世界上最高效的太空計畫：英語精讀講義

In 1961, the Soviet Union launched the first human into space.

1961年，蘇聯將第一位人類送入太空。

In 1969, America put the first man on the moon.

1969年，美國將第一位人類送上月球。

In 2019, China landed the first spacecraft on the far side of the moon.

2019年，中國實現首艘太空船在月球背面登陸。

Since day one, the space flight industry has been extremely competitive 片語搭配

從第一天起，太空產業的競爭就異常激烈，

with countries developing the most advanced technologies and pushing the boundaries of what humans are capable of. 慣用語

各國都在開發最先進的技術，並不斷突破人類能力的極限。

But one country that isn't often mentioned in the history of space flight is India.

但在太空史上，有一個國家常常被忽略，那就是印度。

For decades, the Indian space agency has been quietly working away and achieving some incredible results. 片語動詞

幾十年來，印度太空機構一直在默默耕耘，並取得了一些令人難以置信的成果。

In this video, we're going to look at the efficiency of India's space program.

在這支影片中，我們將探討印度太空計畫的高效性。

We're also going to look at its relationship with private space companies and how that could change in the future.

我們還將審視它與私營太空公司的關係，以及未來可能發生的變化。

When India began their space program in 1969,

1969年，當印度開啟其太空計畫時，

they entered into a world dominated by America and the Soviet Union.

他們進入了一個由美國和蘇聯主導的世界。

In the States, people were living well and businesses were booming with the new advancements in technology. 用詞

在美國，人們生活優渥，新技術的進步帶動了商業的繁榮。

In India, the people had nothing and with a controlling government, even food was hard to come by. 慣用語

而在印度，人民一無所有，在政府的管控下，甚至連食物都很難獲得。

It was a strange time to start a space program.

在那個時候啟動太空計畫似乎有些不合時宜。

Apollo 11 had just returned from the moon 文法

當時阿波羅11號剛剛從月球返回，

and NASA were spending around $40 billion each year in today's money. 用詞

NASA每年的花費相當於如今的大約400億美元。

India came onto the scene with a mere $1 billion. 講解

而印度剛起步時，預算僅有區區10億美元。

So in order to make any impact in the space community,

因此，要想在太空界產生任何影響，

they had to get smart.

他們必須另闢蹊徑。

Since day one, India was focused on using their space program to improve aspects of their own country.

從一開始，印度就專注於利用太空計畫來改善本國國情。

Things like telephone communication and weather forecasts were almost non-existent at the time.

當時，電話通訊和天氣預報等事物幾乎不存在。

And for a country that was based on agriculture, this was a big problem.

對於一個以農業為主的國家來說，這是個大問題。

So over the next decade,

因此，在接下來的十年裡，

India began launching satellites to provide communications and important weather data to improve the farming industry.

印度開始發射衛星，以提供通訊和重要的氣象數據，從而改善農業。

But how did they manage to do all of this on such a tight budget? 片語搭配

但是，他們是如何在如此緊繃的預算下做到這一切的呢？

The early days of India's space program were extremely humble.

印度太空計畫的早期階段極其艱苦。

Rocket parts were often transported by bike

火箭零件常常用腳踏車運輸，

and larger components like satellites were transported by bull carts.

而像衛星這樣較大的組件則用牛車運輸。

During this time, India's space program employed just 3,000 workers.

在此期間，印度太空計畫僅雇用了3000名員工。

To put this into perspective, 表達脈絡

作為對比，

NASA was employing around 200,000 workers during the Apollo program.

在阿波羅計畫期間，NASA雇用了大約20萬名員工。

Nowadays, the employee count between ISRO and NASA is much more similar.

如今，ISRO和NASA的員工人數已經相差無幾。

But the efficiencies in India's infrastructure can still be seen today.

但印度基礎建設的高效今天依然可見一斑。

India's space program pays far less for its skilled workforce than any other space agency. 文法

印度太空計畫為其技術人員支付的薪酬遠低於其他任何太空機構。

The average aerospace engineer in India gets paid around $10,000,

印度普通航太工程師的年薪約為1萬美元，

whereas in America, the same job would pay eight times more.

而在美國，同樣的工作薪酬要高出八倍。

This massive difference in cost allows India to undercut other countries on the cost to manufacture each rocket. 用詞

這種巨大的成本差異使得印度在製造每枚火箭的成本上能夠低於其他國家。

Although most of India's rockets are only designed to launch small payloads,

儘管印度的大多數火箭只設計用於發射小型酬載，

in some cases, the cost for launching on an Indian rocket is 70% cheaper than other options.

但在某些情況下，使用印度火箭發射的成本比其他選擇要便宜70%。

The PSLV is India's workhorse rocket 慣用語

PSLV是印度的主要運載火箭，

and it has a surprisingly low launch cost of just $15 million.

它的發射成本低得令人驚訝，僅為1500萬美元。

In 2017, it pulled off a mission that stunned space programs around the world 片語動詞

2017年，它完成了一項令全球太空界震驚的任務，

by launching an incredible 104 satellites into orbit. 片語搭配

成功將令人難以置信的104顆衛星送入軌道。

Despite the extra engineering required to pull this off,

儘管完成這項任務需要額外的工程技術，

sharing the launch cost between so many people made the cost for each satellite company extremely cheap.

但將發射成本分攤給這麼多客戶，使得每家衛星公司的成本都變得極其便宜。

But India's cheap workforce is only half of what makes their rockets so affordable. 文法

但是，廉價勞動力僅僅是印度火箭價格如此親民的原因之一。

Instead of outsourcing rocket parts to foreign companies,

印度並未將火箭零件外包給外國公司，

India gets most of its materials from local companies.

而是從本地公司獲取大部分材料。

Although they might be able to find more advanced components elsewhere,

儘管他們或許能在別處找到更先進的組件，

keeping all of the parts in-house saves India up to 50% in overall costs. 用詞

但將所有零件留在國內生產，為印度節省了高達50%的整體成本。

Utilizing the expertise of other companies is a common theme in space flight.

利用其他公司的專業技術是太空飛行中的一個常見主題。

Now that the technology required to get into orbit is much more obtainable, 文法

如今，進入軌道所需的技術已經變得更容易獲得，

it has allowed private companies like SpaceX and Rocket Lab

這使得像SpaceX和Rocket Lab這樣的私營公司

to make a massive impact in the space flight community.

能夠對太空界產生巨大影響。

But this is one area that holds India back. 片語動詞

但這也正是侷限印度發展的一個領域。

Although it's not illegal for India's private companies to enter space,

儘管印度私營公司進入太空並不違法，

the laws and regulations make it almost impossible for private space ventures to be set up. 文法

但其法律和法規使得建立私營太空企業幾乎成為不可能。

Until recently, a new space bill has been written 文化背景

直到最近，印度才起草了一項新的太空法案，

to allow the private sector to develop their own rockets and satellites.

允許私營部門開發自己的火箭和衛星。

Traditionally, ISRO have contracted private companies 用詞

傳統上，ISRO會將火箭和太空船的設計與製造

to design and manufacture their rockets and spacecraft.

發包給私營公司。

Now private companies can spend their own time and money

現在，私營公司可以投入自己的時間和資金

in developing more advanced spacecraft for interplanetary missions.

來開發用於星際任務的更先進的太空船。

Although India has experience with this,

儘管印度在這方面有經驗，

their interplanetary missions in the past have been limited in terms of what they can discover. 片語搭配

但他們過去的星際任務在探索能力上是有限的。

But this isn't a fault of India's space program. 表達脈絡

但這並非印度太空計畫的缺陷。

This is by choice.

而是他們自己的選擇。

A common theme that runs through India's space program is high ambition paired with a low budget. 講解

貫穿印度太空計畫的一個共同主題是：雄心勃勃但預算微薄。

India always wanted to go to the moon and Mars

印度一直渴望登陸月球和火星，

and they didn't let their small budget stop them. 文法

而且他們並沒有讓有限的預算成為阻礙。

The Mars Orbiter Mission, which launched in 2013,

2013年發射的火星軌道任務，

made India only the fourth space agency to successfully get to Mars

使印度成為僅有的第四個成功抵達火星的太空機構，

and they did it on their first attempt.

並且他們首次嘗試就獲得了成功。

They also did this on a shoestring budget of just $74 million, 慣用語

他們也是在區區7400萬美元的極低預算下完成的，

a fraction of what other space agencies typically spend. 文法

這僅僅是其他太空機構通常花費的一小部分。

Apart from making their spacecraft small and simple,

除了讓太空船保持小巧簡單外，

India likes to keep the overall duration of the mission as short as possible. 文法

印度還喜歡盡可能縮短任務的整體持續時間。

NASA has multiple missions that have spanned decades

NASA有多個跨越數十年的任務，

and racked up enormous running costs. 片語動詞

並累積了巨額的營運成本。

From the initial conception to the end of operation, 片語搭配

而從最初的構想到任務結束，

India's missions are designed to only run for a few years.

印度的任務通常設計為只運行幾年。

So although India's capabilities and achievements might not be on the same scale as NASA, 片語搭配

因此，儘管印度的能力和成就在規模上可能不及NASA，

their incredible ambition and clever cost efficiency

但他們驚人的雄心和巧妙的成本效益，

has allowed them to become one of the world's key players in the space community. 慣用語

使得他們能夠成為全球太空界的主要參與者之一。

From their humble beginnings cycling rocket parts back and forth 表達脈絡

從騎著腳踏車來回運送火箭零件的卑微起步，

to launching spacecraft to other planets,

到向其他行星發射太空船，

their ability to achieve so much with so little is an inspiring story 慣用語

他們用極少的資源取得如此巨大成就的能力是一個鼓舞人心的故事，

which sums up the Indian spirit. 片語動詞

同時也完美詮釋了印度精神。

In order to continue being one of the greatest space agencies in the world,

為了繼續保持世界頂尖太空機構之一的地位，

India will need to hire the next generation of talented and creative engineers.

印度將需要雇用下一代才華橫溢、富有創造力的工程師。

KiwiCo creates super cool hands-on projects designed to get kids thinking about concepts in STEAM 講解

KiwiCo創造了超級酷的動手做專案，旨在讓孩子們思考STEAM領域的概念，

like science, technology, engineering, art, and math.

比如科學、技術、工程、藝術和數學。

Each monthly crate is designed by experts and tested by kids

每個月的材料盒均由專家設計並由孩子們測試，

and includes an interesting project to build like this glowing pendulum.

其中包含一個有趣的組裝專案，比如這個發光鐘擺。

This year, things have been a little different. 語氣意圖

今年，情況有些不同。

Many kids and students are having to do most of their learning online. 文法

許多孩子和學生不得不大部分時間都在網路上學習。

KiwiCo's projects are a brilliant way to let kids learn from home

KiwiCo的專案是讓孩子們在家學習的絕佳方式，

whilst getting them away from the computer. 用詞

同時也能讓他們遠離電腦。

KiwiCo has eight different subscription options

KiwiCo有八種不同的訂閱選項，

with crates for different age groups and topics.

提供針對不同年齡層和主題的材料盒。

Each project provides kids with hours of entertainment

每個專案都能為孩子們提供數小時的娛樂，

and teaches them new things every month.

並且每個月都能教給他們新東西。

Each box also comes with all the supplies needed for that month's project.

每個盒子裡還附帶了該月專案所需的所有材料。

So there's no need for extra runs to the store.

所以沒有必要額外跑去商店購買。

Just follow the helpful instructions

只需遵循實用的說明，

and you can't go wrong. 慣用語

你就不會弄錯。

With the holiday season approaching fast, 文法

隨著假期的臨近，

KiwiCo is the perfect gift

KiwiCo是完美的禮物，

to introduce kids to the world of science and technology.

可以向孩子們介紹科學與技術的世界。

To support Primal Space and try out KiwiCo,

要支持Primal Space並嘗試KiwiCo，

visit kiwico.com/primalspace to get your first month for free.

請造訪kiwico.com/primalspace，免費獲取您的首月產品。

If you would like to support the channel even more, 語氣意圖

如果你想進一步支持本頻道，

consider becoming a patron where you can give your input on each video

請考慮成為贊助者，你可以在那裡對每支影片發表意見，

and join our exclusive Discord server.

並加入我們的專屬Discord伺服器。

Thank you very much for watching

非常感謝您的觀看，

and I'll see you in the next video.

我們下支影片再見。