美國實施戒嚴到底會是什麼樣？：英語精讀講義

It's finally happened.

終於還是發生了。

A less than ethical bio research company 用詞

一家不太講道德的生物研究公司

accidentally released the T-virus.

意外洩漏了T病毒。

It all started with a cough,

一切都從咳嗽開始，

some difficulty breathing

接著是呼吸困難，

and pretty soon tyrants, zombie dogs

沒多久，暴君、殭屍犬

and those gross guys with the long tongues

還有那些伸著長舌頭的噁心傢伙

started running rampant. 慣用語

就開始四處橫行。

Now there's only one way

現在只有一個辦法

to enforce the quarantine that will save America.

能執行那項拯救美國的隔離措施。

Forget social distancing, 表達脈絡

別再管什麼保持社交距離了，

it's time for martial law.

該實施戒嚴了。

Martial law has been declared numerous times

戒嚴曾多次實施，

throughout US history,

這樣的情況貫穿美國歷史，

from the Revolutionary War

從獨立戰爭時期

to the 1960s Civil Rights Movement.

到1960年代的民權運動時期。

But what is martial law exactly? 表達脈絡

但戒嚴究竟是什麼？

And what would it look like in modern life?

放到現代生活中，又會是什麼樣子？

Martial law is typically declared

戒嚴通常會在

in times of national emergency,

國家進入緊急狀態時宣布，

though what exactly constitutes an emergency 用詞

不過究竟什麼情況才算緊急狀態，

varies from nation to nation. 片語搭配

各國的標準並不相同。

Once martial law is declared,

一旦宣布戒嚴，

most civil rights are temporarily suspended

大多數公民權利都會暫時中止，

and the US military assumes control 片語搭配

美國軍方將接管

of all law enforcement duties,

所有執法職責，

although existing law enforcement is still active

不過現有執法機關仍會繼續運作，

and aids in establishing martial law.

並協助實施戒嚴。

Because martial law pretty much suspends democracy 用詞

因為戒嚴基本上會中止民主制度，

as we know it in the United States, 片語搭配

也就是我們所熟悉的美國民主制度，

it has been sparingly used 用詞

所以美國很少使用戒嚴，

and even when it has,

即使真的實施，

it's been a very limited scope.

範圍也一直非常有限。

If there's one thing country music has taught us, 文法

如果說鄉村音樂教會了我們一件事，

it's that Americans love their freedom

那就是美國人熱愛自由，

and they don't take kindly 片語搭配

而且他們絕不會容忍

to the government infringing on it. 片語搭配

政府侵犯自己的自由。

Thus martial law is only declared in the US

因此，在美國，戒嚴只會在

for the most extreme circumstances,

最極端的情況下宣布，

for times when the military is needed

也就是需要軍方介入

to help maintain law and order. 片語搭配

協助維持法律與秩序的時候。

Recent incidents of martial law include its enactment

較近期的戒嚴案例包括

after the attack on Pearl Harbor, 文化背景

珍珠港遇襲後的那一次，

but even then it was only declared in Hawaii

但即使當時，也只在夏威夷宣布戒嚴，

and only because an imminent invasion was feared.

而且只是因為擔心入侵迫在眉睫。

In the US,

在美國，

only the president has the power

只有總統有權

to enact martial law nationally.

在全國實施戒嚴。

Each state governor has the right

每位州長都有權

to enact martial law in their own state individually

單獨在自己的州實施戒嚴，

and enforce it with the aid of federal troops 片語搭配

並藉助聯邦軍隊

as well as the National Guard.

以及國民兵來執行。

Controversially though,

不過備受爭議的是，

in 2007,

2007年，

President George W. Bush's administration

喬治·W·布希總統的政府

added a provision into a military funding bill

在一項軍事撥款法案中加入條款，

that allowed the president to take command 片語搭配

允許總統接管

of the National Guard units of each state

各州的國民兵，

without the governor's consent. 用詞

不須州長同意。

Let's say your city ends up on the T-virus menu. 慣用語

假設你的城市上了T病毒的菜單。

One day you're working your four full-time jobs

某天，你一邊打著四份全職工，

while also attending college and still not making rent 用詞

一邊上大學，卻還是付不起房租，

and suddenly people start turning into zombies

突然，人們開始變成殭屍，

and the lickers all around you.

四周還到處都是舔食者。

The state governor gets on TV

州長上了電視，

and announces he's enacting martial law

宣布實施戒嚴，

to enforce a mandatory quarantine.

以強制執行隔離令。

The first thing you'll notice about your new life 文法

進入新生活後，你最先注意到的

is that you've got a curfew again,

就是你又得遵守宵禁了，

only this one is much more restrictive

只不過這次限制嚴格得多，

and better enforced than the one

執行起來也比

your parents set up while you were in high school. 片語動詞

你高中時父母訂的門禁嚴得多。

You're not allowed to be out of your house

你不得離開家門，

from 8:00 p.m. to 9:00 a.m. every single day.

每天晚上8點到隔天上午9點都是如此。

The curfew is meant to control the flow of people 文法

宵禁是為了控制人員流動，

and it makes it easier for law enforcement 文法

也讓執法人員更容易

to spot bad actors. 用詞

發現圖謀不軌的人。

During wartime,

在戰爭期間，

if you were violating curfew at 2:00 in the morning, 片語搭配

如果你凌晨2點還違反宵禁外出，

there's a good chance you were an enemy saboteur. 片語搭配

那你很可能就是敵方的破壞分子。

Curfews during a viral pandemic though

不過在病毒大流行期間實施宵禁，

can also help limit the spread of the disease

也有助於限制疾病傳播，

and if the outbreak is severe enough, 文法

如果疫情嚴重到一定程度，

you might not be allowed out of your home at all

你甚至可能完全不能離開家門，

except on specific days for specific times.

只能在特定日期的特定時段外出。

A highly restricted curfew could,

限制極嚴的宵禁可能會規定，

for instance,

比方說，

only allow you to leave your home

只允許你離開家門，

for three hours every third day. 用詞

而且每三天一次，每次三小時。

Each part of a city could have a different curfew

城市的每個區域都可能有不同的宵禁時段，

and thus the spread of the virus

這樣一來，病毒的傳播

would be highly limited

就會受到極大限制，

as only one part of the city

因為任何時候都只有一個城區的居民

would be away from home at any given time. 片語搭配

會離開家門。

In most nations,

在大多數國家，

martial law automatically suspends all of your civil rights

戒嚴會自動中止你的所有公民權利，

and gives the military complete police and judicial power.

並賦予軍方完整的警察權與司法權。

In the United States though,

不過在美國，

Supreme Court decisions have worked to limit 片語搭配

最高法院的判決一直在限制

the scope of martial law

戒嚴的適用範圍，

and even if martial law is declared,

即使已經宣布戒嚴，

citizens still have a right to a civil trial. 片語搭配

公民仍有權接受一般法院審判。

The arresting authority of military or law enforcement

軍方或執法機關的逮捕權

during martial law,

在戒嚴期間

however,

卻

is not restricted,

不受限制，

meaning that you could be arrested 用詞

這表示你可能會被捕，

and not immediately charged.

卻不會立刻受到指控。

That certainly throws the door open 慣用語

這無疑會為

to some very scary scenarios

一些非常可怕的情況敞開大門：

with police and military arresting individuals

警察和軍方可以

as they see fit 片語搭配

隨意逮捕個人，

and is one of the big reasons

而這也是

why martial law is so rarely declared.

戒嚴極少被宣布的一大原因。

If a catastrophe is serious enough 文法

如果災難夠嚴重，

or lasts long enough

或者持續得夠久，

and martial law is necessary

以至於有必要

for an extended amount of time

長期實施戒嚴，

along with the curfew,

同時還有宵禁，

you may need to carry

你可能就需要隨身攜帶

specially assigned movement and travel documents.

特別核發的通行與旅行證件。

These will be given to you by the authorities

這些證件會由當局發給你，

after carefully interrogating your personal life

但他們會先仔細盤問你的個人情況

and your needs,

和實際需求，

as in what you do for a living 片語搭配

例如你靠什麼維生，

and what type of non-home medical

以及你需要哪一類非居家醫療

or specialized care you need.

或專業照護。

Then the authorities would hand you your documents

之後，當局會把證件交給你，

which authorize you to either be in violation of curfew 片語搭配

授權你在宵禁時段外出，

or travel outside of established control zones

或前往既定管制區之外，

so that you can do things like go to work

這樣你就可以去上班，

or get a physical therapist appointment.

或依預約接受物理治療。

These documents will typically be very specific

這類證件通常會非常具體地註明

about where you're allowed to go and when,

你獲准在何時前往何地，

helping the authorities to determine

方便當局判斷

if you're in violation of curfew

你是否違反宵禁

or travel restrictions.

或旅行限制。

During World War II,

第二次世界大戰期間，

many Nazi-occupied countries found themselves 講解

許多遭納粹占領的國家

dealing with German-backed curfews

都得面對德國強制推行的宵禁

and travel restrictions,

和旅行限制，

necessitating special transit or travel documents. 表達脈絡

因而必須使用特殊通行證或旅行證件。

If martial law is declared nationally,

如果全國宣布戒嚴，

you'll need those documents to leave your home city

你必須憑這些證件離開所在城市，

and travel anywhere else

前往其他任何地方，

and any foreign travel will have to be approved in advance. 片語搭配

任何出國行程也必須事先獲准。

To enforce travel and movement restrictions,

為了執行旅行與人員流動限制，

security checkpoints will be placed throughout your city

你所在城市的各處將設置安全檢查站，

in strategic areas.

位置都在戰略要地。

If the emergency is bad enough

如果緊急情況嚴重到

that segregation of the population

必須將人群分隔開來，

and tight movement control is necessary,

並嚴格控制人員流動，

you could even see entire streets closed off 片語動詞

你甚至可能看到整條街道被封閉，

and neighborhoods get barricaded. 文法

各個社區也被路障封鎖。

This will be done in order to ensure 文法

這麼做是為了確保

that there are only a select amount

城市中只有少數幾條

of avenues of travel through a city,

可供通行的路線，

which can be all overwatched

而所有路線都能受到

by a series of security checkpoints.

一連串安全檢查站的監控。

In the United States,

在美國，

elections are protected by the Constitution

選舉受到《憲法》保障，

and thus martial law cannot stop

因此，戒嚴不能阻止

or impede an election from happening.

或妨礙選舉舉行。

During the Civil War,

南北戰爭期間，

despite martial law having been established, 文法

儘管當時已經實施戒嚴，

there were still two major elections.

仍然舉行了兩次重要選舉。

Having strict travel restrictions though,

不過，嚴格的旅行限制

could certainly impede the democratic process. 片語搭配

的確可能妨礙民主進程。

Want to learn about some of the craziest laws

想了解一些最離譜的法律嗎——

you might break during martial law?

那些你在戒嚴期間可能觸犯的法律？

Check out our video Crazy Laws

快看看我們的影片《瘋狂法律》，

that still exist around the world.

這些法律至今仍存在於世界各地。

Or perhaps you'd prefer this other video instead.

或者，你也許更想看旁邊這部影片。

Either way,

不管選哪個，

click one now.

現在就點一個吧。

At least you can still watch 語氣意圖

至少在戒嚴期間，你還能觀看

your favorite YouTube channel during martial law.

自己最喜歡的YouTube頻道。