你在平均水準之上還是之下？：英語精讀講義

This episode is supported by Skillshare.

本集影片由 Skillshare 贊助。

Do you ever wonder how you stack up to others? 講解

你有沒有想過，自己和別人比起來如何？

For example, in North America,

比方說，在北美，

if you're a male who is taller than 5 ft 9

如果你是男性，身高超過5呎9吋，

or a woman taller than 5 ft 3,

或是身高超過5呎3吋的女性，

then you're above average.

那你就高於平均水準。

And if you weigh less than 88.3 kg

而如果男性體重低於88.3公斤，

and 74.7 kg,

女性體重低於74.7公斤，

then you're below average.

那就低於平均水準。

Worldwide, however, 表達脈絡

不過，從全球來看，

humans actually weigh 62 kg on average. 片語搭配

人類的平均體重其實是62公斤。

If you read less than 12 books a year,

如果你一年讀不到12本書，

you're below average.

那你就低於平均水準。

But avid readers likely inflate this number 講解

不過，熱衷閱讀的人很可能拉高了這個數字，

with four books per year being the most common number reported. 文法

因為最常見的回答其實是每年4本。

And if you can read faster than 300 words per minute,

如果你的閱讀速度超過每分鐘300個單字，

you're above average.

那你就高於平均水準。

Type more than 40 words per minute 文法

如果你的打字速度超過每分鐘40個單字，

and you're also faster than the majority.

你也比大多數人更快。

If you finish a bachelor's degree or higher, 文化背景

如果你取得學士或更高學位，

you're above average.

那你就高於平均水準。

But if you don't finish high school

但如果你沒有念完高中，

and you're from an industrialized nation,

而且來自工業化國家，

you're far below average

那你就遠低於平均水準，

with only about 10% not finishing.

因為只有大約10%的人沒有念完高中。

If you're a man who can bench press more than 135 lb,

如果你是男性，臥推能舉起超過135磅的重量，

you're stronger than many.

那你的力氣就比很多人強。

And if you're a woman who can run a mile in less than 7 to 10 minutes,

如果你是女性，能在7到10分鐘內跑完一英里，

you're faster than the others.

那你就比其他人更快。

If that tires you out 片語動詞

如果這讓你累壞了，

and you sleep more than 6.8 hours,

而且你睡超過6.8小時，

you're getting more than the majority.

那你的睡眠時間就比大多數人長。

And if you wake up,

而如果你起床後，

you're drinking less than three cups of coffee per day,

每天喝不到三杯咖啡，

you're below average.

那你也低於平均水準。

Still thirsty?

還渴嗎？

Most people drink three to four cups of water a day.

大多數人每天喝三到四杯水。

Too much fluid make you pee. 講解

喝太多液體會讓你想尿尿。

If you're urinating less than six times a day,

如果你每天小便不到六次，

you're below average.

那你就低於平均水準。

And if you have more than one bowel movement today, 用詞

如果你今天排便超過一次，

you're probably above average based on surveys. 片語搭配

根據調查，你可能高於平均水準。

But these are not necessarily reasons for concern. 語氣意圖

不過，這些情況不一定需要擔心。

The average person farts around 14 times a day,

一般人每天放屁約14次，

which is around 500 to 1,500 mL.

總體積大約是500到1,500毫升。

Have a family?

成家了嗎？

If you end up having more than two kids in your lifetime 片語動詞

如果你一生中有超過兩個孩子，

in most of Europe and North America,

那麼在歐洲和北美的大多數地區，

you're above average.

你都高於平均水準。

But if you have less than six children in Niger, 文法

但如果你在尼日有不到六個孩子，

you're below average.

那你就低於平均水準。

And if you're watching more than 5 hours and 4 minutes of TV each day,

如果你每天看電視超過5小時4分鐘，

that's more than most. 文法

那就比大多數人都久。

That's about the same amount of time the average person spends on their mobile device. 講解

這差不多也是一般人每天使用行動裝置的時間。

But if you're a teen and spending less than 9 hours a day on media,

但如果你是青少年，每天花在各類媒體上的時間不到9小時，

you're actually under the average. 用詞

那你其實低於平均水準。

The average person also simply touches their phone over 2,000 times a day.

一般人每天光是碰手機就超過2,000次。

Think you're smarter than the average person? 語氣意圖

覺得自己比一般人更聰明？

or better at driving?

或是開車技術更好？

How about having better health, memory, 語氣意圖

那你是否覺得自己更健康、記憶力更好，

or being a better friend than the average person?

或是比一般人更會當個好朋友呢？

Turns out the vast majority of people 講解

結果發現，絕大多數人

also think they're better than average

也認為自己高於平均水準，

in a phenomenon called illusory superiority. 文化背景

這種現象稱為「虛幻優越感」。

It's a cognitive bias where people overestimate their own abilities and qualities 文法

這是一種認知偏誤，會讓人高估自己的能力和特質。

with one study revealing 87% of students at a university surveyed 文法

一項研究顯示，在某所大學接受調查的學生中，有87%的人

rated their academic performance above the median.

認為自己的學業表現高於中位數。

Interestingly, people with lower IQs tend to overestimate their IQ, 講解

有趣的是，智商較低的人往往會高估自己的智商，

while people who actually have above average IQs 表達脈絡

而智商真的高於平均水準的人

tend to underestimate them.

反而往往會低估自己的智商。

Men are also more likely to overestimate their IQ by 5 points,

男性也比較容易把自己的智商高估5分，

while women underestimate theirs.

女性則會低估自己的智商。

Perhaps the most shocking is that in cognitive test, 表達脈絡

或許最令人震驚的是，在認知測驗中，

even the lowest scoring groups predict that they're above average,

就連得分最低的族群也預估自己高於平均水準，

showing a strong illusion,

顯示出一種強烈的錯覺。

and researchers believe it's because those worst at the test 文法

研究人員認為，這是因為測驗表現最差的人

are also worst at understanding the skills required to do it well. 文法

也最不了解做好這項測驗所需的技能。

This paper actually won a Nobel Prize in 2000. 文化背景

這篇論文其實在2000年獲得了諾貝爾獎。

In the words of Charles Bukowski, 表達脈絡

用 Charles Bukowski 的話來說：

the problem with the world is that the intelligent people 講解

這個世界的問題在於，聰明人

are full of doubts, 片語搭配

總是充滿懷疑，

while the stupid ones are full of confidence.

愚蠢的人卻充滿自信。

If you'd like to be above average, 語氣意圖

如果你也想高於平均水準，

check out Skillshare, 片語動詞

不妨去看看 Skillshare。

who has supported this video and is giving away a 2-month free trial 片語動詞

Skillshare 贊助了這支影片，還將送出兩個月的免費試用，

to the first 500 of our followers that sign up.

最先註冊的500位粉絲都能獲得。

Skillshare is an online learning community for creators

Skillshare 是專為創作者打造的線上學習社群，

with more than 15,000 classes in design, photo, and more.

提供超過15,000門設計、攝影等領域的課程。

Everyone can take a class, try a project,

每個人都能選一門課、嘗試一個專案，

and even teach a class themselves

甚至自己開課教學。

with premium membership as low as $10 a month for unlimited access. 片語搭配

進階會員方案每月最低只要10美元，就能無限學習。

Just head to the link skl.sh/asapscience

只要前往 skl.sh/asapscience，

and use the promo code asapscience to sign up 片語動詞

使用優惠碼 asapscience 註冊，

and learn even on their mobile app or while you're offline.

無論透過手機 App，還是在離線狀態下，都能繼續學習。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.

別忘了訂閱，每週四觀看更多科學影片。