最恐怖的寄生蟲！：英語精讀講義

Parasites have a nasty reputation,

寄生蟲的名聲向來很糟，

but is it really fair to fear these little guys?

但害怕這些小傢伙真的公平嗎？

Well, yes.

嗯，是的。

And if you don't think so,

如果你不這麼認為，

here's why these terrifying creatures are worth avoiding at all costs. 講解

接下來就告訴你，為什麼這些可怕的生物無論如何都得避開。

As if you need another reason to hate mosquitoes, 語氣意圖

如果你還需要另一個討厭蚊子的理由，

when they bite humans,

當牠們叮人時，

they can leave the larvae of the parasitic filarial worm.

可能會把寄生性絲蟲的幼蟲留在人體內。

These worms live and grow in our bodies,

這些蟲會在我們體內生活和成長，

sometimes taking years to mature into full adults, 文法

有時要花上好幾年才會長成成蟲，

leaving only inconspicuous rashes and sores.

這段期間只會留下不顯眼的紅疹和瘡口。

Years later, they work together to block the vessels of your lymphatic system,

多年後，牠們會合力堵住淋巴系統中的管道，

creating a buildup of fluid and leading to diseases like elephantiasis. 講解

造成液體堆積，並引發象皮病等疾病。

This is one of the leading causes of disability in the world. 片語搭配

這也是全球造成失能的主要原因之一。

Another worm worth hating is the pinworm.

另一種值得討厭的蟲是蟯蟲。

Pinworm eggs are often eaten because of contaminated or dirty hands.

人們常因雙手受到污染或沒有洗淨而誤食蟯蟲卵。

The eggs hatch and mature in your gut,

蟲卵會在腸道中孵化並成熟，

at which point the adult female exits the anus 表達脈絡

這時，成年的雌蟲會爬出肛門，

to lay a new batch of eggs on the surrounding skin.

在周圍的皮膚上產下新一批蟲卵。

Your butthole becomes a nest.

你的屁眼就這樣變成了蟲巢。

This causes intense itching,

這會引起劇烈搔癢，

often leading to recontaminated hands or fingernails,

常常會讓雙手或指甲再次受到污染，

which can end up in your mouth again, 片語動詞

然後，你又可能把手或指甲放進嘴裡，

restarting the cycle.

讓這個循環重新開始。

Feel like scratching your bum? 文法

想抓屁股了嗎？

Do yourself a favor and wash those hands and fingernails. 語氣意圖

幫自己一個忙，把手和指甲好好洗乾淨。

On the other side of the body live the lovely pubic lice, 文法

身體另一端則住著「可愛的」陰蝨，

sometimes called crabs, 用詞

有時也叫「蟹蝨」，

though it's not uncommon to find these buggers in your eyebrows, 講解

不過，在眉毛裡發現這些討厭鬼也不算少見，

beard, or even eyelashes.

在鬍鬚裡，甚至睫毛上也可能有。

The itching is from an allergic reaction to their saliva, 片語搭配

搔癢是對牠們唾液的過敏反應，

and it will take treatment with medication

要擺脫牠們，得靠藥物治療，

or shaving it all off to get rid of them. 片語動詞

或把毛全部剃掉。

Of course,

當然，

abstinence or no sex works well as a preventative measure, 講解

禁慾或不發生性行為是很有效的預防方式，

along with not sharing your undies with other people. 用詞

不和別人共用內褲也一樣。

Some parasites are meant for marine animals,

有些寄生蟲原本以海洋動物為宿主，

but end up in humans out of the goodness of our gut. 慣用語

卻因為我們的腸道「太好客」，最後誤入人體。

The Anisakis nematode infects humans 文化背景

異尖線蟲會感染人類，

after eating raw or undercooked fish,

通常是因為人們吃了生的或沒煮熟的魚，

like sushi,

例如壽司，

which contains the larvae.

其中含有這種幼蟲。

The worms penetrate our gut wall and cause abdominal pain,

這些蟲會鑽入腸壁，造成腹痛、

nausea, and even vomiting.

噁心，甚至嘔吐。

But nobody really wins this one, 慣用語

不過這場遭遇其實沒有贏家，

as the nematode can't mature in a human gut and eventually dies.

因為線蟲無法在人體腸道中成熟，最後也會死去。

The tongue biter is another marine parasite.

食舌蝨是另一種海洋寄生蟲。

This tongue-eating louse finds a suitable fish and chews off its tongue,

這種食舌蝨會找到合適的魚，啃掉牠的舌頭，

only to cling on to the stub in its place. 講解

接著附著在剩餘的舌根上，取而代之。

Here they stay feeding on the fish's blood, 片語動詞

牠們就待在那裡吸食魚血，

all the while mating and dispersing their progeny into the ocean. 講解

同時交配，並把後代散播到海中。

And finally, the wonderful cordyceps,

最後登場的是神奇的蟲草菌，

which are fungi known for creating zombie ants. 片語搭配

這種真菌因能製造「殭屍螞蟻」而聞名。

The fungus takes over the ant's body and mind, 片語動詞

真菌會控制螞蟻的身體和意識，

making it leave the colony and begin climbing upwards 文法

迫使牠離開蟻群，不斷往高處爬，

to a more ideal temperature and humidity.

前往溫度和濕度更理想的地方。

The ant then bites onto a stem or leaf

接著，螞蟻會咬住一根莖或一片葉子，

and gets locked into position until it dies, 文法

身體就此固定，直到死亡，

at which point the fungus bursts through the ant's head

此時，真菌會破開螞蟻的頭部鑽出來，

and spreads outward.

並向外擴散。

Could such a parasite ever affect humans?

這種寄生生物有朝一日會不會也影響人類？

For everyone's sake, 慣用語

為了大家著想，

we hope not. 文法

我們希望不會。

Our friends at James Cook University

詹姆士庫克大學的朋友們

helped us put this horrifying list of parasites together 片語動詞

幫我們整理出這份令人毛骨悚然的寄生蟲清單，

with special help from parasitologist Dr. Kate Hutson.

寄生蟲學家 Kate Hutson 博士還提供了特別協助。

JCU is one of the world's leading institutions focusing on the tropics 文化背景

JCU 是全球專注於熱帶地區的頂尖學府之一，

with an opportunity to study in a diverse physical environment

學生有機會在多元的自然環境中學習，

unparalleled by any university in the world.

這是世界上任何其他大學都無法比擬的。

I actually studied there for a semester abroad. 文化背景

我其實也曾在那裡留學一個學期。

If you want to learn more, be sure to head over to their website,

如果想了解更多資訊，記得到他們的網站：

jcu.edu.au.

jcu.edu.au。

Link in the description.

連結在影片說明欄中。

You can check out the amazing Dr. Kate Hutson as well at marineparasites.com.

你也可以到 marineparasites.com，進一步了解超棒的 Kate Hutson 博士。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos.

別忘了訂閱，收看每週更新的科學影片。