安慰劑效應的力量 - 艾瑪·布萊斯：英語精讀講義

請用本課的 take part 表達完成句子：Next month, our class will ____ a community science project.

請用本課表示名稱的後置修飾語完成句子：The children read a book ____ The Secret Lake.

在“The subjects received the treatment during the clinical trial.”中，subjects 是什麼意思？

1. 研究中接受測試的人
2. 正在教授的學校科目
3. 正在討論的主要主題

用 one ... while the other ... 完成對恰好兩支試管的對比：There were exactly two test tubes: ____ was heated, while ____ was kept at room temperature.

哪一句以中立、正式的研究語體呈現參與者的回饋？

1. The participants claimed that they slept better.
2. The participants said that they slept better.
3. The participants reported that they slept better.

哪一句能自然比較兩隻腳踝的疼痛程度，並避免重複 ankle？

1. The treated ankle hurt fewer than the untreated one.
2. The treated ankle hurt less the untreated one.
3. The treated ankle hurt less than the untreated one.

哪一句使用 except 引出一個推翻最初印象的事實？

1. Everyone finished the puzzle except Leo.
2. The puzzle seemed easy, except none of us could solve the final clue.
3. The puzzle seemed easy because the final clue was short.

記者想把一種藥劑說成假貨，並明確表現出不信任。哪個片語最適合？

1. a standard medicinal mixture
2. a fake concoction
3. a carefully measured solution

請用 no ... at all 結構完成句子：The test found ____ harmful chemicals ____.

用目標結構完成問題：____ the key was in the drawer?

在一項對照研究中，研究人員給部分參與者一種不含有效藥物成分的藥片。哪個名稱最適合這種藥片？

1. a dummy drug
2. a counterfeit drug
3. an active drug

用 work 的過去完成式完成句子：By the time the researchers interviewed them, the students believed the medicine ____.

用 The answer lies in ... 中缺少的字詞完成句子：Why did the team improve? The answer ____ better communication.

哪一項最準確地說明 placebo effect？

1. 治療不含活性成分，但期待或治療情境等因素仍帶來改善
2. 藥物中的活性成分產生的化學性緩解
3. 只是醫師一般的口頭安慰，而且沒有任何治療

在 a system wherein every vote is counted 中，哪個片語可以取代 wherein 而不改變關係？

1. in which
2. by which
3. because

在 This medicine isn't supposed to make you sleepy 中，isn't supposed to 表達什麼意思？

1. 已經證明這種藥絕不會讓任何人想睡。
2. 這種藥被禁止讓你想睡。
3. 預計這種藥不會讓你想睡。

請用 made、my sister 和 smile 完成句子：The surprise ____.

請使用 use 的現在完成式簡單形式：Researchers ____ this method since 2010.

用 the power of X to do Y 框架所需的兩個連接詞完成句子：Researchers studied the power ____ sleep ____ improve memory.

用 administer 的一般過去式被動形式完成句子：During the clinic visit, the vaccine ____ by a nurse.

在這個用法中，She imagined she was ill 是什麼意思？

1. 她以為自己病了，但這個想法可能是錯的。
2. 她在腦中形成了一幅關於疾病的詳細畫面。
3. 她明知自己沒病，卻為了欺騙別人而裝病。

句中 “I shall please” 的作用是什麼？

1. 它表示 placebo 是拉丁文中「有效藥物」的說法。
2. 它表示每一種 placebo 都會讓病人高興。
3. 它提供 placebo 在拉丁文中的字面詞源含義，而不是現代醫學定義。

補上 hint 後缺少的介系詞：The clues hint ____ a larger problem.

哪一句自然地使用 placate 來表示緩和生氣或不滿者的反應？

1. The runner stretched to warm up before the race.
2. The editor divided the article into three sections.
3. The airline offered refunds to placate angry passengers.

哪一個句子正確使用了 mimic 來表示「重現相關特徵或條件」？

1. The flight simulator mimics to the conditions of a real flight.
2. The flight simulator mimics as the conditions of a real flight.
3. The flight simulator mimics the conditions of a real flight.

用以 in 開頭的三個字目的片語完成句子：The presenter used a diagram ____ make the process clear.

完成固定表達：The support took ____ grocery vouchers.

在醫學研究中，sham surgery 通常指什麼？

1. 未能幫助病患的手術
2. 未經規劃而實施的緊急手術
3. 用作研究對照的模擬操作

選出自然使用 dupe 來表示蓄意欺騙的句子。

1. The fake ad duped to shoppers into paying for a product that did not exist.
2. The fake ad duped shoppers paying for a product that did not exist.
3. The fake ad duped shoppers into paying for a product that did not exist.

選出 clinical trials 在這句話中的意思。

1. 針對一名病人日常照護的例行檢查
2. 完全不涉及人類參與者的實驗室實驗
3. 涉及人類參與者的有計畫醫學研究

請補全 use X as Y to do Z 結構：Researchers use satellite images ____ a tool ____ track forest loss.

開頭的 To evaluate a new drug, for instance, 在這段說明中有什麼作用？

1. 它否定前一個主題，並引入一個無關的主題。
2. 它宣布最終結果，並表示後面不會出現例子。
3. 它說明下一步操作的目的，並表示這是一個具體例子。

用成對結構 half ... the other half 完成句子：____ the class worked indoors; ____ worked outside.

哪一句自然地使用 dud 表示「某樣東西無法正常運作」？

1. The shop called the watch a dud only because it was genuine.
2. The battery was a dud, so it powered the toy all day.
3. The new flashlight looked fine, but it was a dud and would not turn on.

哪一句使用 bias 表示使研究發現產生系統性偏誤？

1. Changing the sample after seeing the data could bias the results.
2. Changing the sample after seeing the data could prove that the results are unbiased.
3. Changing the sample after seeing the data could make the results grammatically incorrect.

哪一句自然地報告一種方法相較於比較基準的可測量益處？

1. The updated method showed a measurable improvement compared to the old method.
2. The updated method showed compared a measurable improvement the old method.
3. The updated method made a measurable improvement than the old method.

用表示「反覆取得的證據確認了效果」的正式被動表達完成句子：After three controlled trials, the method ____.

判斷以下關於原句的說法：The sentence says that every placebo-controlled trial is automatically unethical.

1. 正確
2. 錯誤

在 compare a new drug against an older version 中，against 有什麼作用？

1. 它表示兩種藥物像敵人一樣互相對抗。
2. 它引出較舊的版本，將其作為評估新藥的基準。
3. 它表示較舊的版本產生了新藥。

用完整的目標表達 preferable to 填空：Taking the train is ____ driving in heavy traffic.

哪個片語可以較正式、概括地描述嚴重的疾病或健康問題？

1. a control condition
2. a serious ailment
3. a minor recovery

在植物生長實驗中，Untreated soil was used as a control. 是什麼意思？

1. 它因為無法測試而被移除。
2. 它迫使所有植物以相同速度生長。
3. 它提供了一個用來比較的基準。

這款應用程式已經運作良好，但團隊還想做幾項細微而精確的改進。哪個句子最符合這項計畫？

1. They will stop developing the app.
2. They will replace the app completely.
3. They will fine-tune the app.

填入本課學到的兩字連接詞組來表示目的：The guide spoke slowly ____ everyone could follow the directions.

將這四個字按正確順序填入句子：exert / influence / strong / a。Public opinion can ____ on policy decisions.

判斷：在 “Thanks to the traffic jam, we missed the flight,” 中，Thanks to 可能帶有反諷和責怪意味。

1. 正確
2. 錯誤

請用目標片語 experience relief from 的正確形式完成句子：After the new treatment, Priya ____ her knee pain, although it did not disappear completely.

句子把只睡了兩小時當作已知事實。請選擇最合適的連接詞：She went to work ___ all she'd had was two hours of sleep.

1. even if
2. even though
3. because

用 instead of 後面 be 的正確形式完成句子：Instead of ____ angry, Leo was simply tired.

哪個句子正確表達「兩種產品經常被誤認為彼此」？

1. The two products are often confused about each other because their packages look alike.
2. The two products are often confused with each other because their packages look alike.
3. The two products are often confusing with each other because their packages look alike.

使用 by 加上 replay 的 -ing 形式完成句子：She improved her pronunciation ____ the recording several times.

選擇最適合的篇章標記：Working from home saves commuting time. ____, it can feel isolating.

1. As a result
2. On the other hand
3. For example

哪一個句子把相信傳言設定為可能條件，而不是已確定的原因或讓步關係？

1. Although a reader believes the rumor is true, they may share it.
2. Because a reader believes the rumor is true, they may share it.
3. If a reader believes the rumor is true, they may share it.

用表示對康復的看法或預測的正式名詞片語完成句子：The study measured the patients' ____.

用 do 的正確強調形式和動詞 reduce 完成句子：Many people doubt the update helps, but it ____ loading time.

用 seem to be capable of 這個結構的正確形式完成句子：From the early results, the device ____ detecting tiny leaks.

哪個句子能自然表達身體會釋放減輕疼痛的化學物質，並以腦內啡為例？

1. The body releases pain-reducing chemicals like endorphins.
2. The body releases pain-reducing chemicals as endorphins.
3. The body releases pain-reduced chemicals like endorphins.

選擇最適合連接以下兩個意思的表達：The freezer door was left open overnight. The ice cream melted.

1. For example,
2. That explains why
3. Even so,

請把 ease 當作動詞來完成句子：A cool cloth may ____ the patient's discomfort.

請用 reduce levels of 完成句子：Regular sleep may help ____ stress hormones such as cortisol.

這裡標示的問句在論述中的主要作用是什麼？

1. 中立地詢問說話者是否了解什麼是安慰劑。
2. 先提出一個很有吸引力的結論，讓後續論述能夠限制或質疑它。
3. 直接命令聽眾舉行慶祝活動。

Maya 說：「A higher price means the product will last longer.」哪個回答最準確地表示她的結論可能成立，但並沒有保證？

1. Not necessarily. Price alone does not guarantee durability.
2. Yes. A higher price guarantees a longer life.
3. No. A higher price can never be linked to quality.

請用表示「錯失受益機會」的三字片語動詞完成句子：If you skip the workshop, you'll ____ valuable hands-on practice.

哪一句表示有證據支持這個方法的有效性？

1. The method is proven to work in controlled trials.
2. The method is expected to work in future trials.
3. The method is being discussed after the trials.

哪一句表示一種感受可能會隨著時間逐漸減弱？

1. The excitement may begin at noon.
2. The excitement may grow stronger over time.
3. The excitement may fade over time.

請填入 do 的正確現在簡單式形式，以避免重複 change without warning：Plans can change without warning, and often ____.

在「Missing information can cloud the results」中，cloud 是什麼意思？

1. 使結果更難判讀
2. 使結果更準確
3. 證明結果是假的

使用本課的三字結構完成句子：Large corporations can ____ smaller suppliers.

哪一句正確表達「儘管我們知道很多，仍有許多問題」？

1. Although everything we know, many questions remain.
2. Despite everything we know, many questions remain.
3. Despite we know a great deal, many questions remain.

一個問題已經困擾研究人員幾個世紀。哪一句最自然？

1. It remains an enduringly mystery.
2. It remains a durable mystery.
3. It remains an enduring mystery.

在這個問句中，undiscovered marvels 是什麼意思？

1. 可能已經存在、但尚未被發現的奇妙事物
2. 有人拒絕討論的已發表研究成果
3. 已經得到充分理解的普通事物

用句型 It's easy to ... and forget that ... 補完這句提醒：____ follow the loudest voice ____ quieter people may have good ideas.

在這句話中，lies right behind our eyes 主要暗示什麼？

1. 這個迷人的研究對象就是我們自己的大腦與心智。
2. 我們的眼睛正在說謊。
3. 有人偷偷站在說話者身後。