這麼多量足以致命：英語精讀講義

We all know to stay away from poisons like mercury 片語動詞

我們都知道要遠離汞這類毒物，

where ingesting a 200 milligram dose would kill you.

因為攝取200毫克就足以致命。

Or polonium which only requires 1 gram of vaporized substance

還有釙，只需1公克汽化後的物質

to wipe out 50 million people. 片語動詞

就能奪走5,000萬人的性命。

But did you know that 70 cups of coffee 講解

但你知道嗎，70杯咖啡

contains enough caffeine to kill a 70 kilogram person? 文法

所含的咖啡因足以讓一名70公斤重的人喪命？

This amount of caffeine can trigger heart palpitations

這麼多咖啡因可能引發心悸，

or even cardiac arrest. 用詞

甚至心臟驟停。

Prefer alcohol as your beverage of choice? 片語搭配

你比較喜歡喝酒嗎？

13 consecutive shots could be lethal too. 用詞

連續喝下13杯烈酒也可能致命。

Because alcohol is a depressant, 用詞

因為酒精是一種中樞神經抑制劑，

the area in the brain controlling basic life functions

大腦中負責控制基本生命功能的區域

like breathing and heart rate begin to shut down. 片語動詞

會逐漸停止調節呼吸與心率等功能。

Too much liquid in general can be dangerous as well.

一般來說，攝取過多液體也可能很危險。

Though it takes a lot,

雖然得喝下相當大的量，

water intoxication from around 6 L 用詞

但約6公升的水所引發的水中毒

causes brain cells to swell

會導致腦細胞腫脹，

leading to headaches, seizures, comas 文法

進而造成頭痛、癲癇發作與昏迷，

and even death in extreme cases.

嚴重時甚至死亡。

But if you stop drinking water

但如果你停止喝水

or consume too much salt,

或攝取過多鹽分，

your cells will start to shrink

你的細胞就會開始萎縮，

leading to the condition known as hypernatremia.

進而引發一種稱為高血鈉症的病症。

48 teaspoons of your favorite seasoning at once

一次吃下48茶匙你最愛的調味料

is enough to trigger this reaction

就足以引發這種反應，

also leading to seizures, coma or even death.

同樣可能造成癲癇發作、昏迷，甚至死亡。

Stick your head underwater or simply hold your breath 片語搭配

把頭浸到水裡，或是乾脆閉氣，

and it takes around 4 minutes without oxygen 文法

缺氧約4分鐘

to cause severe brain injury

就會造成嚴重的腦損傷，

and at 6 minutes you could die.

到6分鐘時，你就可能死亡。

However, in extreme cases

不過，在一些極端情況下，

some free divers have been able to hold their breath

有些自由潛水員可以閉氣

for over 20 minutes.

超過20分鐘。

Cherries can also deprive you of oxygen. 片語搭配

櫻桃也可能讓你缺氧。

Say what? 語氣意圖

什麼？

If you ever swallow a cherry pit,

如果你不小心吞下一顆櫻桃核，

you shouldn't worry too much.

不必太擔心。

Just don't bite into one.

只要別把它咬碎就好。

One or two ground cherry pits

一兩顆磨碎的櫻桃核

contains enough cyanide to take you down 片語動詞

所含的氰化物就足以致命，

and these cyanide ions inhibit the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase

而這些氰離子會抑制細胞色素c氧化酶，

causing your cells to be unable to use oxygen.

使你的細胞無法利用氧氣。

Speaking of a lack of oxygen, 表達脈絡

說到缺氧，

it's at around 8,000 ft above sea level 文法

在海拔約8,000英尺處，

that our bodies can no longer acclimatize 片語搭配

我們的身體便再也無法適應

to the limited oxygen.

如此稀薄的氧氣。

This is known as the death zone in mountaineering. 文化背景

登山界稱這裡為「死亡地帶」。

Simply being too tall can also kill you. 文法

光是身高太高也可能要了你的命。

In the 1930s,

1930年代，

Robert Pershing Wadlow reached 8 ft 11 in.

Robert Pershing Wadlow的身高達到8英尺11英吋。

This height put severe stress on his circulatory system 片語搭配

這樣的身高讓他的循環系統承受巨大負擔，

and structural pressure on his bones

也對他的骨骼造成結構性壓力，

and he died at the young age of 22. 片語搭配

最終他年僅22歲便去世了。

Researchers have hypothesized that every inch above 5 ft

研究人員推測，身高超過5英尺後，每多1英吋，

takes 1.3 years off your life. 片語動詞

壽命就會縮短1.3年。

If you're worried about your pet's life,

如果你擔心寵物的生命安全，

you may have heard not to give them chocolate.

你可能聽說過不能餵牠們吃巧克力。

The same chemical theobromine can kill us too.

同樣的化學物質——可可鹼——也能讓我們喪命。

Our bodies metabolize theobromine more effectively though

不過，我們的身體能更有效地代謝可可鹼，

with 1,000 mg per kilogram being lethal to humans, 文法

對人類而言，每公斤體重攝取1,000毫克才會致命，

which is the equivalent of 85 full-sized chocolate bars at once. 片語搭配

相當於一次吃下85條正常尺寸的巧克力棒。

You may want that many chocolate bars

你或許會想吃掉這麼多巧克力，

after getting high. 用詞

尤其是在嗨過之後。

However, you would need to eat 22 kg of marijuana

不過，你得吃下22公斤的大麻

to be at risk of death. 片語搭配

才會有死亡風險。

Smoke it and the amount required to overdose 文法

如果用吸的，導致過量所需的大麻量

is comically high. 慣用語

更是高得離譜。

Approximately 680 kg of pot within 15 minutes 用詞

在15分鐘內吸食約680公斤大麻

would induce a lethal response,

才會引發致命反應，

which may explain why there has never been 表達脈絡

這或許可以解釋為什麼至今從未有過

a single documented death directly linked 片語搭配

任何一例有紀錄的死亡

to consuming too much marijuana.

被直接歸因於攝取過量大麻。

Blasting some amazing music may be fun as well. 用詞

大聲播放超好聽的音樂也許很過癮。

Just don't go above 185 decibels.

只要別超過185分貝。

The amount of air pressure from this

這種音量產生的氣壓

could burst your lungs

可能會讓你的肺破裂，

or alternatively create an embolism that travels to your heart.

或是形成栓塞，並隨血流進入心臟。

It may also keep your neighbors up all night 片語動詞

也可能吵得鄰居整晚睡不著，

and while it's uncertain 文法

而目前仍不確定

how long the body can survive without sleep,

人體不睡覺究竟能撐多久。

studies on rats who underwent continuous sleep deprivation 片語搭配

針對持續遭受睡眠剝奪的大鼠所做的研究顯示，

lasted around 2 weeks before dying.

牠們大約撐了兩週便死亡。

The world record in humans is just over 11 days

人類的世界紀錄是11天多一點，

but surprisingly no long-term effects were documented 表達脈絡

但令人驚訝的是，並未記錄到任何長期影響，

after he caught up on his sleep. 片語動詞

即使是在他補足睡眠之後。

Got a burning question you want answered? 慣用語

有沒有什麼迫切想知道答案的問題？

Ask it in the comments or on Facebook and Twitter.

到留言區，或在Facebook和Twitter上提問吧。

And if you liked this video,

如果你喜歡這支影片，

check out our previous one called This is 200 calories

不妨看看我們上一支名為「這就是200卡路里」的影片，

where we break down and compare different foods and drinks 片語動詞

片中我們分析並比較了不同的食物和飲料，

to put things in perspective. 慣用語

讓這些數字更容易理解。

Be sure to like, share and subscribe

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱，

for more weekly science videos.

每週收看更多科學影片。