傳統吸菸 vs 抽Juul電子菸：英語精讀講義

Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in America, 片語搭配

吸菸是美國可預防死亡的頭號原因，

killing 500,000 people each year. 文法

每年造成50萬人死亡。

Vaping claims to be a safer alternative 用詞

電子煙號稱是更安全的替代選擇，

and with 72% of all vapes sold being the sleek new JUUL vapes, 文法

而在所有售出的電子煙中，外型俐落的新款 JUUL 佔了72%，

what exactly is the difference between smoking and JUULing? 講解

那麼，吸菸和抽 JUUL 到底有什麼差別？

Smoking a cigarette involves a narrow cylinder of paper filled with tobacco. 文法

香菸本身是一個裝滿菸草的細長紙筒。

The filter is made of hair-like fibers meant to trap some of the bad smoke. 片語搭配

濾嘴由毛髮般的纖維製成，目的是濾掉一部分有害煙霧。

Unfortunately, one study found smoking with a filter actually made people inhale harder, 文法

可惜，一項研究發現，抽有濾嘴的香菸反而會讓人吸得更用力，

pulling in more harmful chemicals.

因而吸入更多有害化學物質。

A JUUL is an electronic cigarette designed to look like a flash drive 文法

JUUL 是一種外型酷似隨身碟的電子煙，

and is charged in a USB port.

可以透過 USB 連接埠充電。

It has two components.

它由兩個部分組成。

One contains the battery and the system that regulates the temperature.

一部分包含電池和溫度調節系統。

The other is a cartridge full of an e-liquid,

另一部分是裝滿電子煙液的煙彈，

which also acts as the mouthpiece. 片語搭配

也兼作吸嘴。

These are called JUUL pods

它們被稱為 JUUL 煙彈，

and can be switched out or replaced when they are empty. 片語動詞

用完後可以拆下換新。

In Canada, for example,

以加拿大為例，

a single pack of Marlboro cigarettes costs around $13,

一包萬寶路香菸大約要13加幣，

which consists of 20 cigarettes.

其中有20支香菸。

A JUUL pod, which has similar nicotine content to a pack of cigarettes, 文法

一個 JUUL 煙彈的尼古丁含量和一包香菸差不多，

costs $16 and gives you roughly 200 puffs.

售價16加幣，大約能吸200口。

Therefore, JUULing is more expensive,

因此，抽 JUUL 比較貴，

but as are most things that claim to be healthier.

不過，大多數號稱更健康的東西也都是如此。

So, let's get into what is in a cigarette versus a JUUL pod. 片語動詞

那麼，我們來看看香菸和 JUUL 煙彈裡分別有什麼。

The main ingredient in cigarettes is cured tobacco leaves,

香菸的主要成分是經過乾燥處理的菸葉，

but also recycled stems, stocks, and floor sweepings known as sheet.

但也會用到回收的菸梗、莖稈和從地板掃起的碎屑，它們會被製成所謂的「菸草薄片」。

Tobacco companies have added hundreds of ingredients to improve taste, 文法

菸草公司添加了數百種成分來改善味道，

decrease harshness and increase absorption.

減輕刺激感，並提高吸收率。

Some examples are sugars for taste, menthol to numb the throat,

例如，用糖改善味道，用薄荷醇麻痺喉嚨，

and ammonia to increase nicotine absorption in your lungs.

再用氨提高肺部對尼古丁的吸收。

Studies show that, depending on the cigarette, 文法

研究顯示，視香菸種類而定，

there are either hundreds to thousands of ingredients, 文法

其中可能含有數百乃至數千種成分，

of which many are proven to cause cancer.

許多都已證實會致癌。

Cigarettes involve combustion and burn at a temperature between 400 to 700 degrees Celsius, 講解

香菸在抽吸時會燃燒，溫度介於攝氏400至700度，

meaning you inhale carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and nitric oxide,

這表示你會吸入一氧化碳、多環芳香烴和一氧化氮，

all of which are dangerous toxins. 文法

這些全都是危險的有毒物質。

JUULing, on the other hand, 表達脈絡

而抽 JUUL 則不同，

does not involve consumption of the tobacco plant.

它並不涉及吸食菸草植物本身。

The creators of JUUL found that by adding benzoic acid to just the nicotine salts in tobacco, 講解

JUUL 的開發者發現，只要在菸草所含的尼古丁鹽中加入苯甲酸，

they could mimic a cigarette's rapid nicotine delivery.

就能模擬香菸快速輸送尼古丁的效果。

Unlike cigarettes,

和香菸不同，

JUUL e-liquid only consists of five ingredients, 片語搭配

JUUL 電子煙液只含五種成分，

which are benzoic acid, a nicotine solution, glycerol, propylene glycol,

分別是苯甲酸、尼古丁溶液、甘油、丙二醇，

and food grade flavoring.

以及食品級香料。

Other vape companies may use the chemical diacetyl for flavoring,

其他電子煙公司可能會使用雙乙醯來調味，

which can cause dangerous lung inflammation,

這可能引發嚴重的肺部發炎，

but JUUL makes a point to not include this chemical. 片語搭配

但 JUUL 刻意不添加這種化學物質。

The temperature needs to be at least 150 degrees Celsius 文法

溫度至少要達到攝氏150度，

to create an inhalable aerosol. 用詞

才能產生可吸入的氣膠。

Therefore, there is no combustion reaction,

因此，這裡不會發生燃燒反應，

which means decreased toxins.

也就表示有毒物質更少。

For now, science says that JUULing is healthier than smoking, 表達脈絡

就目前而言，科學研究認為，抽 JUUL 比吸菸更健康，

but they both involve consumption of a similar amount of a mind-altering drug. 用詞

但兩者都會讓人攝取相近劑量的精神活性物質。

Whether you smoke or JUUL, 文法

無論你抽香菸還是抽 JUUL，

you are inhaling nicotine into your chest,

都會把尼古丁吸進肺部，

where it passes through the thin membrane of your lungs and into your bloodstream.

它會穿過肺部薄薄的膜，進入血液。

From there, the nicotine is carried to the brain

接著，尼古丁會被輸送到大腦，

and within seconds,

並在短短幾秒內，

it binds to neurons in the reward pathway of your brain. 用詞

與大腦獎賞迴路中的神經元結合。

This is the part of the brain that evolved to make you feel good after doing biologically important things,

大腦的這個區域經過演化，會讓你在做完對身體很重要的事情後感覺良好，

like eating or exercising.

例如進食或運動。

The inhaled nicotine cheats the system by fitting right into the receptors in this pathway, 慣用語

吸入的尼古丁會騙過這套系統，因為它正好能嵌入這條迴路的受體中，

causing the release of a neurotransmitter called dopamine.

進而促使一種叫作多巴胺的神經傳導物質釋放出來。

This causes the cigarette you smoked or the JUUL you vaped to make you feel good, 文法

這麼一來，無論抽的是香菸還是 JUUL，你都會感覺很好，

satisfied, and happy.

感到滿足又快樂。

Nicotine can wake you up if sleepy 講解

想睡時，尼古丁能讓你清醒，

or calm you down if stressed.

壓力大時，它又能讓你平靜下來。

So, it is no wonder nicotine is extremely addictive. 片語搭配

所以，難怪尼古丁極易讓人上癮。

The popularity of JUULing amongst young people means less are smoking cigarettes, 講解

JUUL 在年輕人中很流行，這表示抽香菸的年輕人變少了，

which some epidemiologists think is a good thing. 文法

有些流行病學家認為這是件好事。

However, JUULing is also very new,

不過，抽 JUUL 還是一種很新的現象，

which means there is no long-term studies to uncover any hidden negative effects. 文法

這表示目前還沒有長期研究能揭露任何潛藏的負面影響。

The best thing you can do right now for your health 文法

眼下，你能為健康做出的最好選擇，

is to skip nicotine products altogether. 用詞

就是徹底遠離尼古丁產品。

If you want to know even more about JUULing,

如果你想更進一步了解 JUUL，

we just uploaded the newest episode of our podcast Sidenote to YouTube,

我們剛把 Podcast 節目 Sidenote 的最新一集上傳到 YouTube，

where we talk about the new FDA regulations,

這一集我們聊了 FDA 的新規定，

our first time smoking,

還有我們第一次吸菸的經驗，

and scientifically debate whether or not we think JUULing is good. 文法

並從科學角度辯論抽 JUUL 到底是不是件好事。

Click here to listen on YouTube

點這裡到 YouTube 收聽，

or subscribe to Sidenote wherever you get your podcasts.

或到你平常收聽 Podcast 的平台訂閱 Sidenote。