普通北韓人 vs 普通南韓人 - 人民生活比較：英語精讀講義

So far in our shows featuring the average person,

到目前為止，在我們以普通人為主題的系列節目中，

we focused on Europe and North America.

我們主要關注了歐洲和北美。

Today, we're heading to Asia

今天，我們要前往亞洲，

to compare what could be called a flourishing nation 文法

比較一個堪稱繁榮昌盛的國家，

with a country that is usually given the epithet of secret state.

與一個通常被冠以「秘密國家」稱號的國家。

The two countries sit side by side,

這兩個國家毗鄰而居，

and yet today they share very little in common. 講解

然而在今天，它們卻鮮少有共同之處。

One nation is viewed as a threat to Western democratic capitalist values,

一個國家被視為對西方民主資本主義價值觀的威脅，

and the other an ally and exponent of those values.

而另一個國家則是這些價值觀的盟友和擁護者。

Separated by a demilitarized zone,

它們被一條非軍事區分隔開來，

it's not often that the global public gets to see what happens north of the border. 文法

全球大眾鮮有機會一睹邊界以北發生的事情。

Even when we are given a glimpse inside the secretive nation, 片語搭配

即使我們有時能瞥見這個神祕國家的一角，

we are often told the reality was only a show, propaganda.

我們也常被告知這不過是一場表演、一種宣傳。

Today, we're going to take a look inside.

今天，我們將深入其內部一探究竟。

In this episode of The Infographics Show,

在本期《資訊圖表秀》中，

the average North Korean versus the average South Korean.

我們將比較一般的北韓人與一般的南韓人。

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button

別忘了訂閱並點擊小鈴鐺按鈕，

so that you can be part of our notification squad.

這樣您就能加入我們的通知小分隊囉。

According to a fact sheet created by the Korean Economic Institute of America,

根據美國韓國經濟研究所發布的情況說明書，

South Korea's 51 million people are currently living in the 13th largest economy in the world

南韓目前擁有5100萬人口，按購買力平價計算，

based on purchasing power parity.

是世界第13大經濟體。

That number is $1.93 trillion.

這個數字是1.93兆美元。

Its GDP is $1.4 trillion,

其國內生產毛額（GDP）為1.4兆美元，

putting South Korea in 11th place in the world for GDP. 文法

這使得南韓的GDP排在全球第11名。

North Korea's 25 million people will not be enjoying an economic boon anytime soon. 講解

而擁有2500萬人口的北韓，短期內恐怕無法享受到這種經濟繁榮。

Its GDP, according to the CIA Factbook,

根據《中情局世界概況》，其GDP

was $25 billion in 2015.

在2015年為250億美元。

Some sources say this number is lower.

有些消息來源稱這個數字實際上更低。

The country's main industries are agriculture, mining, fishing, and the services,

該國的主要產業是農業、採礦業、漁業和服務業，

while South Korea's major industries cover more modern sectors

而南韓的主要產業則涵蓋了更多現代領域，

such as electronics, automotive, shipbuilding, and petrochemicals.

像是電子、汽車、造船和石化工業。

What this means in terms of wealth per capita? 片語搭配

這在人均財富方面意味著什麼呢？

Well, you can probably figure that out. 片語動詞

嗯，你大概也能猜出來了。

The average wage in South Korea in 2016,

南韓2016年的平均薪資，

according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,

根據經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD）的數據，

was just over $32,000 a year.

稍微超過每年32,000美元。

This was taken by calculating the total wage bill in the country

這是透過該國的總薪資支出

by the number of full-time employees.

除以全職員工數量計算得出的。

As the North Korean government doesn't publish its salaries,

由於北韓政府並不公布其薪資數據，

it's hard to know exactly what people get paid. 文法

很難確切知道人們到底能領多少錢。

According to North Korean Economy Watch,

根據《北韓經濟觀察》，

a high-paid official in the country could earn as much as $1,000 a month. 文法

該國的高薪官員每月最多能賺1000美元。

In an article published in NPR,

美國全國公共廣播電台（NPR）發表的一篇文章中提到，

it was said many talented North Koreans working in good factory jobs

許多在優質工廠工作的優秀北韓人，

were earning around $62 per month.

每月收入大約在62美元左右。

It also said the workers were doing relatively okay,

文章還指出，這些工人的生活相對過得去，

and some were earning $100 per month.

有些人每月的收入能達到100美元。

This is certainly good when compared to the bottom rung of the ladder, 慣用語

若與社會底層相比，這確實算不錯了，

with some reports saying many North Koreans earned as little as $2 or $3 a month.

因為一些報告稱，許多北韓人每月的收入只有可憐的2到3美元。

If that is the case, 表達脈絡

如果真是這樣的話，

how do they survive on such meager wages? 片語動詞

他們如何靠如此微薄的薪水生存呢？

For starters, 表達脈絡

首先，

North Korea claims that it is the world's only tax-free country,

北韓聲稱自己是世界上唯一的免稅國家，

celebrating tax abolition day on April 1st.

還在4月1日慶祝廢除稅收日。

Even if that's true, 文法

即使這是真的，

many studies tell us that a large number of North Koreans battle with poverty.

許多研究告訴我們，仍有大量北韓人在與貧窮奮戰。

A UN report stated that much of the population has to live on corn and kimchi

聯合國的一份報告稱，很大一部分人口不得不以玉米和泡菜為生，

and doesn't even have fuel to cook with.

甚至沒有生火做飯的燃料。

The upside, 表達脈絡

好的一面是，

if it can be seen that way,

如果能這麼看的話，

is that all North Korean property is owned by the government.

那就是所有北韓的房產都歸政府所有。

North Koreans are given a place to live,

北韓人會被分配住房，

but the condition of that place will depend on what work you do

但住所的條件取決於你從事的工作

and what rank you hold.

以及你的級別。

Your social status and which part of the country you live in will also factor.

你的社會地位和居住地也是重要的決定因素。

This could mean getting a fairly decent apartment

這可能意味著你能分到一間相當不錯的公寓，

or living in a place heated by an open fire

或者住在一個只能靠明火取暖的地方，

that does not have a flushing toilet or reliable electricity.

沒有沖水馬桶，也沒有穩定的供電。

Education is also free,

教育也是免費的，

and North Korea says it has a national literacy rate of 100% for children 15 or over.

北韓稱其15歲及以上兒童的國民識字率達到了100%。

Healthcare is free,

醫療保健同樣免費，

although according to various articles, it is lacking.

儘管多篇文章指出其醫療水準尚有欠缺。

This is because of underfunding,

這是因為資金不足，

with which is partly due to sanctions and a struggling economy.

部分原因在於制裁和疲軟的經濟。

According to one article published in The Guardian,

根據《衛報》發表的一篇文章，

sick people were using crystal meth instead of medical drugs

生病的人甚至會使用冰毒代替醫療藥物，

because the former was cheaper and provided a modicum of relief. 用詞

因為前者更便宜，還能提供一點緩解作用。

South Koreans could be said to be breaking good in comparison, 文化背景

相比之下，南韓人的處境可以說是好多了，

but at the same time more money does often mean more problems. 文法

但與此同時，錢多往往也意味著麻煩多。

While the southerners enjoy higher wages,

南韓人在享受著高薪的同時，

they also have high household debt according to global averages.

按全球平均水準來看，他們的家庭債務也很高。

In a 2017 article in Business Insider,

在《商業內幕》2017年的一篇文章中，

South Korea landed in seventh position on the debt list

南韓在債務榜上名列第七，

with 90% household debt to GDP.

家庭債務占GDP的90%。

While working in North Korea doesn't sound like a walk in the park, 慣用語

雖然在北韓工作聽起來並不輕鬆，

South Koreans are well known for overworking themselves. 片語搭配

但南韓人也是出了名的工作狂。

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,

根據經濟合作暨發展組織的數據，

the South Koreans work the second highest number of hours in the world

南韓人的工作時間在全球排名第二，

in 2015 at 2,113 hours.

2015年達到了2113小時。

This could include 12 hours of obligatory overtime on weekdays

這可能包括工作日12小時的強制加班，

and 16 hours on weekends.

以及週末的16小時。

South Koreans get 16 days of public holidays,

南韓人有16天國定假日，

one less public holiday than in North Korea.

比北韓少一天。

We might also cite a recent Time Magazine article

我們或許還可以引用最近《時代雜誌》的一篇文章，

that said North Koreans are forced to work 70 days straight to get a day off. 片語搭配

該文章稱北韓人被迫連續工作70天才能休息一天。

Other sources have said they get 15 days off a year.

其他消息來源則稱他們每年有15天假期。

With all that hard work,

伴隨著如此繁重的工作，

South Koreans might hope to have good healthcare

南韓人大概會希望，在因為過度勞累而生病時，

if they fall ill from overdoing it. 講解

能擁有良好的醫療保健。

That they do with their free-for-all compulsory national health insurance. 講解

他們確實有，這得益於其全民強制健保制度。

South Korea also has very modern standards of medical care

南韓還擁有非常現代化的醫療標準

and highly qualified medical professionals.

和高素質的醫療專業人員。

The system is frequently rated as being one of the best in the world.

其醫療體系經常被評為世界上最好的之一。

It can't, however, do anything for a successful suicide. 用詞

然而，對於已因自殺身亡的人來說，這體系也無能為力。

According to the most recent World Health Organization report on global suicide,

根據世界衛生組織最新的全球自殺報告，

South Korea was the only developed country

南韓是唯一一個

in the world to make it onto the top 10 list. 片語搭配

躋身全球自殺率前十名的已開發國家。

Other lists include Japan.

其他類似榜單中還包含日本。

Rates differ on wherever you look,

不管看哪裡，比率都有所不同，

with some sources putting South Korea in third place in the world behind North Korea.

一些消息來源將南韓排在世界第三，僅次於北韓。

Most reports don't mention North Korea because there are no verifiable statistics.

大多數報告沒有提及北韓，因為缺乏可核實的統計數據。

The rates are rising,

這一比率正在上升，

and it stands at around 41.7 per 100,000 men in South Korea.

南韓每10萬名男性中的自殺人數約為41.7人。

This is very high in view of all other developed nations. 片語搭配

相比於所有其他已開發國家，這個數字非常高。

Many experts say the high expectations of society

許多專家認為，這要歸咎於社會對

on sometimes overworked men is to blame.

有時過度勞累的男性的過高期望。

The rate is also high for women,

我們還應補充一點，

we should add. 表達脈絡

女性的自殺率同樣很高。

This also applies to school in the south,

這種壓力同樣體現在南韓的學校裡，

where students study notoriously long hours as well as after-school study.

那裡的學生學習時間之長是出了名的，還有課後輔導。

For this reason,

正因為如此，

its students are often in the top leagues globally for their academic performance.

它的學生在學業表現上全球往往名列前茅。

Seven out of every 10 high school students in South Korea go to university, 文法

在南韓，每10名高中生中就有7名升入大學，

but this also means competitiveness and pressure make life hard for youngsters.

但這也意味著競爭和壓力讓年輕人的生活舉步維艱。

One report says half of them think about ending it all during their school years. 慣用語

一份報告稱，一半的學生在求學期間產生過輕生的念頭。

It also means more expensive private schools popping up, 片語動詞

這也導致越來越多昂貴的私立學校湧現，

while private university semesters can cost anything from $3,000 to $6,000. 文法

而私立大學的每學期學費可能在3000到6000美元不等。

North Korea's 23,000 colleges and universities are all free.

而北韓的23,000所大專院校則全部免費。

Let's now turn to the body. 表達脈絡

現在我們來看看身體狀況。

These two countries should surely have similar-looking people, 語氣意圖

這兩個國家的人長得肯定很相似吧，

right?

對嗎？

Well, some reports say that due to ill health, 片語搭配

嗯，有報導稱，由於健康狀況不佳，

North Koreans are, on average,

北韓人的平均身高

2 inches or even 3 inches shorter than South Koreans.

比南韓人矮2英寸甚至3英寸。

Outspoken social critic Christopher Hitchens once wrote that it was more like a 5 or 6 inch difference.

直言不諱的社會評論家克里斯多福·希欽斯曾寫道，差距其實更接近5或6英寸。

Men in the south average around 5 ft 8 and 1/2,

南韓男性平均身高約為5英尺8.5英寸，

and women about 5 ft 2.

女性約為5英尺2英寸。

The South Koreans are also quite well-proportioned

南韓人的身材比例也相當勻稱，

and not suffering an obesity crisis like many other developed nations.

且不像許多其他已開發國家那樣面臨肥胖危機。

Men average around 154 lb,

男性平均體重約為154磅，

and women around 123 lb.

女性約為123磅。

Unlike the paunchy leader Kim Jong-un,

與大腹便便的領導人金正恩不同，

most North Koreans are on the lighter side than their southern counterparts. 慣用語

大多數北韓人的體重比他們的南韓同胞要輕。

Some reports state that Kim Jong-un gained 88 lb since becoming leader.

有報導指出，金正恩自上台以來體重增加了88磅。

As for having fun when not working too hard 表達脈絡

至於在不用拚命工作

or prostrating yourself to your most excellent leader,

或是向最偉大的領導人俯首稱臣時的娛樂活動，

a Guardian article that cited North Korean defectors 文化背景

《衛報》一篇引用脫北者言論的文章

said that the spirit of Umju Gamu, 文化背景

提到，「飲酒歌舞」（Umju Gamu）的精神，

meaning the love of drinking, music, and dancing,

即對喝酒、音樂和跳舞的熱愛，

is alive and well in the north. 慣用語

在北韓依然充滿活力。

This is where the two countries can say they still share a similar trait.

這一點可以說是兩國至今仍保留的相似特徵。

They both love karaoke and getting wasted on white liquor. 用詞

他們都喜歡卡拉OK和喝白酒喝得酩酊大醉。

Although, said the article,

儘管文章也說，

North Koreans do it at home,

北韓人是在家裡這麼做，

and southerners tend to go out. 文法

而南韓人傾向於出去玩。

We'll leave it on that merry note. 表達脈絡

讓我們在這個歡快的話題上結束吧。

Can you think of other ways North Koreans differ from South Koreans?

你還能想到北韓人與南韓人有哪些不同之處嗎？

Let us know in the comments.

在留言區告訴我們吧。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called Americans versus Europeans.

此外，別忘了看看我們的另一支影片《美國人對決歐洲人》。

Thanks for watching,

感謝觀看，

and as always,

一如既往，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

我們下期再見。