文化如何影響悲傷情緒 ⏲️ 6分鐘英文：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from BBCLearningEnglish.com.

來自 BBCLearningEnglish.com 的 6 Minute English。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是 BBC 英語教學的 6 Minute English。

I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

When Helen Russell was three years old, 文法

當 Helen Russell 三歲時，

her newborn baby sister died suddenly.

她剛出生的妹妹突然去世了。

Looking back at that sad time, 片語動詞

回首那段悲傷的時光，

Helen remembers making a big decision. 片語搭配

Helen 記得她做了一個重大決定。

She wanted to be happy.

她想變得快樂。

She became a best-selling author 片語搭配

她成為了一名暢銷書作家，

and wrote a book called The Atlas of Happiness.

寫了一本名叫《The Atlas of Happiness》的書。

She got married

她結婚了，

and even moved to the famously happy city of Copenhagen in Denmark. 文化背景

甚至搬到了以幸福著稱的丹麥城市哥本哈根。

But the sadness Helen felt didn't disappear

但 Helen 感到的悲傷並沒有消失，

and the longer she lived abroad, 文法

在國外生活的時間越長，

the more she wondered whether her feelings were somehow connected to being born in England 片語搭配

她就越想知道她的感受是否與出生在英格蘭有關，

into a culture where traditionally expressing your emotions was discouraged. 文法

在一個傳統上不鼓勵表達情感的文化裡。

In this program,

在本集節目中，

we'll be investigating how the way people express sadness is influenced by their culture 文法

我們將調查人們表達悲傷的方式是如何受文化影響的，

and as usual,

像往常一樣，

we'll be learning some new useful vocabulary as well.

我們也會學習一些有用的新詞彙。

But first, I have a question for you, Neil. 表達脈絡

但首先，Neil，我有一個問題要問你。

In English,

在英語中，

there are many idioms which describe being sad,

有很多形容悲傷的慣用語，

including down in the dumps, 慣用語

包括 down in the dumps，

meaning that you feel miserable and depressed.

意思是感到悲慘和沮喪。

Also, emotions are often associated with colors. 片語搭配

此外，情感常常與顏色聯繫在一起。

For example, you might go red with anger 片語搭配

比如，你可能會氣得臉發紅（go red with anger）

or turn green with envy. 慣用語

或是嫉妒得臉發綠（turn green with envy）。

But which color is associated with sadness?

但是，哪種顏色與悲傷有關呢？

Is it A, yellow?

是 A，黃色？

B, blue?

B，藍色？

Or C, brown?

還是 C，棕色？

I think the answer is blue.

我認為答案是藍色。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

We'll find out later in the program. 片語搭配

我們稍後在節目中見分曉。

Around the world,

在世界各地，

cultures express emotions very differently. 表達脈絡

不同文化表達情感的方式非常不同。

In Spain,

在西班牙，

flamenco performers express their emotions with colorful displays of song and dance. 文化背景

佛朗明哥表演者用色彩繽紛的歌舞來表達情感。

Whereas in Japan, 表達脈絡

然而在日本，

crying is considered weak and shameful.

哭泣被認為是軟弱和可恥的。

To discover more about how British people express their feelings, 文法

為了更多地了解英國人如何表達感受，

Helen Russell interviewed Thomas Dixon,

Helen Russell 採訪了 Thomas Dixon，

a professor at the Centre for the History of Emotion

情感歷史中心的教授，

for BBC World Service program,

為 BBC 國際頻道的節目

The Documentary.

The Documentary。

The word sad,

sad 這個詞，

as you will know, Helen, 語氣意圖

如你所知，Helen，

um literally means sated or full. 用詞

嗯，字面意思是饜足的或滿的。

So its earliest uses in English,

所以它在英語中最早的用法，

it means being literally fed up,

字面意思是吃得太飽（fed up），

being full of something.

充滿了某物。

Sad or sated means heavy and full.

sad 或 sated 意味著沉重和飽足。

Then of course,

然後當然，

we have this huge vocabulary of melancholy, 用詞

我們有大量關於 melancholy（憂鬱）、

sorrow, grief, depression,

sorrow（悲傷）、grief（悲痛）、depression（憂鬱）的詞彙，

uh and many many other terms

呃，還有許多其他術語，

and they all mean slightly different things.

它們的意思都略有不同。

Professor Dixon explains that the original meaning of the word sad was full or fed up,

Dixon 教授解釋說 sad 這個詞的本意是滿的或 fed up，

a phrase which today means being unhappy,

這個短語現在意味著不高興的，

bored, or tired of something

煩悶的，或對某事感到厭倦的，

which has been going on for a long time. 片語動詞

尤其是這種狀態持續了很長時間。

For example,

例如，

everyone is fed up of COVID. 慣用語

大家都對新冠疫情感到厭倦（fed up）。

But fed up is just one of many words to describe feelings of sadness,

但 fed up 只是描述悲傷情緒的眾多詞彙之一，

each with a slightly different meaning.

每一個都有略微不同的含義。

One of them is melancholy, 用詞

其中一個是 melancholy，

a kind of intense and thoughtful sadness.

一種強烈而深沉的悲傷。

Another is grief, 用詞

另一個是 grief，

a strong sadness,

一種強烈的悲傷，

often caused by the death of someone you love.

通常由所愛之人的死亡引起。

In Irish culture,

在愛爾蘭文化中，

melancholy is expressed artistically in poems or songs 文化背景

melancholy（憂鬱）透過詩歌或歌曲被藝術化地表達出來，

and in other cultures,

而在其他文化中，

India for example,

比如印度，

grief can be expressed by professional mourners 文化背景

grief（悲痛）可以由職業的哀悼者來表達，

who are paid to cry by the family of the person who has died.

他們被死者家屬僱傭來哭泣。

In England, however,

然而，在英格蘭，

big public displays of emotion are uncommon. 片語搭配

大規模公開表達情感是不常見的。

But according to Professor Dixon,

但根據 Dixon 教授的說法，

that wasn't always the case. 片語搭配

情況並非總是如此。

Here he explains to BBC World Service program,

在這裡，他向 BBC 國際頻道的節目

The Documentary,

The Documentary 解釋，

how it was only quite recently, 文法

直到最近，

during the time of Queen Victoria and the British Empire,

在維多利亞女王和日不落帝國時期，

that the English got a reputation for being repressed, 片語搭配

英國人才有了受壓抑（repressed）的名聲，

unable to show their true feelings and emotions.

無法展示他們真實的感受和情感。

By and large, 片語搭配

總的來說，

it's a Victorian and then Edwardian and 20th century characterization.

這是維多利亞時代，接著是愛德華時代和 20 世紀的特徵。

As you can imagine, 語氣意圖

就像你可以想像的那樣，

you know, it fits with the era of empire, 片語搭配

你知道，這與帝國時代相符，

of white British men going around the world and conquering it

白人英國男性走遍世界並征服它，

and having a stiff upper lip

保持著咬緊牙關（stiff upper lip）的堅忍，

and ruling over the people 片語動詞

並統治著

um in other parts of the world

嗯，世界其他地方的人民，

and believing themselves, 文法

相信他們自己，

the white Europeans, to be superior.

歐洲白人，是優越的。

And one sign of that superiority, 表達脈絡

這種優越感的一個標誌，

and Darwin writes,

正如達爾文所寫，

"Englishmen rarely cry

‘英國男人極少哭泣，

except under the pressure of the acutest grief." 片語搭配

除非承受著最劇烈的悲痛。’

Professor Dixon says that the Victorians who ran the British Empire

Dixon 教授說，管理大英帝國的維多利亞時代的人

had a stiff upper lip.

保持著僵硬的上唇（stiff upper lip）。

These men believed they were better than everyone else

這些男人認為他們比其他任何人都好，

and that to cry was a sign of weakness.

認為哭泣是軟弱的標誌。

When we cry,

當我們哭泣時，

our top lip starts to wobble

我們的上唇開始顫抖，

and so this gave rise to the idiom a stiff upper lip, 講解

所以這產生了慣用語 a stiff upper lip，

meaning to not show your feelings when you're upset,

意思是在難過時不表露感情，

even though it's difficult not to. 文法

即使這很難做到。

Fortunately,

幸運的是，

most Brits are less repressed nowadays, 用詞

如今大多數英國人不再那麼壓抑了，

but it's still hard for some people, 文法

但對一些人來說仍然很困難，

especially men,

尤其是男人，

to express their feelings.

去表達他們的感受。

Sometimes drinking alcohol gives people the courage to say what they're feeling, 片語搭配

有時候喝酒會給人勇氣說出他們的感受，

but this is not so healthy and can even increase feelings of depression.

但這不太健康，甚至會增加憂鬱的感覺。

It's talking to someone about your feelings that can really help 文法

找人傾訴你的感受能帶來真正的幫助，

and keep away the blues. 慣用語

並遠離憂鬱（keep away the blues）。

And in saying that, 表達脈絡

既然這麼說，

I think I've answered your question, Sam.

我想我已經回答了你的問題，Sam。

I asked Neil which color is often associated with feeling sad.

我問 Neil 哪種顏色通常與感到悲傷有關。

And I said it was blue.

我說是藍色。

Which was, of course,

這當然，

the correct answer.

是正確答案。

And it gives us another idiom about sadness,

這給了我們另一個關於悲傷的慣用語，

feeling blue. 慣用語

feeling blue（感到憂鬱）。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this program 表達脈絡

好了，讓我們回顧一下從本集節目中學到的詞彙，

about the emotion of sadness

關於悲傷的情感，

or, in other words, 表達脈絡

或者換句話說，

feeling down in the dumps.

感到 down in the dumps。

If you are fed up of something,

如果你對某事感到 fed up，

you're unhappy, bored, or tired of it,

說明你對它感到不悅、厭煩或疲倦，

especially if it's been happening a long time.

尤其是當它已經發生了很長時間。

Melancholy is a type of intense and thoughtful sadness,

Melancholy 是一種強烈且引人深思的悲傷，

while grief is a strong sadness,

而 grief 則是一種強烈的悲痛，

usually caused by someone's death.

通常由某人的死亡引起。

The adjective repressed means unable to show your true feelings and emotions.

形容詞 repressed 的意思是無法表現出你真實的感受和情緒。

And finally,

最後，

the uniquely British idiom

這個獨特的英國慣用語

to keep a stiff upper lip

to keep a stiff upper lip

means not to show your feelings when you're upset,

意思是在你心煩意亂時不表現出你的感受，

even though it is difficult not to.

即使忍住很難。

Hiding your feelings definitely won't make you happy, 文法

隱藏你的感受絕對不會讓你快樂，

but making friends and learning something new might.

但交朋友和學習新事物可能會。

So remember to join us again soon

所以記得很快再次加入我們，

here at 6 Minute English.

在這裡的 6 Minute English。

Bye for now.

暫時再見。

Goodbye.

再見。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。