如果你停止喝水會怎樣？：英語精讀講義

Every living organism we know of requires water to survive. 片語搭配

我們已知的每一種生物都需要水才能生存。

It's part of the reason we look so feverishly for water on other planets across the universe 講解

這也是我們如此迫切地在宇宙中其他星球上尋找水的部分原因，

and consume it consistently every day here on Earth.

也是我們每天在地球上持續攝取水分的原因。

So,

那麼，

what would happen to your body if you stopped drinking water? 文法

如果你停止喝水，身體會發生什麼事？

Of course,

當然，

when we say water, 表達脈絡

我們這裡所說的「水」，

we're including all fluids

包括所有液體，

which simply contain water like juices,

只要其中含有水分，例如果汁、

pop, or tea. 用詞

汽水或茶。

Much like the desire to breathe in oxygen, 文法

就像我們會本能地想吸入氧氣一樣，

thirst is a survival instinct.

口渴也是一種求生本能。

H2O is the most abundant molecule in the human body,

H2O 是人體內含量最豐富的分子，

making up on average 65% of an adult. 片語動詞

平均占成人體重的 65%。

As a universal solvent, 用詞

作為一種萬用溶劑，

it carries nutrients and hormones through the body,

它將營養素和荷爾蒙輸送到全身，

regulates body temperature,

調節體溫，

cushions our joints,

為關節提供緩衝，

and even lubricates our eyes.

甚至還能潤滑眼睛。

You produce around 1.5 L of urine every day

你每天大約會排出 1.5 公升尿液，

with another liter lost from breathing, 文法

另外 1 公升水分則會透過呼吸、

sweating, and pooping. 用詞

流汗和排便流失。

So,

因此，

it's essential that the body replaces this liquid. 文法

身體補回這些水分至關重要。

The thirst center of the brain is located in the hypothalamus

大腦的口渴中樞位於下視丘，

and is constantly using sensors in your blood vessels

它會不斷利用血管中的感受器，

to monitor the amount of sodium and other substances in your body.

監測體內鈉和其他物質的含量。

For example,

例如，

if you sweat too much,

如果你流汗過多，

your blood volume and pressure fall.

血容量和血壓就會下降。

The brain then detects this change

接著，大腦會察覺這種變化，

and creates the urge to drink something. 片語搭配

讓你產生想喝東西的衝動。

Now,

那麼，

so what happens if you're unable to satisfy this thirst?

如果你無法解渴，會發生什麼事？

The initial signs of dehydration are the obvious dry mouth,

脫水最初的明顯跡象是口乾，

following which your urine becomes darker with a stronger odor 文法

接著，尿液的顏色會變深，氣味也會更重，

as your body attempts to conserve more fluids.

因為身體正試圖保留更多水分。

The lack of H2O

H2O 不足

then begins to affect your brain.

接著會開始影響你的大腦。

You might feel lightheaded, 片語搭配

你可能會感到頭暈，

have a slower response time

反應速度變慢，

and decreased ability to feel pain.

對疼痛的感知能力也會下降。

In fact,

事實上，

when you're dehydrated,

當你脫水時，

your brain tissue literally shrinks. 用詞

腦組織真的會萎縮。

In studies observing hydrated versus dehydrated participants, 表達脈絡

在比較水分充足者與脫水者的研究中，

the same task required more brain power and oxygen

完成同一項任務會消耗更多腦力和氧氣，

in dehydrated individuals compared to those fully hydrated. 文法

脫水者的消耗量會高於水分充足者。

After a day or two with no fluids,

一兩天滴水未進後，

you'll stop peeing altogether, 文法

你會完全停止排尿，

have trouble swallowing, 文法

吞嚥變得困難，

suffer from muscle spasms, 片語搭配

出現肌肉痙攣，

and likely experience nausea.

而且很可能感到噁心。

After all, 表達脈絡

畢竟，

your body can survive without food much longer

身體不吃東西能撐得更久，

and attention to digestion is not a priority at this point. 片語搭配

此時，消化已不是身體優先考量的事。

Eventually,

最後，

victims may become delirious

脫水者可能會神智不清，

with severely impaired brain function.

大腦功能也會嚴重受損。

Interestingly,

有趣的是，

studies looking at elderly patients who suffer from delirium 表達脈絡

針對出現譫妄的年長患者所做的研究

found that many are simply suffering from chronic dehydration 用詞

發現，其中許多人其實只是長期脫水，

in the first place. 慣用語

這才是問題的根源。

After even more time without water,

如果缺水時間繼續延長，

the blood stops flowing to your skin,

血液會停止流向皮膚，

reducing heat loss 文法

進而減少熱量散失，

but increasing your core body temperature.

卻會使核心體溫升高。

This can lead to a gray bluish tinge to your skin. 片語搭配

這會讓皮膚呈現灰藍色。

Beyond 3 to 5 days without water,

在斷水 3 到 5 天後，

and your body will begin to shut down its organs 片語動詞

身體的各個器官會開始停止運作，

and eventually the brain.

最後連大腦也會停擺。

Of course,

當然，

unlike the plentiful oxygen we breathe,

與我們呼吸的充足氧氣不同，

only 2.5% of all Earth's water is fresh,

地球上所有水中只有 2.5% 是淡水，

most of which is locked up in glaciers, 講解

其中大部分封存在冰河、

ice caps,

冰帽

and underground lakes known as aquifers,

以及被稱為含水層的地下水體中，

leaving less than 1% available for drinking. 文法

可供飲用的還不到 1%。

And most of this water is actually used to grow crops, 文法

而這些水大多其實都用來種植農作物，

approximately 500 billion liters of fresh water

大約有 5,000 億公升淡水

is used daily for agriculture in the USA alone 用詞

每天光在美國就被用於農業，

with another 500 billion liters

另有 5,000 億公升

to cool electric power plants.

用來冷卻發電廠。

And as our personal drinking sources become increasingly contaminated, 文法

隨著我們的飲用水源受到越來越嚴重的污染，

over 783 million people on Earth

全球有超過 7.83 億人

are unable to access clean water. 用詞

無法取得乾淨用水。

Scientists around the world are trying to find solutions to this problem,

世界各地的科學家都在設法解決這個問題，

from attempts to remove salt from the ocean water, 文法

從嘗試去除海水中的鹽分，

tap into underground aquifers, 片語動詞

利用地下含水層中的水，

and creating innovative water filtration systems.

到開發創新的濾水系統。

If we look to space, 片語搭配

如果把目光投向太空，

NASA has developed technology for astronauts

NASA 已經為太空人開發出一種技術，

to turn their urine into water 片語動詞

可以將尿液轉化成水，

more pure than what we drink on Earth. 文法

而且比我們在地球上喝的水更純淨。

But we can't just rely on science and technology. 表達脈絡

但我們不能只依賴科學與科技。

Perhaps the solution relies on us as a species

或許，解決問題要靠我們全人類

to understand and contribute to this global water crisis. 用詞

去理解這場全球水危機，並為解決它貢獻力量。

If you want to help in the mission to end global thirst, 語氣意圖

如果你想為終結全球缺水的任務盡一份心力，

join in World Water Day on March 22nd. 講解

請參與 3 月 22 日的「世界水日」活動。

There are a lot of really amazing projects out there 慣用語

目前有許多非常棒的計畫，

like water.org

例如 water.org，

or even the awesome UNICEF app

甚至還有很棒的 UNICEF 應用程式，

which donates 1 day of clean water to a child in need 片語搭配

它會為有需要的兒童捐出一天所需的乾淨用水，

for every 10 minutes you put your phone down. 講解

條件是你每次放下手機 10 分鐘。

We'll leave links in the description

我們會在影片說明欄中放上

for these and other great water charities.

這些計畫和其他優秀水資源慈善機構的連結。

Small investments really do make a huge difference. 講解

小小的投入，真的能帶來巨大的改變。

We'll be donating all the proceeds from this video 片語搭配

我們會把這支影片的全部收益

to a water project close to us

捐給一個與我們關係密切的水資源計畫，

called Morocco 5 Villages.

名叫 Morocco 5 Villages。

So,

那麼，

thanks for supporting and watching.

感謝你的支持與收看。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos.

也請訂閱頻道，每週觀看更多科學影片。