如果你逃避兵役會發生什麼事？：英語精讀講義

It's a cold December night in 1957

1957年一個寒冷的12月夜晚，

and a young man receives a military draft notice calling him to serve in the United States Army. 用詞

一名年輕人收到了一份徵兵通知，要求他到美國陸軍服役。

At 22 years old,

22歲的他，

he has a promising future ahead of him and at such a young age, he's already successful.

擁有著光明的前途，年紀輕輕就已經功成名就。

But he knows that his career will have to be put to the side 片語動詞

但他知道，他的事業將不得不擱置一邊，

as this draft notice is not a request to serve but an order. 文法

因為這份徵兵通知不是請求，而是一項命令。

It may be hard to imagine

也許很難想像，

but this young man was none other than Elvis Presley 片語搭配

但這個年輕人正是艾維斯·普里斯萊（貓王），

who served in the US Army for nearly three years before being honorably discharged 用詞

他在美國陸軍服役了將近三年，隨後光榮退伍，

and continuing one of the most famous music careers in history.

並繼續書寫歷史上最著名的音樂生涯之一。

But what would have happened if Elvis stood up to the US Army in 1957 講解

但如果艾維斯在1957年反抗美國陸軍，

and threw away his draft notice to continue his music career?

扔掉徵兵通知繼續他的音樂事業，會發生什麼呢？

What if you received a draft notice today

如果你今天收到了一份徵兵通知，

and didn't answer the call to duty? 慣用語

卻拒不回應使命的召喚，又會怎樣？

In this episode of The Infographics Show,

在本期《The Infographics Show》中，

we explore the question,

我們將探討這個問題：

what happens if you dodge the draft? 用詞

如果你逃避兵役會怎樣？

Let's travel back to the 1950s 表達脈絡

讓我們回到20世紀50年代，

when the draft was still being implemented

當時仍在實行徵兵制，

and millions of men like the King of Rock were subject to being called up 文法

數以百萬計像「搖滾之王」這樣的男性都有可能被徵召入伍。

following a few short years of peace after the end of World War II,

在二戰結束經歷短短幾年的和平之後，

the US found itself embroiled in another international conflict 片語搭配

美國發現自己捲入了另一場國際衝突，

commonly referred to as the Korean War.

通常被稱為韓戰。

While a passive military draft was in effect, 片語搭配

在實行被動徵兵制的同時，

the United States government was on edge 慣用語

美國政府也處於緊張狀態，

as international threats felt closer to home thanks to nuclear weapons. 慣用語

因為核武器的存在讓國際威脅感覺近在咫尺。

This is one reason why the United States government felt it necessary

這也是美國政府覺得有必要

to ramp up their efforts in increasing the size of the military. 片語動詞

加大力度擴充軍隊規模的原因之一。

It's no surprise then 表達脈絡

因此毫不奇怪，

that Congress passed the Universal Military Training and Service Act in 1951,

國會在1951年通過了《普遍軍事訓練與服役法》，

which required all men aged 18 to 26 to register for the draft. 用詞

要求所有18至26歲的男性進行兵役登記。

For men that didn't even want to serve in the military in the first place, 片語搭配

對於那些原本就不想在軍隊服役的男性來說，

being pulled away against their will was incredibly terrifying. 片語搭配

違背意願被強行帶走是極其可怕的。

Can you imagine leaving home and halting your life at the demand of the US government? 文法

你能想像在美國政府的要求下離開家鄉、讓生活停滯嗎？

Even someone as famous as Elvis Presley,

即使是像艾維斯·普里斯萊這樣出名的人，

despite passionate protests from his fans, 文法

儘管他的粉絲們進行了激烈的抗議，

could not escape this requirement.

也無法逃避這一要求。

As a result,

因此，

according to the US Justice Department,

根據美國司法部的數據，

over 80,000 men attempted to dodge the draft

有超過8萬名男性試圖逃避兵役，

from 1950 to 1953 during the Korean War.

時間是在1950年至1953年韓戰期間。

But it wasn't until the Vietnam War in the '60s 文法

但直到60年代的越戰，

that dodging the draft became well documented and increasingly punished.

逃避兵役才被詳細記錄並受到越來越嚴厲的懲罰。

According to global researchers,

據全球研究人員稱，

over 570,000 men were classified as draft offenders

超過57萬名男性被歸類為兵役違紀者，

by the US Justice Department during the 1960s

這是由美國司法部在20世紀60年代統計的，

when the Vietnam War became increasingly unpopular.

當時越戰變得越來越不受歡迎。

To put that number into perspective, 表達脈絡

為了更直觀地理解這個數字，

that's basically the entire population of Wyoming.

這基本上相當於懷俄明州的全部人口。

It's important to keep in mind, though, 片語搭配

不過，需要記住一點，

that of those 570,000 men,

在這57萬名男性中，

only 210,000 were formally accused of dodging the draft 用詞

只有21萬人被正式指控逃避兵役，

and of those 210,000,

而在這些被指控的21萬人中，

only 3,250 men were jailed.

只有3250人被送進監獄。

That means that less than 2% of accused draft dodgers

這意味著根據這些統計數據，只有不到2%的被控逃避兵役者

were significantly punished according to these statistics.

受到了重大懲罰。

That seems like an awfully low percentage

這個比例似乎低得離譜，

when you consider that dodging the draft is classified as a felony crime. 講解

尤其是考慮到逃避兵役被定性為重罪。

In fact,

事實上，

you'd have better odds of being asked to come on down on The Price Is Right. 文化背景

你被邀請去參加《The Price Is Right》節目的機率甚至還要大些。

So why does it seem like the consequences of dodging the draft are so low?

那麼，為什麼逃避兵役的後果看起來如此之輕呢？

It turns out that there are many creative ways to dodge the draft 表達脈絡

事實證明，逃避兵役有許多有創意的方法，

and avoid doing the time for the crime. 慣用語

不僅能逃避兵役，還能免於牢獄之災。

According to researchers,

據研究人員稱，

some of those men drafted to serve the US military in the Vietnam War

在越戰期間被徵召到美軍服役的一些男性，

avoided service through a number of outrageous but perfectly legal means,

透過許多離譜但完全合法的手段逃避了服役，

including emigrating to Canada,

包括移民到加拿大，

purposefully failing their physicals, 用詞

故意讓自己體檢不合格，

and even becoming missionaries.

甚至去當傳教士。

In fact,

事實上，

in what was possibly a regrettable interview for the Free Press,

在一次可能令他後悔的《自由新聞》採訪中，

American singer Ted Nugent allegedly admitted that he stopped all personal hygiene

美國歌手泰德·紐金特據稱承認他停止了所有的個人衛生習慣，

and made sure to urinate and defecate on himself before his physical

並確保在體檢前在自己身上大小便，

just to avoid serving in the Vietnam War. 文法

只是為了避免在越戰中服役。

Can you imagine being the physician that had to examine him?

你能想像負責檢查他的醫生是什麼感受嗎？

Perhaps unsurprising,

也許並不意外，

his stunt allegedly worked.

他的把戲據說奏效了。

According to Nugent in this interview,

根據紐金特在這次採訪中的說法，

he was successfully able to defer his service. 用詞

他成功地推遲了服役。

While he probably made a physician second-guess their career choices, 用詞

雖然他可能讓那位醫生對自己的職業選擇產生了懷疑，

perhaps it was for the best that Nugent didn't serve in the Vietnam War 片語搭配

但也許紐金特沒有在越戰中服役是件好事，

as he's reported to have said, 文法

因為據報導他曾說過，

"The men who went should be applauded

「那些去參軍的人應該受到讚賞，

but if I would have gone over there, 文法

但如果我去了那裡，

I'd have been killed or I'd have killed all the hippies in the foxholes.

我可能會被殺，或者我會在散兵坑裡殺光所有的嬉皮士。

I would have killed everybody."

我會把所有人都殺了。」

It is worth noting that the facts behind the story are extremely controversial 片語搭配

值得注意的是，這個故事背後的真相存在極大的爭議，

but if true, 文法

但如果是真的，

this would definitely make for one of the most interesting draft dodging stories in US history.

這絕對算得上是美國歷史上最有趣的逃避兵役故事之一。

Like Ted Nugent's story,

就像泰德·紐金特的故事一樣，

we'll never truly know the full extent to which men dodged the draft 片語搭配

我們永遠無法真正了解男性逃避兵役的全部程度，

but needless to say, 表達脈絡

但不用說，

men were highly motivated to do just about anything

當時的男性有極大的動力去做任何事情，

to avoid serving in the military or serving time in jail.

以避免在軍隊服役或在監獄服刑。

Flash forward to present day, 表達脈絡

快轉到今天，

some may be surprised to note that while the draft does not exist in the United States today,

有些人可能會驚訝地發現，雖然今天美國並沒有徵兵制，

young men are still required to register

但年輕男性仍然被要求進行登記，

as if one existed or could exist in the future. 文法

就好像現在存在徵兵制或未來可能會存在一樣。

Men between the ages of 18 and 25

18至25歲的男性，

are still required to register into what's called the Selective Service System, 文化背景

仍然被要求在一個叫做『兵役登記系統』中註冊，

which is essentially a backup plan in case a draft needs to take place 文法

這本質上是一個備用計劃，以防需要進行徵兵，

and not registering can have some pretty big consequences,

而不登記可能會帶來相當嚴重的後果，

including lack of access to federal loans,

包括無法獲得聯邦貸款，

not being able to apply for government jobs,

無法申請政府工作，

and in some states,

在某些州，

they even forbid you from getting a driver's license. 文法

他們甚至會禁止你考取駕照。

The reality today is that dodging the draft is not the issue 文法

今天的現實是，逃避兵役不是問題，

but dodging the registration for the draft is

但逃避兵役登記是個問題，

and it's a harsh reality that many young men are living with.

這是許多年輕男性面臨的殘酷現實。

One young man in particular,

特別是有一位年輕男子，

Daniel Deffell Davis,

丹尼爾·德菲爾·戴維斯，

found himself in a situation where he did not register for the Selective Service 片語搭配

他發現自己陷入了在18至25歲之間

between the ages of 18 and 25.

沒有在兵役登記系統中註冊的困境。

He was in various foster homes and prisons when he was younger

他年輕時待過多個寄養家庭和監獄，

and didn't even know that he had to register for the Selective Service 文法

甚至不知道自己必須進行兵役登記，

until he came face-to-face with an opportunity to turn his life around. 慣用語

直到他面前出現了一個可以扭轉人生的機會。

Tragically,

可悲的是，

when he finally had the opportunity to go to college,

當他終於有機會上大學時，

he found that he was unable to

他發現自己無法如願，

because he could not apply for a federal student loan

因為他不能申請聯邦學生貸款，

due to his lack of registration into the Selective Service. 片語搭配

原因正是他沒有在兵役登記系統中註冊。

He said,

他說，

"Quote, as far as the Selective Service goes, 語氣意圖

「原話是，就兵役登記而言，

I don't feel as though I should be punished. 語氣意圖

我不覺得我應該受到懲罰。

I'm someone trying to rehabilitate myself and go to school." 用詞

我是一個試圖自我改造、想要去上學的人。」

Davis is currently trying to build a legal case 片語搭配

戴維斯目前正試圖發起法律訴訟，

but it's quite clear that not registering for the Selective Service

但很顯然，沒有在兵役登記系統中註冊

has already taken a toll on his life. 慣用語

已經給他的生活帶來了沉重的打擊。

We imagine that some of our fans may be double-checking their Selective Service registrations right now.

我們猜想現在我們的一些粉絲可能正在反覆確認他們的兵役登記情況。

Beyond punishing young men for not registering

除了懲罰那些沒有登記

into a military draft system that does not actually exist,

加入一個實際上並不存在的軍事徵兵系統的年輕男性之外，

there is significant controversy surrounding

圍繞著另一個問題也存在重大爭議，

if women should have to register into the Selective Service System.

那就是女性是否應該在兵役登記系統中註冊。

As recent as February 2019,

就在2019年2月，

a federal judge ruled that banning women 用詞

一名聯邦法官裁定，禁止女性

from Selective Service registration is unconstitutional.

進行兵役登記是違憲的。

This is not a new thought,

不過，這並不是一個新想法，

though,

因為就連艾森豪總統在1948年

as even President Eisenhower was quoted in 1948

談到女性徵兵問題時也曾被引述道：「我堅信，在下一場戰爭中，

on the issue of women being drafted saying, "I am convinced that in another war, 語氣意圖

她們必須像男人一樣被徵召。

they have got to be drafted just like men. 文法

我對此深信不疑。」

I'm convinced of that."

在我們有生之年，我們會看到年輕女性

Will we see young women have to register for the Selective Service

像男性一樣必須進行兵役登記嗎？

just like the men in our lifetime

還是說非自願兵役制會因為其

or could involuntary military service be abandoned altogether

對像丹尼爾·德菲尔·戴維斯這樣的人產生的負面影響而被徹底廢除？

because of the negative impact it has on people like Daniel Deffell Davis? 片語搭配

這些可能是很快就必須回答的問題，

These are questions that may have to be answered soon 表達脈絡

因為全球政治局勢似乎變得越來越緊張。

as global politics seemingly become more tense.

請在評論區告訴我們你對徵兵的看法。

Let us know in the comments what you think about the draft.

為了逃避兵役，你會怎麼做？

What would you do to dodge the draft?

感謝觀看，

Thanks for watching

像往常一樣，

and as always,

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

我們下次見。/n”/n”]},{

See you next time.

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