語精讀講義

We've all experienced it.

我們都曾有過這樣的經驗。

We invite a friend to dinner,

我們邀請朋友來吃晚餐，

only to learn that she is the dreaded V-word. 講解

卻得知她是個令人敬畏的「V」開頭字眼（Vegan）。

We have a vague sense of what it means, 片語搭配

我們對這個詞的意思只有個模糊的概念，

but we're left with so many questions.

腦海裡卻冒出了一堆問題。

Is it healthier?

它比較健康嗎？

Will you sit on my leather couch?

妳會坐在我的真皮沙發上嗎？

Can we still go to Taco Bell?

我們還能去吃Taco Bell嗎？

In a world of health magazines and PETA commercials, 表達脈絡

在一個充斥著健康雜誌和PETA廣告的世界裡，

many people want to learn more about nutrition and which diets are the healthiest.

許多人想了解更多關於營養以及哪種飲食最健康的知識。

Wherever you go, 文法

無論你走到哪裡，

no one can escape the growing vegan phenomenon.

沒人能避開這股日益興起的純素食風潮。

So we thought it would be fun to explore it further in this episode of The Infographics Show,

所以我們覺得，在本集的The Infographics Show中進一步探討這個問題會很有趣：

Vegans vs. Meat Eaters.

純素食者 VS 肉食者。

A vegan is someone who follows a diet that contains no animal meat,

純素食者（Vegan）是指飲食中不包含任何動物肉類、

fish, eggs, dairy products,

魚類、蛋類、乳製品，

or any other food that comes from animals.

或任何其他來自動物的食物的人。

They differ from vegetarians who generally still eat dairy and eggs as part of their diets.

他們不同於一般素食者（Vegetarians），後者通常仍在飲食中攝取乳製品和蛋類。

Vegans also typically abstain from using any other products that come from animals, 用詞

純素食者通常也會避免使用任何其他來自動物的產品，

such as honey and leather jackets.

比如說蜂蜜和皮夾克。

Back in 2008,

回顧2008年，

vegans only accounted for around 0.5% of the US population or about 1 million people. 片語動詞

純素食者僅占美國人口的約0.5%，也就是約100萬人。

As of polls taken in 2014, 片語搭配

根據2014年的民意調查，

vegans now make up roughly 2.5% of the population, 片語動詞

純素食者目前約占總人口的2.5%，

at least in the United States.

至少在美國是如此。

Women seem to be far bigger fans of veganism,

女性似乎是純素食主義的更狂熱粉絲，

making up around 79% of vegans.

占純素食者的79%左右。

The number of meat eaters obviously far outweighs the number of vegans throughout the world, 用詞

顯然地，在世界範圍內，肉食者的數量遠超純素食者，

with the highest concentration of vegans being in Israel at only around 5% of their population. 文法

純素食者比例最高的國家是以色列，但也僅占其人口的5%左右。

By not consuming any animal products, 文法

由於不食用任何動物產品，

vegans follow a dietary path similar to an herbivore.

純素食者的飲食路徑類似於草食動物。

Herbivores are animals that feed exclusively on plants, 片語搭配

草食動物是專門以植物為食的動物，

such as cows, giraffes, and adorable deer.

像是牛、長頸鹿和可愛的鹿。

Meat eaters are typically omnivores,

肉食者通常是雜食動物，

which means that they eat both plants and animals.

這意味著他們既吃植物也吃動物。

The term comes from the Latin words omni meaning all or everything

這個詞源於拉丁語「omni」，意思是全部或一切，

and the word vorare which means to devour.

以及「vorare」一詞，意思是吞食。

So basically,

所以基本上，

omnivores are down to eat whatever. 用詞

雜食動物什麼都吃。

Most meat eaters don't solely eat just meat like a carnivore would do,

大多數肉食者並不像肉食動物那樣只吃肉，

that is unless you're Ron Swanson from Parks and Recreation. 講解

除非你是《公園與遊憩》裡的Ron Swanson。

Then it's beautiful bacon and sizzling steaks all day.

那樣的話，他整天都在吃美味的培根和滋滋作響的牛排。

So humans are widely thought of as natural omnivores, 片語搭配

因此，人類被廣泛認為是天生的雜食動物，

but some believe that humans are at their optimal health when following the dietary habits of an herbivore.

但有些人認為，遵循草食動物的飲食習慣，人類才能達到最佳健康狀態。

People often cite potential health benefits and ethical dilemmas as the main reasons to go on a vegan diet. 片語搭配

人們經常將潛在的健康益處和道德困境作為採取純素飲食的主要原因。

We won't get into the ethics today, 片語動詞

今天我們先不探討道德問題，

but we are curious about the health differences between vegans and their meat-eating friends.

但我們很好奇純素食者和他們吃肉的朋友在健康方面有何差異。

People on a vegan diet tend to be leaner. 文法

採用純素飲食的人往往更苗條。

In a cross-sectional study of nearly 40,000 adults, 用詞

在一項針對近40,000名成年人的橫斷面研究中，

meat eaters had the highest mean body mass index or BMI. 用詞

肉食者的平均身體質量指數（BMI）最高。

Vegetarians were in the middle and vegans had the lowest.

素食者居中，而純素食者最低。

Based on several studies from Finland, 表達脈絡

根據芬蘭的幾項研究，

some scientists have suggested that vegan diets may be helpful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

一些科學家指出，純素飲食可能有助於治療類風濕性關節炎。

Vegans also appear to have lower rates of hypertension than both meat eaters and vegetarians. 文法

純素食者患高血壓的比例似乎也低於肉食者和素食者。

Vegans also typically have lower cardio metabolic risks for conditions like heart disease or strokes.

純素食者在心臟病或中風等疾病的心血管代謝風險方面通常也較低。

The problem, however,

然而問題，

doesn't seem to be with meat itself, 文法

似乎不在於肉類本身，

but rather with the quality of meat.

而在於肉的品質。

Recent findings have found that coronary heart disease problems

最近的發現表明，冠心病問題

do not seem to be linked with red meat and saturated fats like previously thought, 片語搭配

似乎並不如以前認為的那樣與紅肉和飽和脂肪有關，

but rather with processed meats.

而是與加工肉品有關。

Based on a study of nearly 1.25 million people,

根據一項對近125萬人進行的研究，

consumption of processed meats,

食用加工肉品，

not simply red meat,

而不僅僅是紅肉，

was associated with higher rates of coronary heart disease. 片語搭配

與更高的冠心病發病率相關。

From an evolutionary standpoint, 片語搭配

從演化的角度來看，

meat-eating omnivores also seem to be the reason behind the growth of our larger more intelligent brains.

食肉的雜食動物似乎也是我們擁有更大、更聰明的大腦的原因。

This is the result of the higher protein content associated with meat consumption.

這是吃肉帶來更高蛋白質含量的結果。

The American Dietetic Association or ADA states that the protein from plants can easily meet and exceed protein requirements 片語搭配

美國飲食協會（ADA）表示，來自植物的蛋白質可以輕鬆達到甚至超過蛋白質的需求，

and that being an omnivore merely increases the amount of protein sources a person can have by including animal meat.

而作為雜食動物，只是透過加入動物肉類增加了人們攝取蛋白質來源的數量。

Obviously,

顯然地，

protein is important to both bone health and muscle mass.

蛋白質對骨骼健康和肌肉量都很重要。

One study even found that women who ate meat had higher amounts of muscle mass than their vegetarian counterparts,

一項研究甚至發現，吃肉的女性比吃素的女性擁有更多的肌肉量，

even if their protein intake was the same. 文法

即使她們的蛋白質攝取量相同。

While there certainly may be some health advantages in going vegan,

雖然成為純素食者肯定有一些健康優勢，

there seems to be some common deficiencies in the diet.

但這種飲食似乎也存在一些普遍的營養缺乏問題。

One of these deficiencies is with the vitamin B12.

其中一種缺乏的是維生素B12。

The ADA states that there are no natural plant foods that contain any significant amount of the vitamin.

ADA指出，沒有天然的植物性食物含有大量這種維生素。

Vegans can still get it,

純素食者仍然可以獲取它，

but they need to take a vitamin or consume fortified foods like soy milk and certain breakfast cereals. 用詞

但他們需要服用維生素或食用豆漿及某些早餐穀物等強化食品。

Omega-3 fatty acids are also very difficult to come by in a vegan diet, 片語動詞

Omega-3脂肪酸在純素飲食中也很難獲得，

but this can be overcome through the consumption of algae supplements. 片語搭配

但這可以透過食用藻類補充劑來克服。

With vegans requiring supplementation to meet their nutritional

鑑於純素食者需要補充劑來滿足其營養需求，

it supports the claim that veganism is unnatural,

這支持了純素主義是不自然的說法，

but that doesn't necessarily mean it's unhealthy. 文法

這並不一定意味著它不健康。

At this point, 表達脈絡

此時，

some of you may be wondering which diet leads to longer lifespans.

你們中的一些人可能會想，哪種飲食能帶來更長的壽命。

For that information, 表達脈絡

關於這個資訊，

we turn to Okinawa.

我們來看看沖繩。

The traditional Okinawan diet is typically regarded as the best for health and longevity, 片語搭配

傳統的沖繩飲食通常被認為對健康和長壽最好，

with the Okinawan islands having the greatest concentration of centenarians in the world. 文法

沖繩群島是世界上百歲人瑞最集中的地方。

An archipelago hundreds of miles off the coast of Japan, 片語搭配

作為一個離日本海岸數百英里的群島，

Okinawa has about 740 centenarians out of its population of 1.3 million people. 片語搭配

沖繩在130萬人口中約有740位百歲人瑞。

While their diets have been changing recently due to globalization and factors like fast food chains,

雖然由於全球化和速食連鎖店等因素，他們的飲食習慣最近有所改變，

the traditional Okinawan diet is made up of large amounts of plant-based carbohydrates. 片語動詞

但傳統的沖繩飲食由大量基於植物的碳水化合物組成。

Although they are primarily vegans, 文法

儘管他們主要是純素食者，

traditional Okinawans still eat meat on special occasions,

傳統的沖繩人仍然在特殊場合吃肉，

usually pork,

通常是豬肉，

as well as small amounts of fish on a weekly basis.

以及每週少量吃些魚。

This doesn't prove that small amounts of animal products are vital to good health, 表達脈絡

這並不能證明少量的動物產品對良好健康是不可或缺的，

but it does hint that the optimal human diet can be achieved without going completely vegan.

但它確實暗示，人類的理想飲食可以在不完全成為純素食者的情況下實現。

That said, 表達脈絡

儘管如此，

many health organizations,

許多健康組織，

including the ADA,

包括ADA，

state that all planned vegan diets are healthy and nutritionally adequate 用詞

都表示，所有精心規劃的純素飲食都是健康的且營養充足的，

and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. 片語搭配

並且在某些疾病的預防和治療方面可能提供健康益處。

It seems like no matter what your dietary preferences are, 文法

似乎無論你的飲食偏好是什麼，

a healthy lifestyle can be achieved on or off a vegan diet. 片語搭配

就算是純素飲食與否，都可以實現健康的生活方式。

Are you or would you ever consider becoming a vegan? 文法

你是，或者你會考慮成為一個純素食者嗎？

Why or why not?

為什麼會，或者為什麼不會？

Let us know down in the comments below.

請在下方的留言區告訴我們。

And if you like our videos and want to help us continue to make more of them,

如果你喜歡我們的影片，並想幫助我們繼續製作更多影片，

please head on over to Patreon and show us some love. 慣用語

請前往Patreon支持我們。

Don't forget to give this video a like and make sure to subscribe so you can keep up with our show. 片語動詞

別忘了給這支影片按讚並確保訂閱，這樣你就能繼續關注我們的節目。