AIM-9「響尾蛇」飛彈的彈頭是如何運作的？- Smarter Every Day 282：英語精讀講義

Hey, it's me Destin.

嘿，我是 Destin。

Welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

歡迎回到《Smarter Every Day》。

I want to talk about something that's really neat.

我想聊點非常有趣的東西。

Um I'm at Naval Air Weapons Station,

嗯，我現在在海軍航空武器站，

China Lake here in California.

也就是加州的中國湖（China Lake）。

I'm in front of a a building that does things and

我站在一棟執行各種任務的大樓前，

here is an F-18,

這是一架 F-18，

which is a beautiful bird.

真是一架漂亮的戰機。

This uh this particular aircraft can be configured for the attack role 片語搭配

這架、這架特定的飛機可以配置為攻擊機，

or for a fighter role.

或者作為戰鬥機。

And there's something I want to show you that's way over here.

這裡有個東西我想給你們看看。

Check this out.

來看看這個。

You know, all the different weapons on the pylons.

你們知道，掛架上掛著各種不同的武器。

Got some bombs over there.

那邊有一些炸彈。

Look at this.

看這個。

This is a Sidewinder missile and this changed a lot of things

這是一枚響尾蛇飛彈，它改變了許多事物，

a lot of places.

也改變了許多地方。

So, this is one of the first heat-seeking missiles that was developed here in the '50s, 用詞

所以，這是 50 年代在此研發的最早的紅外線導引飛彈之一，

right here, China Lake.

就在這兒，中國湖。

And uh let's look at it.

讓我們來看看它。

So, you got a seeker up here,

它的頂部有一個尋標器，

so it can it could go towards the exhaust of a of an aircraft.

所以它能、它能追蹤飛機引擎的尾氣。

Uh you've got some kind of pivoting fins right here,

呃，這裡有一些可以轉動的控制翼面，

right?

對吧？

Look right here.

看這裡。

You've got this is like a side-looking proximity sensor, 用詞

這看起來像是一個側視近發感測器，

which is amazing that that's on this model.

在這個型號上居然有這個，真是神奇。

This is a warhead.

這是彈頭。

We'll talk more about the warhead in a minute. 片語搭配

稍後我們會詳細講講彈頭。

You got the rocket.

這裡是火箭引擎。

And then you got these things in the back.

然後你看到後面這些東西。

Look at this.

看這個。

So, I want to talk about this.

所以，我想談談這個。

If you look closely, 文法

如果你仔細看，

you'll notice there's something that looks like a water wheel here.

你會注意到這兒有個看起來像水車的東西。

You see that?

看到了嗎？

Oh, it spins.

哦，它能轉。

Look at that.

看啊。

So, this is called a rolleron.

這個叫作陀螺舵（rolleron）。

Now, if you can imagine this aircraft is flying along super super fast, 表達脈絡

現在，你可以想像這架飛機飛得超級超級快，

you shoot this missile at Mach 2.5,

你以 2.5 馬赫的速度發射這枚飛彈，

you want to stabilize it,

你需要讓它穩定下來，

right?

對吧？

You don't want it to just like spin and roll.

你不希望它像無頭蒼蠅一樣亂轉亂滾。

So, you got roll, pitch, and yaw, 用詞

飛機有滾轉、俯仰和偏航三個軸，

right?

對吧？

You don't want this thing to roll in ways that you don't want it to.

你不希望這玩意發生不必要的滾轉。

So, this is a genius way to get around that. 片語動詞

所以，這是一個解決該問題的天才方法。

So, a rolleron.

這就是，陀螺舵。

Oh, look.

噢，你看。

You can see right there.

你能看到那兒。

You see those little bitty divots? 用詞

看到那些小小的凹坑了嗎？

You got to look close.

你得湊近看。

See those little things that are drilled out there? 片語動詞

看到那些鑽出來的小坑了嗎？

That's where they balanced it.

那是他們做動平衡的地方。

Because this could spin at over 100,000 RPM

因為這個轉速可超過 10 萬轉/分鐘，

and So, they had to make some weigh more or less than others.

所以他們必須讓某些地方的重量多一點或少一點。

So, they had to like spin this thing up and balance it like you'd balance a tire by removing material. 講解

因此他們必須讓它轉起來，像去掉多餘材料來平衡輪胎那樣平衡它。

But anyway,

不管怎樣，

a rolleron, what it does is as you fire the missile and it spins up, 文法

陀螺舵的作用是，當你發射飛彈，它轉動起來時，

you get a flywheel effect.

就會產生飛輪效應。

So, you get a gyroscopic effect and it becomes a giant flywheel, like a gyroscope.

從而產生陀螺效應，它變成一個巨大的飛輪，就像陀螺儀一樣。

And so, that angular momentum gives you an angular momentum vector that's right there.

這樣一來，那個角動量就會在這裡產生一個角動量向量。

And you can see there's four of them.

你可以看到有四個這樣的裝置。

There's one,

這裡有一個，

there's two,

這是第二個，

there's three,

第三個，

and there's four.

這是第四個。

So, imagine if you would,

那麼，試想一下，

you're about to fire this missile and if and if you have problems with dynamic stability in the roll axis

你正準備發射這枚飛彈，如果你在滾轉軸的動態穩定性上遇到問題，

because you're an engineer in the '50s

因為你是 50 年代的工程師，

and you don't have really fast control loops and digital circuitry at your disposal yet, 慣用語

手邊還沒有極快的控制迴路和數位電路可用，

this is just genius

這簡直是天才之作，

because it's a passive dynamic stability method.

因為這是一種被動動態穩定性控制方法。

So, imagine you could pin a vector here,

想像一下你可以把一個向量固定在這裡，

pin a vector here,

一個固定在這裡，

here and there and just kind of lock it in space

這裡和那裡，就像把它們鎖定在空間中，

so it it'll go straight.

這樣飛彈就能直飛了。

That's amazing.

太了不起了。

One thing I don't understand is there appears to be a pivot point here.

我不太懂的一點是，這裡似乎有一個樞軸點。

So, as the missile tries to roll,

所以當飛彈試圖滾轉時，

this thing could try to stay in position

這東西會盡量保持在原位，

and so it'll try to stay back where it was

也就是努力維持原本的姿態，

and I assume that would also provide some aerodynamic stability passively. 語氣意圖

我想這也會被動地提供一些氣動穩定性。

I I don't know.

我、我不知道。

I don't know how that works,

我不知道它具體是怎麼運作的，

but I think it's fascinating.

但我覺得這非常迷人。

So, I don't know

所以，我不確定，

I think I think it's an amazing piece of engineering.

但我覺得這是一項驚人的工程傑作。

There's a newer missile,

這邊有一枚更新的飛彈，

a newer version over here.

一個更新的版本。

That's the AIM-9L no,

那是 AIM-9L，不，

M.

是 M。

I think the first one,

我想第一個，

I read it on a thing,

我在一份資料上讀到過，

is it on this?

是寫在這個上面的嗎？

Okay, so the first one,

好吧，第一個，

so that one over there was the M.

那邊那個是 M 型。

The B was the first one they deployed.

B 型是他們最先部署的。

This one is the X.

這個是 X 型。

This is the AIM-9X.

這是 AIM-9X。

So, this one right here

那麼，這一個呢，

is uh if I can focus on it.

呃，如果我能對上焦的話。

Let's see if I can focus up close here. 片語搭配

讓我看看能不能在這裡近距離對焦。

So, you'll notice it's different.

你會注意到它不一樣了。

It doesn't have pivoting blades up front.

它的前方沒有可轉動的翼面了。

It's fixed here.

這裡是固定的。

So, I've got a seeker.

所以，它有尋標器。

That's good.

這很好。

Let's move back.

我們往後看。

Don't have a proximity fuse here.

這裡沒有近發引信了。

This just got this kind of billet here.

這裡只有這種類似金屬塊的東西。

Warhead,

彈頭，

rocket,

火箭引擎，

brown stripe for rocket.

棕色條紋代表火箭引擎。

That's where it leaves the rail.

這是它脫離發射架的地方。

And then way back here,

然後看到最後面，

look at that.

看這個。

So, these fins pivot in the back.

這些尾部的翼面是可以轉動的。

So, it's different than the 9 Mike over there.

所以它跟那邊的 9M 型不一樣。

This is the 9X.

這是 9X。

Also, this is just a model,

另外，這只是個模型，

but you can see anytime you have something in the rocket plume itself, 文法

但你可以發現，只要在火箭尾焰中放置了某些東西，

that's usually an indication of thrust vector control.

通常就意味著採用了推力向量控制。

So, I assume that means that the AIM-9X can do thrust vector control.

所以我猜測這意味著 AIM-9X 可以進行推力向量控制。

I've never worked with the system, 語氣意圖

我沒弄過這個系統，

so I don't know.

所以我不知道確切情況。

But uh I hear this thing is amazing.

但呃，我聽說這東西很厲害。

But it doesn't have rollerons.

但它沒有陀螺舵。

Because

因為，

I just think it's clever and interesting.

我只是覺得它（陀螺舵）非常巧妙和有趣。

So, rollerons are neat

總之，陀螺舵很奇妙，

and uh I don't know much about them.

而且呃，我對它們了解不多。

But it's a genius solution to a difficult problem.

但它是解決複雜問題的一個天才方案。

So, last thing I want to talk about here 表達脈絡

最後我想在這裡談談的，

is the warhead section right here.

是這裡的彈頭區域。

So, if you can imagine,

試想一下，

this missile is designed to engage aircraft. 用詞

這枚飛彈是設計用來攻擊飛機的。

So, you've got an engine there.

那裡有一台引擎。

The back of the engine's there.

那是引擎的尾部。

So, let's say you're going for a heat signature there 片語動詞

假設你正在追蹤那裡的熱訊號，

and it is able to approach and acquire

飛彈能夠接近並鎖定目標，

it would probably lead the aircraft a little bit. 用詞

它可能還會稍微預判一點飛機的走位。

I don't know how they do that,

我不知道他們是怎麼做到的，

but um let's say that it gets to the endgame and it wants to detonate this warhead because 用詞

不過嗯，假設它到了最後階段，想要引爆這枚彈頭，因為

the side-looking proximity sensor sees something.

側視近發感測器探測到了東西。

Well, this little warhead right here,

那麼，這枚小小的彈頭，

it's called an expanding rod warhead. 用詞

被稱為連續桿彈頭（expanding rod warhead）。

And the way it works is

它的運作原理是，

imagine you had a little bitty rod of steel here,

想像你有一根細小的鋼條在這裡，

here,

這裡，

here,

還有這裡，

maybe it's steel,

可能是鋼，

maybe it's tungsten,

也可能是鎢，

I don't know.

我不清楚。

Um sometimes people use tungsten because it's more dense.

嗯，有時人們用鎢，因為它的密度更大。

But imagine you had all these rods stacked up in a cylinder around this thing 文法

但想像一下，你把所有這些金屬桿以圓柱形堆疊排列在它周圍，

and you were to weld this end,

然後把這一端焊起來，

you'll weld two rods together

將兩根桿焊在一起，

and you go to the top one and you go all the way over

然後順著往上到頂部，繞著走，

and then you weld these two rods together

然後再把這兩根桿焊在一起，

and you just zigzag back and forth 片語搭配

就這樣來回呈「Z」字形焊接，

and you go all the way around the warhead like that.

像這樣把整個彈頭繞一圈。

Well, what happens is

那麼接下來發生的是，

once you have those rods welded together 文法

一旦你把這些金屬桿焊在一起，

and you detonate the explosive on the inside of that,

並引爆在它們內部的炸藥，

it would kind of scissor out.

它們就會像剪刀一樣張開。

Does that make sense? 語氣意圖

能理解嗎？

Like.. it's a cylinder

就像……本來是個圓柱體，

and then it would kind of scissor out like that

然後會像那樣如同剪刀般撐開，

and you would have like a torus,

就會形成一個類似圓環的東西，

like a

就像一個，

you would take a cylinder and turn it into a disc quickly. 片語動詞

將一個圓柱體迅速變成一個圓盤。

And that creates a cutter that's orthogonal to the direction of flight, 用詞

這會形成一個與飛行方向正交的切割器，

which is a really bad day if you have a hot engine on an aircraft. 慣用語

如果你的飛機有一台炙熱的引擎，那就大難臨頭了。

You know, the idea is to damage the engine. 表達脈絡

要知道，其理念就是破壞引擎。

So, that is an amazing design

所以，這是一項令人驚嘆的設計，

and I just thought it was interesting

我就是覺得它很有趣，

and I thought it would be worth talking about. 片語搭配

我認為值得和大家聊聊。

So, hope you enjoyed this random discussion about a Sidewinder missile.

希望你們喜歡這段關於響尾蛇飛彈的隨意閒聊。

That's it.

就是這樣。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在變得更聰明。

Have a good one. 語氣意圖

祝你愉快。

Bye.

拜拜。

If you look hard enough on the internet, 文法

如果你在網上足夠用心地找一找，

you can find your own rolleron Sidewinder missile fin.

你也能找到屬於你自己的響尾蛇飛彈陀螺舵尾翼。

Oh my goodness.

哦，我的天。

It's amazing.

太讚了。

Check this out.

來看看這個。

Actually works.

真的能轉。

Uh you can see they've been balanced.

呃，你可以看到它們被做過動平衡了。

Uh yeah,

呃，是的，

check it out.

看看它。

This kind unlatches.

這個卡扣可以解開。

So, I'm going to build something and check it out.

所以，我要組裝點東西來看看。

Uh I may have cut myself in the first 30 seconds I had it 文法

呃，剛拿到它的前 30 秒我可能就把自己割傷了，

on this little part right here.

就是在這個小零件上。

But it doesn't matter cuz we got it. 用詞

但沒關係，因為我們搞到了。

So, thank you to everybody that supports on Patreon.

所以，感謝在 Patreon 上支持我的每一個人。

patreon.com/smartereveryday.

網址是 patreon.com/smartereveryday。

You just bought me some missile parts.

你們剛剛給我買了一些飛彈零件。

Oh, yeah.

哦，耶。

Front fins too.

前翼也有。

Duh.

對啊。

I guess it's like that.

我猜就是這樣的。

That's a front fin.

這是前翼。

How cool is that? 語氣意圖

多酷啊？

Okay.

好了。

Thank you so much.

非常感謝。

Uh feel free to subscribe if you want to see what I do with this 語氣意圖

呃，如果你想看我拿它做什麼，歡迎訂閱，

cuz I have an idea.

因為我有個主意了。

Anyway,

總之，

thank you very much.

非常感謝。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在變得更聰明。

Have a good one.

祝你愉快。

Oh, so cool.

噢，太酷了。