如何在末日中生存——科學求生指南：英語精讀講義

Your car has stalled somewhere deserted, 用詞

你的車在某個荒無人煙的地方拋錨了，

your airplane makes a crash landing, 片語搭配

你搭乘的飛機發生迫降事故，

or you're trying to survive after our civilization has finally crumbled. 慣用語

或者在我們的文明終於崩塌後，你正設法活下去。

You may need the skills to continue life after your luxuries have been taken away. 文法

當舒適便利的生活不復存在，你可能需要掌握一些維持生存的技能。

But how?

但該怎麼做呢？

The main necessities for survival are water,

生存所需的基本要素有水、

food,

食物、

shelter,

庇護所、

warmth, and clothing.

保暖條件和衣物。

So let's start with water. 表達脈絡

那我們就先從水說起。

It will be integral to search for a freshwater source,

尋找淡水水源至關重要，

but once found it won't be immune to disease.

但即使找到了，水裡也可能帶有病菌。

You'll need to boil the water for 5 minutes to kill potentially harmful bacteria.

你需要把水煮沸5分鐘，以殺死可能有害的細菌。

And additional toxins are likely proteins

另外，有些毒素很可能屬於蛋白質，

that will denature at high heat. 用詞

會在高溫下變性。

You can consume water from cacti

你還可以從仙人掌中取得水分，

by cutting off sections of the cactus 文法

方法是切下幾段仙人掌，

and mashing them into a container.

再放進容器裡搗碎。

In colder climates,

在氣候較冷的地方，

you can eat fresh snow with dense ice being the best source. 文法

你可以吃剛落下的雪，而密實的冰是最佳水源。

If you can't get to freshwater,

如果找不到淡水，

dew can be collected in limp fabric, 文法

可以用鬆軟的布料收集露水，

and rainwater can be collected from leaves and divots in rocks.

還可以從樹葉和岩石凹洞中收集雨水。

Don't waste water on quenching your lips.

別浪費水，只為了潤濕嘴唇。

You can suck on a button or pebble

你可以含住一顆鈕扣或小石子，

to help with dry mouth and thirst temptation.

來緩解口乾和想喝水的衝動。

Once water is found,

找到水之後，

drink it slowly over a long period of time.

要花較長的時間慢慢喝下去。

This allows the body to utilize it efficiently and will inhibit nausea. 文法

這樣身體就能更有效地利用這些水，也能減輕噁心感。

Now for food, 表達脈絡

接下來是食物，

you'll have to suck it up and eat insects. 慣用語

你得硬著頭皮吃昆蟲。

Crickets, mealworms, and other critters are high in protein, 講解

蟋蟀、麵包蟲和其他小蟲都富含蛋白質、

vitamins, and minerals,

維生素和礦物質，

which are essential to survival. 片語搭配

而這些都是生存所必需的。

You're also an intimidating animal,

你也是一種令其他動物畏懼的動物，

and in most cases owls, wolves, and foxes

多數時候，貓頭鷹、狼和狐狸

will leave their caught prey if you appear,

一看到你，就會丟下捕獲的獵物，

which you can then take.

這時你就可以把獵物拿走。

There will likely be lactic acid present in the meat 文法

獵物的肉中很可能會有乳酸，

if the prey had to run,

尤其是獵物曾經為了逃命而奔跑時，

so it will be tough and spoil faster than freshly caught,

因而肉質會很硬，也會比剛捕到的新鮮獵物更快腐壞，

but if cooked immediately it should be fine. 文法

但只要立刻煮熟，應該就沒問題。

After a month without vitamin C,

連續一個月沒有攝取維生素C後，

you can start to feel weak as your body struggles to heal itself. 片語搭配

你可能會開始感到虛弱，因為身體難以自我修復。

This is because vitamin C is integral to biological pathways 講解

這是因為維生素C對某些生物途徑至關重要，

that build collagen,

這些途徑負責生成膠原蛋白，

the structural protein that causes wound healing.

而膠原蛋白是一種促進傷口癒合的結構蛋白。

Boiling spruce needles in water to create a tea 文法

把雲杉針葉放進水裡煮成茶，

will provide you with the equivalent vitamin C level 片語搭配

其中的維生素C含量

as a fresh glass of orange juice.

相當於一杯新鮮柳橙汁。

One of the easiest animals to capture is rabbit, 文法

兔子是最容易捕捉的動物之一，

as they rely so heavily on camouflage 片語搭配

因為牠們非常依賴保護色，

and are easy to get close to once spotted. 文法

一旦發現牠們，就很容易靠近。

But you can't survive off rabbit alone as they are such a lean meat, 片語動詞

但兔肉太瘦，不能只靠吃兔子活下去，

so you'll need to find more fat.

所以你還得找到更多脂肪。

So much of our lipid intake comes from staples 用詞

我們攝取的脂質有很大一部分來自常見食品，

such as butter, milk, salad oil, or ice cream,

例如奶油、牛奶、沙拉油或冰淇淋，

things that are sort of hard to find in the wild. 語氣意圖

而這些東西在野外可不太好找。

So you'll need to actively seek out fat. 片語動詞

所以你需要主動尋找脂肪來源。

Eating some plants and berries can be deadly,

有些植物和莓果吃下去可能致命，

so think like a squirrel and eat acorns. 表達脈絡

所以學學松鼠，吃橡實吧。

They're high in fat and always safe.

橡實脂肪含量高，而且食用起來總是安全的。

The bitter taste comes from the organic substance tannin,

苦味來自一種叫單寧的有機物質，

which is found in tea and beer.

茶和啤酒中也含有它。

If you boil the acorns for 2 hours,

如果把橡實煮上2小時，

you'll decrease the bitter taste and then leave them to dry

就能減輕苦味，之後可以把它們晾乾，

or grind them into a paste and make pancakes. 片語搭配

或者磨成糊，用來做鬆餅。

All aspects of the dandelion are edible too.

蒲公英的所有部位也都可以食用。

You can also boil them to decrease bitterness as well.

也可以把它們煮一煮，減輕苦味。

Maple tree seeds are also a fun snack that is high in essential nutrients and fat.

楓樹種子也是一種有趣的零食，富含必需營養素和脂肪。

It will be nutritionally valuable to catch fish,

捕到的魚營養價值很高，

but there are alternatives that don't need to be caught.

但也有不需要捕捉的替代食物。

Seaweed is extremely nutritious and abundant.

海藻營養極為豐富，而且到處都有。

It can be boiled, 文法

可以把它煮熟、

steamed, fried, or eaten raw,

蒸熟、炸熟，也可以生吃；

and rock-clinging mollusks are also rampant along the Pacific coast of North America.

北美洲太平洋沿岸也到處都是附著在岩石上的軟體動物。

An obvious way to cook meat is over a campfire with a stick, 文法

最直接的烤肉方法，就是用樹枝串起來放在營火上烤，

but you can steam food by digging a hole,

但你也可以挖一個洞來蒸食物，

adding hot rocks to it,

在洞裡放入滾燙的石頭，

and covering it with wet vegetation or seaweed.

再蓋上濕潤的植物或海藻。

Add the food on top,

把食物放在上面，

and slowly pour water,

接著慢慢倒水，

and the hot rocks will create steam.

炙熱的石頭就會產生蒸氣。

To create heat,

要產生熱量，

you'll need fire,

你需要火，

so always have matches or a lighter handy, 片語搭配

所以手邊一定要備妥火柴或打火機，

but in desperate times you can hit two rocks together for sparks.

但走投無路時，也可以敲擊兩塊石頭來迸出火星。

Keep your eyes peeled for iron pyrite, 慣用語

要留心尋找黃鐵礦，

a type of flammable mineral that is mined for its combustible properties.

這是一種因具有可燃性而被開採的礦物。

Another safe option is the classic magnifying glass binocular lenses

另一個安全的選擇是經典的放大鏡，雙筒望遠鏡的鏡片

which can work as well.

同樣也能派上用場。

Once you get sparks,

一旦弄出火星，

you'll need a tinder, 用詞

你就需要引火物，

the name for materials that can ignite easily.

也就是容易被點燃的材料。

Examples are shredded birch bark,

例如撕碎的樺樹皮、

dry moss, lichen, grass,

乾苔蘚、地衣、草、

evergreen needles, and the bark of all cedar trees.

常綠樹的針葉，以及所有雪松樹的樹皮。

Once lit, 文法

引火物點燃後，

you'll want to lay the ends of sticks in the fire

把木棍的一端放進火裡，

and then push them into the flame slowly as they're consumed. 用詞

木棍燃燒時，再慢慢把它往火焰裡推。

This is an efficient way to keep your fire going for longer. 片語搭配

這樣能有效地讓火燒得更久。

You don't want to light a fire within your shelter for obvious reasons, 語氣意圖

顯然，千萬不要在庇護所內生火，

and proper ventilation is needed to stop any chance of carbon monoxide poisoning. 用詞

而且必須保持適當通風，避免一氧化碳中毒。

A shallow cave is an ideal shelter,

淺洞穴是理想的庇護所，

putting your fire a safe distance in front for warmth.

可以在洞口前方保持安全距離生火取暖。

In the woods,

在樹林裡，

breaking off branches and making a leaning structure is simple and effective too. 片語動詞

折些樹枝搭成斜棚，同樣簡單又實用。

Angle the gradual incline towards the wind

讓平緩的斜面朝向來風方向，

and start building the walls from the bottom up. 片語搭配

並從下往上搭建牆面。

Use a stick to make a drain around the structure for rainwater to drain.

用木棍在棚子周圍挖一圈排水溝，讓雨水流走。

As for a comfy bed, 表達脈絡

至於舒適的床，

pine needles, dry moss, leaves, and ferns are the Casper mattress of your post-apocalyptic life. 文化背景

松針、乾苔蘚、樹葉和蕨類，就是你末日後生活裡的 Casper 床墊。

In the winter,

冬天時，

don't dress too warmly as your body is capable of regulating temperature, 文法

別穿得太暖，因為身體本身能夠調節體溫，

and perspiring can lead to dehydration. 用詞

而流汗可能導致脫水。

On the way out,

動身時，

you'll want to grab boots and thick wool socks.

記得帶上靴子和厚羊毛襪。

Leave your skinny jeans at home as you'll need extra room around the knees for dexterity.

緊身牛仔褲就留在家裡吧，因為膝蓋周圍要有更多空間，動作才會靈活。

Look for clothes with as many pockets as possible, 文法

儘量找口袋多的衣服，

preferably ones that can close,

口袋最好能封起來，

and loose cotton shirts will provide better protection from insects.

寬鬆的棉質襯衫也能更有效地防蟲。

Oil driven from animal fats can be used to grease footwear and help keep them resistant to water, 講解

從動物脂肪中煉出的油可以塗在鞋子上，幫助提升防水性，

and the down feathers caught from any birds can be shoved beneath your clothes for warmth when needed. 用詞

從抓到的鳥身上取得的絨羽，也可以在需要時塞進衣服裡保暖。

Now,

現在，

rewatch this video and take notes

再看一遍這段影片並做好筆記，

as when it comes time to fend for yourself, 講解

因為等到你必須獨自求生時，

access to information on the internet will likely not be an option. 片語搭配

很可能已經無法透過網路取得資訊了。

Good luck.

祝你好運。

And if you want to see how some of the richest people in the world are already prepping for the apocalypse,

如果你想看看世界上一些最富有的人已經如何為末日做準備，

watch our second video here by clicking on the screen

就點擊畫面，觀看我們的第二段影片，

or using the link in the description.

或使用影片說明欄中的連結。

Seriously,

說真的，

they're called preppers, 文化背景

他們被稱為「末日準備族」（preppers），

and they're already getting ready.

而且早已開始行動了。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.

別忘了訂閱；每週四都有更多科學影片。