你應該堅持一夫一妻制嗎？：英語精讀講義

Monogamy or being in a relationship with one person 用詞

單偶制，也就是只和一個人建立伴侶關係，

is actually very uncommon among mammals

在哺乳類動物中其實非常少見，

with only around 3% displaying monogamous bonding.

只有約3%的哺乳類動物會形成單偶伴侶關係。

So, what's the deal with humans? 慣用語

那麼，人類又是怎麼回事呢？

Is it really better to be with one person

一輩子只和一個人在一起

for your entire life?

真的會比較好嗎？

Historically, humans did not practice monogamy.

從歷史來看，人類並不實行單偶制。

The anthropological record indicates that

人類學紀錄顯示，

tens of thousands of years ago,

數萬年前，

approximately 85% of human societies

在約85%的人類社會中，

were composed of men with more than one partner. 片語搭配

男性擁有不只一位伴侶。

The reason why most of the world has shifted

世界多數地區之所以轉向

to socially imposed monogamy

由社會規範強制推行的單偶制，

is debated among scientists,

原因在科學界仍有爭議，

but a leading hypothesis is to minimize the risk 片語搭配

但一項主流假說認為，這是為了降低

of sexually transmitted infection. 用詞

性傳染病的風險。

As human societies transitioned 文法

隨著人類社會

from small hunter-gatherer societies

從小型狩獵採集社會

to larger densely populated agricultural societies,

轉變為人口稠密的大型農業社會，

models show the shift in lifestyle

模型顯示，這種生活方式的轉變

would allow STIs to proliferate, 文法

會讓性傳染病大量蔓延，

causing death and infertility.

導致死亡和不孕。

But while monogamy may have evolved to prevent STIs, 文法

不過，即便單偶制可能是為預防性傳染病而演化出來的，

what about now?

現在的情況又如何呢？

Many maintain they are in a monogamous relationship, 用詞

許多人聲稱自己維持著單偶關係，

but are actually committing infidelity. 片語搭配

實際上卻對伴侶不忠。

Estimates of cheating among married Americans

據估計，已婚美國人的外遇比例

range from 21% to 57% among men 文法

在男性中介於21%至57%，

and 11% to 35% among women.

在女性中介於11%至35%。

In fact, a study of college students

事實上，一項針對大學生的研究發現，

in exclusive relationships found that

在承諾彼此專一交往的關係中，

one in five admit to using Tinder on the side. 講解

五分之一的人承認自己背著伴侶使用 Tinder。

And those who identify as monogamous 片語搭配

而那些自認奉行單偶制的人

are less likely to practice safer sex, 講解

採取安全性行為措施的可能性較低，

including condom use and STI testing,

例如使用保險套和接受性傳染病篩檢，

as they fear introducing these practices 片語搭配

因為他們擔心把這些做法

into a relationship

帶進一段感情中

may create suspicion.

可能會引起猜疑。

However, those in consensual non-monogamous relationships 用詞

然而，處於各方同意的非單偶關係中的人

are more likely to use condoms

更有可能使用保險套，

for both vaginal and anal intercourse,

無論是陰道性交還是肛交；

be screened regularly for STIs, 片語搭配

他們也會定期接受性傳染病篩檢，

and discuss external sexual encounters with their primary partner.

並與主要伴侶討論自己在關係外的性接觸。

So, now it seems 表達脈絡

所以，現在看來，

those in consensually non-monogamous relationships

處於各方同意的非單偶關係中的人

may be at a lower risk for STIs than monogamous. 片語搭配

面臨性傳染病的風險可能比單偶關係中的人更低。

A study using 1,500 individuals

一項研究調查了1,500名

in monogamous partnerships

處於單偶伴侶關係中的受試者，

and 617 individuals

以及617名

in consensual non-monogamous relationships

處於各方同意的非單偶關係中的受試者，

found no significant differences 用詞

結果發現，兩組之間並無顯著差異，

on relationship function,

無論是在關係運作情況、

overall satisfaction, commitment,

整體滿意度、承諾程度，

and passionate love.

還是熱烈的愛情方面。

In fact, jealousy was lower and trust was higher

事實上，嫉妒感較低、信任感較高的

in individuals who were not monogamous.

反而是那些不奉行單偶制的人。

Skeptical of these results? 片語搭配

對這些結果有所懷疑嗎？

You're not alone. 語氣意圖

不只你一個人這麼想。

A study had participants read a brief description 文法

一項研究讓受試者閱讀一段

of hypothetical research results, which read,

對假想研究結果的簡短描述，內容是：

"In general, polyamorous couples

「整體而言，多元之愛關係中的伴侶

had more positive outcomes

得到的正面結果

than monogamous couples."

比單偶伴侶更多。」

Participants would rate this statement 片語搭配

受試者會認為這句話

as unfairly biased,

有失公允、帶有偏見；

whereas if the exact same statement was switched 表達脈絡

但如果把完全相同的說法改成

to favor monogamous relationships, 用詞

偏向單偶關係，

it would be rated as less biased.

他們就會認為它沒那麼偏頗。

These results help show how we're primed to think 片語搭配

這些結果顯示，我們早已受到影響，傾向認為

that monogamous relationships are more loving,

單偶關係更有愛，

committed, and satisfying,

更投入，也更令人滿足；

while consensual non-monogamous relationships

而各方同意的非單偶關係，

like swinging, polyamory, 文化背景

例如交換伴侶、多元之愛

and open relationships are often viewed negatively.

和開放式關係，則往往受到負面評價。

This doesn't mean that you and your boo 講解

但這並不表示你和另一半

should just open things up, though. 片語動詞

就應該直接開放你們的關係。

Monogamy may work great for some,

單偶制可能很適合某些人，

but not others.

卻不適合另一些人。

One study found that men and women

一項研究發現，在男性和女性中，

who wanted to engage in casual sex 片語搭配

想進行隨意性行為的人

were more likely to have

更有可能

higher levels of testosterone.

擁有較高的睪固酮濃度。

But this group may still be in the minority. 片語搭配

不過，這群人可能仍是少數。

In a self-reported study of ideal mating arrangements, 用詞

在一項讓受試者自述理想伴侶關係模式的研究中，

it was found that both men and women 文法

研究發現，無論男性還是女性，

overwhelmingly prefer strictly monogamous

絕大多數都偏好嚴格單偶的

mating arrangements

伴侶關係模式——

when asked to choose. 文法

這是他們在被要求做出選擇時的答案。

So, whether you prefer to keep your relationship 文法

所以，無論你希望自己的關係中

to one person or to multiple,

只有一位伴侶，還是有多位伴侶，

research is finding there are many ways 文法

研究都發現，要建立一段

to have a committed, satisfying, 片語搭配

彼此投入、令人滿足

and loving relationship,

且充滿愛的關係，有許多種方式；

and monogamy is not the sole gold standard. 慣用語

單偶制並不是唯一的黃金標準。

Thank you so much for watching.

非常感謝大家收看。

If you haven't seen it yet,

如果你還沒看過，

we just released another brand new video

我們剛推出另一支全新影片，

about what happens when millennials

內容是在講，當千禧世代

try to be environmentalists.

嘗試成為環保人士時，會發生什麼事。

It's a new style of video.

這是一種全新風格的影片。

We were trying to make science fun and cool,

我們想讓科學變得有趣又酷，

so make sure you watch it and share it.

所以一定要去看看，也別忘了分享。

We would really appreciate it.

我們會非常感激。

So, you can click the fancy link over there,

你可以點一下那邊那個酷炫的連結，

or we'll put a link in the description.

或者我們會把連結放在說明欄。

So, make sure you subscribe.

所以，別忘了訂閱。

There'll be a new animated video next Thursday.

下週四會推出一支全新的動畫影片。

And, yeah.

嗯，就這樣。

Peace out. 用詞

掰啦。

See you.

下次見。